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709 results for “soil carbon”
Soil organic carbon formation efficiency from straw/stover and manure input and its drivers: Estimates from long-term data in global croplands
<p>Field observation data collected from publications, the references from the main text and data sources , grid-level maps showing prediction of global cultivated land NCE(%) and data-driven model codes </p>
Natural hydrogen and carbon dioxide soil gas emissions in the Perth Basin: Monitoring near DMP Harvey-2
<p>Data in support of the publication "Natural hydrogen and carbon dioxide soil gas emissions in the Perth Basin: Monitoring near DMP Harvey-2"</p>
Dataset underying the publication titled: Warming-induced contrasts in snow depth drive the future trajectory of soil carbon loss across the Arctic-Boreal region
<p>LPJ-GUESS model outputs underlying the figures published in the article "Warming-induced contrasts in snow depth drive the future trajectory of soil carbon loss across the Arctic-Boreal region".</p> <p> </p>
Data for "Unexpected suppressive fungal diversity and stimulative soil carbon loss under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland"
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Unexpected suppressive fungal diversity and stimulative soil carbon loss under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland", which was submitted to Functional Ecology in May 2024. It contains data of soil properties, plant and microbial communities under soil acidification in an alkaline grassland on the Loess Plateau. </p>
Data covering soil microbial carbon use efficiency and soil properties along an aridity gradient
<p>Data including experiment description, site geographic location, climate variables, soil microbial carbon use efficiency and soil properties along an aridity gradient.</p>
Rare taxa drives soil organic carbon accumulation in sagebrush desert grassland under grazing exclusion
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The microbially-mediated soil organic carbon loss under degenerative succession in an alpine meadow
Land-cover change has long been recognized as having marked effect on the amount of soil organic carbon (SOC). However, the microbially-mediated processes and mechanisms on SOC are still unclear. In this study, the soil samples in a degenerative succession from alpine meadow to alpine steppe meadow in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were analyzed using high-throughput technologies, including Illumina sequencing and GeoChip functional gene arrays. The soil microbial community structure and diversity were significantly (P < 0.05) different between alpine meadow and alpine steppe meadow, the microbial ɑ-diversity in alpine steppe meadow was significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in alpine meadow. Molecular ecological network analysis indicated that the microbial community structure in alpine steppe meadow was more complex and tighter than in the alpine meadow. The relative abundance of soil microbial labile carbon degradation genes (e.g., pectin and hemicellulose) was significantly higher in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow, but the relative abundance of soil recalcitrant carbon degradation genes (e.g. chitin and lignin) showed the opposite tendency. The Biolog Ecoplate experiment showed that microbially-mediated soil carbon utilization was more active in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow. Consequently, more soil labile carbon might be decomposed in alpine steppe meadow than in alpine meadow. Therefore, the degenerative succession of alpine meadow because of climate change or anthropogenic activities would most likely decreased SOC and nutrients medicated by changing soil microbial community structure and their functional potentials for carbon decomposition.
Data from: Changes in plant, soil and microbes in a typical steppe from simulated grazing: explaining potential change in soil carbon
Grazing can directly or indirectly influence carbon (C) inputs, turnover, and retention in grassland soil. However, relative to the plant response to grazing, belowground biota and process responses are more complex and often do not correlate with the aboveground responses. Ungulate grazing involves three mechanisms - defoliation (removal of plant shoot tissue), dung and urine return, and trampling. An evaluation of the relative roles of these mechanisms and their combinations in grazing can explain the causes of changes in grassland, thereby explaining the soil carbon sequestration in a steppe ecosystem. In this study, we examined the changes in plants attributes, soil abiotic characteristics, and the soil microbial community in response to mowing (M), dung and urine addition (DU), simulated trampling (T), and their combinations by conducting a 3-year experiment in a steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China. Most of the variation in the grazing effects on grassland was explained by defoliation through decreased plant production and soil respiration and altered vegetation composition. Dung and urine return was second to defoliation in explaining grazing effects on grassland, and lead to increasing plant C inputs to the soil, while simultaneously potential loss of soil C due to the increase of the abundance of bacteria and soil respiration, eventually accelerated soil C cycling. An interaction between defoliation and trampling on microbial growth was observed in our study: trampling increased the abundance of total bacteria, fungi, and AMF only in the no-mowing plots. Trampling led to plant allocation to the belowground tissues and increased the abundance of fungi and AMF, which is critical for soil carbon sequestration, and trampling with defoliation further decreased the abundance of soil microbes, which may decelerate soil C cycling and increase its retention time. These results indicate that defoliation and dung and urine return play major roles in explaining grazing effects on grassland systems, including plant, soil, and microbe parameters examined, but the trampling effects and the interaction between defoliation and trampling are the two key factors that contribute to explaining the overall effects of grazing on soil carbon sequestration in a typical steppe ecosystem in Inner Mongolia.
