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2,078 results for “soil data”
Supplementary Data for "Organic matter preservation in ancient soils of Earth and Mars"
<p>Global compilation of organic carbon content (TOC) of paleosols (ancient soils) throughout the geological record on Earth.</p> <p> Pleistocene (1 Ma) to the Archean (3.7 Ga)!</p> <p> </p>
16S rRNA Sequence Data, Brazilian Coffee Soils
<p>16S sequencing data for DNA extracted from soils from Brazillian coffee farms. Sequenced on Illumina MiSeq with primers from Caporaso (2011, 2012).</p>
Evaporation and permeameter data hydraulic properties stony soil
<p>We used the evaporation method to determine the hydraulic conductivity and the retention curve of a soil sample. The principle of this method is to simultaneously measure the matric head at different depths and the water content of an initially saturated soil sample submitted to evaporation.</p> <p>The experiments were performed over cylindrical Plexiglas samples of 1 L (height: 65 mm), perforated at the bottom to allow saturation from below and open to atmosphere on the upper side to allow evaporation of the soil moisture. Four 6 mm-long ceramic tensiometers (SDEC230) were introduced at 10, 25, 40 and 55 mm in height, respectively denoted T1 to T4 (the reference level is located at the bottom of the sample). In order to avoid preferential flow due to the introduction of the tensiometers on a same vertical line, each hole of the sample was horizontally shifted of 12 degrees vis-à-vis the center of the tube. The tensiometers are connected through a tube to a pressure transducer (DPT-100, DELTRAN). The setup was filled with degased water. The variation in pressure of the drying soil was recorded every 15 min by a CR800 (CAMPBELL SCIENTIFIC). Tensions beyond the consolidation point were not taken into account. The consolidation point refers to the state from which the measured pressure head starts to decrease as bubbles appear and water vapour accumulates (typically 68 kPa cm in this case).</p> <p>The total water loss as a function of time was monitored by a balance (OHAUS) with a sensitivity of 0.2 g with an accuracy of 1 g with a time resolution of 15 min. A 50 W infrared lamp was positioned 1 m above the sample surface to slightly speed up the evaporation process. The light was turned off for the first 24 hours of every experiment, as the evaporation rate is already high in a saturated sample. A measuring campaign lasted until 3 of the 4 tensiometers ran dry (the tension sharply drops down to approximately a null value). At the end of the experiment, the sample was oven dried for 24 hours at 105°C to estimate the .</p>
Data for article Pesticide seed dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition rate of plant material, BMC Ecology
<p>Raw data for article "Pesticide seed dressings can affect the activity of various soil organisms and reduce decomposition rate of plant material" published in BMC Ecology</p>
Grain size and clay mineralogy data of the Esplugafreda sequence (Spain) with stable carbon, oxygen and clumped isotope data of soil carbonates
<p>This datasets contains 1) grain size distribution data of mudstone paleosols of the Esplugafreda sequence (Esplugafreda and Claret Formations) measured by laser diffraction, and 2) clay mineralogy measured by powder X-ray diffraction, as well as 3) stable carbon, oxygen and clumped (D47) isotope compositions of soil carbonates. The Esplugafreda sequence is found in the Tremp-Graus Basin in the southern forefront of the Pyrenees and consists of continental sediments formed in a coastal alluvial setting during the late Paleocene and early Eocene.</p> <p>In addition, a proxy dataset of late Paleocene and PETM continental temperatures of the northern hemisphere is also included.</p>
Soil grid data for 4 agricultural fields in PT (ECe; soil organic carbon, pH)
<p>Soil data collected in an agricultural area with annual crops in Portugal (Lezíria Grande). The data refers to soil properties of 63 soil samples collected at a depth of 0-20 cm, considering a regular sampling grid, in four fields with varying soil salinity (field areas between 2 and 34 ha). The samples were collected at a period when the soil was bare, following the harvest of the annual crops, and pictures of the soil surface were taken for eventual correction of corresponding remote sensing imaging. The data includes: soil organic carbon (SOC) (Walkley-Black method), soil water content, electric conductivity of the saturated soil paste (ECe), EC1:5, and pH1:5. </p><p>The data may be representative of the soil conditions of the area, which is a highly productive agricultural low land, prone to the development of soil salinity as a result of the rise of saline groundwater and/or irrigation. The data can be used to establish relations between soil salinity (ECe) and other soil properties as well as build prediction models of the soil properties from remote sensing namely, for developing models for SOC prediction under the STEROPES project (WP5 (WP5-T3) and WP2 (WP2-T3)).The aim of the collected dataset was to be able to analyze the influence of soil salinity in SOC prediction from remote sensing.</p><p>Data in the form of MS Excel files (xlsx), pictures of the soil surface in jpg. format. </p>
data for publication "Dynamics of soil nitrogen and N-cycling-related genes following the application of biobased fertilizers"