Ericoid mycorrhizal shrubs alter the relationship between tree mycorrhizal dominance and soil carbon and nitrogen
<p>1. Plant-fungal associations strongly influence forest carbon and nitrogen cycling. The prevailing framework for understanding these relationships is through the relative abundance of arbuscular (AM) versus ectomycorrhizal (EcM) trees. Ericoid mycorrhizal (ErM) shrubs are also common in forests and interactions between co-occurring ErM shrubs and AM and EcM trees could shift soil biogeochemical responses. Here we test hypotheses that the effects of ErM shrubs on soil carbon and nitrogen either extend or are redundant with those of EcM trees.</p> <p>2. Using regional vegetation inventory data (>3,500 plot observations) we evaluated the frequency, richness, and relative abundance of ErM plants in temperate forests in the eastern United States and examined their relationship with EcM plant cover. We then used surface soil (7 cm) data from 414 plots within a single forest to analyze relationships between ErM plant cover, relative EcM tree basal area, and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations while accounting for other biogeochemical controls, such as soil moisture.</p> <p>3. At both scales, we found a positive relationship between ErM and EcM plants, and the majority of ErM plants were in the shrub layer. Within the forest site, ErM plants strongly modulated tree mycorrhizal dominance effects. We found negative relationships between EcM relative basal area and soil carbon and nitrogen concentrations, but these relationships were weak to negligible in the absence of ErM plants. Both EcM relative basal area and ErM plant cover were positively associated with the soil carbon-to-nitrogen ratio. However, this relationship was driven by relatively lower nitrogen for EcM trees and higher carbon for ErM plants. As such, the functional effects of ErM plants on soil biogeochemistry neither extended nor were redundant with those of EcM trees.</p> <p>4. Synthesis. We found that ErM shrubs strongly influenced the relationship between tree mycorrhizal associations and soil biogeochemistry, and the effects of ErM shrubs and EcM trees on carbon and nitrogen were functionally distinct. Our findings suggest that ErM shrubs could confound interpretation of AM versus EcM tree effects in ecosystems where they co-occur but also bolster growing calls to consider mycorrhizal functional types as variables that strongly influence forest biogeochemistry.</p>
Rice paddy soils are a quantitatively important carbon store according to a global synthesis
<p>Overview of all experimental observations from global rice field experiments that were used for calculating paddy SOC stocks and the meta-analysis.</p>
Global process-based characterization factors of soil carbon depletion for life cycle impact assessment
<p>The dataset includes all the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) Characterization Factors (CFs) for the Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) depletion indicator produced by Teixeira, R.F.M., Morais, T.G., Domingos, T. 2021. Global process-based characterization factors of soil carbon depletion for life cycle impact assessment.</p> <p> </p> <p>The dataset is divided by type of CF. The results (files) included in each file is:</p> <ul> <li><strong>SOC_dynamics.zip</strong>: includes all the used SOC dynamics for calculate the CFs (it includes transitions for crop, forest, grassland and urban LU classes).</li> </ul> <ul> <li><strong>Raster_Background_Occupation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Occupation CFs per aggregated land use flow according Table 1 of the paper at country-level.</li> </ul> <p>For example, the raster “Occ_background_Agriculture.tif” has the CFs for the land use class “Agriculture”.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Raster_background_Transformation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Transformation CFs per aggregated land use flow according Table 1 of the paper at country-level.</li> <li><strong>Table_CFs_background.xlsx</strong>: Includes, at Excel table, the Occupation and Transformation Characterization Factors that were included in “Raster_background_ Occupation.zip” and “Raster_background_Transformation.zip”</li> <li><strong>Raster_Foreground_Occupation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Occupation CFs per unique land use flow according Table 2 of the paper at unique homogenous territorial unit (about 17,200 unique region).</li> </ul> <p>For example, the raster “Occ_foreground_Irrigated_Potatoes.tif” has the CFs for the land use class “Irrigated potatoes”.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Raster_ Foreground _Transformation.zip</strong>: includes spatial data (rasters at “tif” format) for Transformation CFs per unique land use flow according Table 2 of the paper at unique homogenous territorial unit (about 17,200 unique region).</li> <li><strong>Table_CFs_foreground.xlsx: </strong>Includes, at Excel table, the Occupation and Transformation Characterization Factors that were included in “Raster_Foreground_Occupation.zip” and “Raster_ Foreground _Transformation.zip”</li> <li><strong>LCIA_OpenLCA_file.zip</strong>: includes the Background Characterization Factors to be imported as an LCIA methods for the Product Environmental Footprint database in OpenLCA software</li> </ul>
Manganese limitations and the enhanced soil carbon sequestration of temperate rainforests
<p>Manganese (Mn) has been identified as a regulatory bottleneck in the accumulation of humus because of its role as an enzymatic co-factor in the breakdown of recalcitrant C by Mn-peroxidase (MnP). We tested this abiotic limit on decay via contrasting soils along a podzolization gradient of coastal British Columbia, where an inverse exponential relationship between soil organic carbon (SOC) and exchangeable Mn had been observed. Moderately weathered soils (Brunisols) had an average 3.6-fold increase in MnP activity within the upper soil profile in comparison to highly weathered Podzols. An ordination of the Agaricomycete fungal community, which are responsible for MnP production in soils, confirmed significant differences in assemblages across soil types for saprotrophic fungi, particularly species within the Agaricales, Trechisporales and Auriculariales. Ectomycorrhizal fungi of <i>Pseudotsuga</i> <i>menziesii</i> were equally aligned with soil type and select taxa more abundant on Brunisols may have supplemented MnP activity. A laboratory incubation with an Mn amendment produced significant interactions in MnP activity by soil type. Surprisingly, MnP activity of both Brunisol substrates declined substantially with an amendment (-56% and -40% for forest floor and mineral soil, respectively), in contrast to Podzols (-30% and +26%, respectively). This inhibitory response was linked to considerable uptake of the amendment, and underscores how Mn<sup>2+</sup> operates directly on fungi as a regulator of <i>mnp</i> transcription for MnP production. Our study highlights a new perspective concerning the abiotic drivers underpinning the large, expansive soil C stocks across perhumid temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest.</p>
Supplementary materials: Indirect effects of trophic interactions govern carbon circulation in two beech forest soil ecosystems
<p>1. Forests soils harbour a vast array of organisms that govern the processing of organic matter. Through their trophic interactions, they give rise to carbon flows that sustain soil ecosystem functioning. Understanding how soil food webs shape carbon flows may enhance our knowledge about the role of biodiversity on soil processes.</p> <p>2. In this work, we assembled trophic networks representing soil food webs of two beech forests during spring and autumn and compiled mass-balanced models quantifying carbon flows between their components. These models were investigated using network analysis to identify the role of the components on carbon flow, cycling and functional trophic relationships. Moreover, we explored how the structure of carbon exchanges promote efficiency and stability.</p> <p>3. Results indicate the importance of indirect interactions. Most trophic groups exhibit a diffuse dependency on all the compartments for their carbon requirement although certain groups such as Collembola play the role of hubs in distributing carbon. Indirect interactions often reverse the impacts of direct trophic relationships being antagonistic to the direction of change predicted based on predator-prey interactions. The high incidence of generalist feeding habits increases the redundancy of energy channels thereby making such food webs more resilient against perturbations but at the expense of carbon transfer efficiency.</p> <p>4. Although differences can be observed across sites and periods, food web structure rather than environmental variability seems to be the main factor responsible for patterns of carbon flows in the two beech forests.</p>
Effects of habitat types on the dynamic changes of allocation in carbon and nitrogen storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands
<p>The progressive restoration of degraded vegetation in semiarid and arid desertified areas undoubtedly formed different habitat types. The most plants regulate their growth by fixing carbon with their energy deriving from photosynthesis, carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) play the crucial role in regulating plant growth, community structure and function in the vegetation restoration progress. However, it is still unclear how habitat types affect the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage of vegetation-soil system in sandy grasslands. Here, we investigated plant community characteristics and soil properties across three successional stages of habitat types: semi-fixed dunes (SFD), fixed dunes (FD) and grasslands (G) in 2011, 2013 and 2015. We also examined the C and N concentrations of vegetation-soil system, and estimated their C and N storage. The C and N storage of vegetation system, soil and vegetation-soil system remarkably increased from SFD to G. The litter C and N storage in SFD, N storage of vegetation system in SFD and N storage of soil and vegetation-soil system in FD increased from 2011 to 2015, while aboveground plant C and N storage of FD were higher in 2011 than in 2013 and 2015. Most of C and N were sequestered in soil in the vegetation restoration progress. These results suggest that the dynamic changes of allocation in C and N storage in vegetation-soil systems varied with habitat types. Our study highlights that SFD has higher N sequestration rate in vegetation, while FD has the considerably N sequestration rate in the soil.</p>
Recently fixed carbon fuels microbial activity several meters below the soil surface
<p>This data file (Scheibe_2022.xlsx) contains radiocarbon data of bulk soil carbon and CO<sub>2</sub> respired in incubations from soil profiles in three climate zones (arid, mediterranean, and humid) of the Costal Cordillera of Chile down to a depth of six meters. Variable descriptions are provided in Template Info File. The data are part of a study, which investigates how soil microbial carbon cycling affects soil formation especially in the critical zone by understanding the carbon source of microbial activity in deep soil. The study was conducted within the framework of the Deep EarthShape priority program funded by the German Science Foundation (DFG-SPP 1803).</p>
Data for "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis"
<p>This dataset was used to make tables and figures for the study entitled "Nitrogen availability mediates soil carbon cycling response to climate warming: a meta-analysis", which was submitted to Global Change Biology in October 2022. It contains a meta-analysis database focusing on the effects of warming on soil C storage, root biomass and soil respiration.</p>
Tree species richness and soil organic carbon stock
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Recently, the perspectives for the stronger persistence of soil organic carbon (SOC) caused by the higher molecular diversity of organic compounds were proposed. Therefore, the effects of tree species richness and composition on the diversity of molecular components of SOC need to be explored. In this study, we collected data on tree species diversity and composition, SOC concentration, chemical composition, litter and fine root properties, and examined the relationships between the richness, composition and functional diversity of tree species, and the evenness of SOC chemical compositions at a molecular level by <sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance, across six natural forest types encompassing a diversity gradient, ranging from cold temperate to tropical forests. Across the range, tree species richness correlated to the evenness of SOC chemical components through tree species composition. The negative correlation of evenness of SOC chemical components with tree species composition and the positive correlation of evenness of SOC chemical components with tree functional diversity were found. The positive correlation of the evenness of SOC chemical components with indicator tree species. These findings suggest that the indicator tree species conservation might be preferable to simply increasing tree species richness, for enhancing the potential resistance of SOC to decomposition.</span></p>
Climate warming alters the relative importance of plant root and microbial community in regulating the accumulation of soil microbial necromass carbon in a Tibetan alpine meadow
<p><span>Climate warming is predicted to considerably affect variations in soil organic carbon (SOC), especially in alpine ecosystems. Microbial necromass carbon (MNC) is an important contributor to stable soil organic carbon pools. However, accumulation and persistence of soil MNC across a gradient of warming are still poorly understood. An eight-year field experiment with four levels of warming was conducted in a Tibetan meadow</span><span>.</span> <span>We found that low-level (+0</span><span>-</span><span>1.5 ℃) warming mostly enhanced bacterial necromass carbon (BNC), fungal necromass carbon (FNC), and total MNC compared with control treatment across soil layers, while no significant effect was caused between high-level (+1.5</span><span>-</span><span>2.5 ℃) treatments and control treatments. The contributions of both MNC and BNC to soil organic carbon were not significantly affected by warming treatments across depths. Structural equation modeling analysis demonstrated that the effect of plant root traits on MNC persistence strengthened with warming intensity, while the influence of microbial community characteristics waned along with strengthened warming. Overall, our study provides novel evidence that the major determinants of MNC production and stabilization may vary with warming magnitude in alpine meadows. This finding is critical for updating our knowledge of soil carbon storage in response to climate warming.</span></p>
Data for: Cover crop functional types differentially alter the content and composition of soil organic carbon in particulate and mineral-associated fractions
<p>Cover crops (CCs) can increase soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration by providing additional OC residues, recruiting beneficial soil microbiota, and improving soil aggregation and structure. The various CC species that belong to distinct plant functional types (PFTs) may differentially impact SOC formation and stabilization. Biogeochemical theory suggests that selection of PFTs with distinct litter quality (C:N ratio) should influence the pathways and magnitude of SOC sequestration. Yet, we lack knowledge on the effect of CCs from different PFTs on the quantity and composition of physiochemical pools of SOC. We sampled soils under monocultures of three CC PFTs (legume [crimson clover]; grass [triticale]; and brassica [canola]) and a mixture of these three species, from a long-term CC experiment in Pennsylvania, USA. We measured C content in bulk soil and C content and composition in contrasting physical fractions: particulate organic matter, POM; and mineral-associated organic matter, MAOM. The bulk SOC content was higher in all CC treatments compared to the fallow. Compared to the legume, monocultures of grass and brassica with lower litter quality (wider C:N) had higher proportion of plant-derived C in POM, indicating selective preservation of complex structural plant compounds. In contrast, soils under legumes had greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM. Our results for the first time, revealed that the mixture contributed to a higher concentration of plant-derived compounds in POM relative to the legume, and a greater accumulation of microbial-derived C in MAOM compared to monocultures of grass and brassica. Mixtures with all three PFTs can thus increase the short- and long-term SOC persistence balancing the contrasting effects on the chemistries in POM and MAOM imposed by monoculture CC PFTs. Thus, despite different cumulative C inputs in CC treatments from different PFTs, the total SOC stocks did not vary between CC PFTs, rather PFTs impacted whether C accumulated in POM or MAOM fractions. This highlights that CCs of different PFTs may shift the dominant SOC formation pathways (POM vs. MAOM), subsequently impacting short- and long-term SOC stabilization and stocks. Our work provides a strong applied field test of biogeochemical theory linking litter quality to pathways of C accrual in soil.</p>
Data for: Exogenous carbon turnover within the soil food web strengthens soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation
<p>Exogenous carbon turnover within soil food web is important in determining the trade-offs between soil organic carbon (SOC) storage and carbon emission. However, it remains largely unknown how soil food web influences carbon sequestration through mediating the dual roles of microbes as decomposers and contributors, hindering our ability to develop policies for soil carbon management. Here, we conducted a 13C-labeled straw experiment to demonstrate how soil food web regulated the residing microbes to influence the soil carbon transformation and stabilization process after 11 years no-tillage. Our work demonstrated that soil fauna, as a "temporary storage container", indirectly influenced the SOC transformation processes and mediated the SOC sequestration through feeding on soil microbes. Soil biota communities acted as both drivers of and contributors to SOC cycling, with 32.0% of exogenous carbon being stabilizing in the form of microbial necromass as "new" carbon. Additionally, the proportion of mineral-associated organic carbon and particulate organic carbon showed that the "renewal effect" driven by the soil food web promoted the SOC to be more stable. Our study clearly illustrated that soil food web regulated the turnover of exogenous carbon inputs and mediated soil carbon sequestration through microbial necromass accumulation.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.