<p>Dataset for the scientific publication titled "Dynamics of soil nitrogen and N-cycling-related genes following the application of biobased fertilizers" in the Journal <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/applied-soil-ecology">Applied Soil Ecology</a>. </p><p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105033">https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsoil.2023.105033</a> </p>
Supporting data for von Fromm et al. (2023) Controls on timescales of soil organic carbon persistence across sub-Saharan Africa
<p>This file contains the supporting data for<em> von Fromm et al. (2024) Controls on timescales of soil organic carbon persistence across sub-Saharan Africa, Global Change Biology</em>, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17089">https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.17089</a></p> <p>We used wet soil chemistry data from <em>Vågen et al., 2021</em> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/66BFOB">https://doi.org/10.34725/DVN/66BFOB</a>). In addition, we added newly measured radiocarbon data, extracted global climate data, gross primary productivity and quantified soil mineralogy based on X-ray powder diffraction data. Turnover time for carbon (mean C age) was calculated from Δ14C (‰) values by using an one-pool model. For more details about the sampling, calculations, and units see the associated publication. To reproduce all analysis, including calculating the mean C age, please visit the author's github page: <a href="https://github.com/SophievF/AfSIS_14C">https://github.com/SophievF/AfSIS_14C</a>. </p> <p>The dataset is also part of the International Soil Radiocarbon Database (<a href="https://soilradiocarbon.org/">https://soilradiocarbon.org/</a>).</p>
Data from: Soil phosphorus drawdown by perennial bioenergy cropping systems in the Midwestern US
<p>Without fertilization, harvest of perennial bioenergy cropping systems diminishes soil nutrient stocks, yet the time course of nutrient drawdown has not often been investigated. We analyzed phosphorus (P) inputs (fertilization and atmospheric deposition) and outputs (harvest and leaching losses) over seven years in three representative biomass crops—switchgrass (<em>Panicum</em> <em>virgatum</em> L.), miscanthus (<em>Miscanthus</em> X <em>giganteus</em>) and hybrid poplar trees (<em>Populus</em> <em>nigra</em> X <em>P</em>. <em>maximowiczii</em>) – as well as in no-till corn (maize; <em>Zea</em> <em>mays</em> L.) for comparison, all planted on former cropland in SW Michigan, USA. Only corn received P fertilizer. Corn (grain and stover), switchgrass, and miscanthus were harvested annually, while poplar was harvested after six years. Soil test P (STP; Bray-1 method) was measured in the upper 25 cm of soil annually. Harvest P removal was calculated from tissue P concentration and harvest yield (or annual woody biomass accrual in poplar). Leaching was estimated as total dissolved P concentration in soil solutions sampled beneath the rooting depth (1.25 m), combined with hydrological modeling. Fertilization and harvest were by far the dominant P budget terms for corn, and harvest P removal dominated the P budgets in switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar, while atmospheric deposition and leaching losses were comparatively insignificant. Because of significant P removal by harvest, the P balances of switchgrass, miscanthus, and poplar were negative and corresponded with decreasing STP, whereas P fertilization compensated for the harvest P removal in corn, resulting in a positive P balance. Results indicate that perennial crop harvest without P fertilization removed legacy P from soils, and continued harvest will soon draw P down to limiting levels, even in soils once heavily P-fertilized. Widespread cultivation of bioenergy crops may therefore alter P balances in agricultural landscapes, eventually requiring P fertilization, which could be supplied by P recovery from harvested biomass.</p>
Data from: Fog controls biological cycling of soil phosphorus in the Coastal Cordillera of the Atacama Desert
<p>In this study, we collected topsoil samples (0‒10 cm) from each of 54 subsites, including sites in direct adjacency (< 10 cm) and in 1 m distance to plants, along an aridity gradient across the Coastal Cordillera in the Atacama Desert. The soluble salts anions (NO<sup>3</sup><sup>‒</sup>, Cl<sup>‒</sup>, and SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>‒</sup>) and cations (Ca<sup>2+</sup>, Na<sup>+</sup>, Mg<sup>2+</sup> and K<sup>+</sup>) were tested. And we performed soil sequential P fractionation and the oxygen isotope values of HCl-extractable P<sub>i</sub> (δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>HCl</sub>-<sub>Pi</sub>). </p>
Soil BON Earthworm - Community data template
<p>The Soil BON Earthworm consortium built a data template for everyone to use and format their data, so that it can be collated in a straightforward way. The template is an updated version of the one developed for the EUdaphobase COST Action <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?ar5Q1g">(Tsiafouli et al. 2022)</a>. More information on Soil BON Earthworm initiative and the data templates created are available in the associated publication (insert DOI when available).</p><p>It is composed of different leaflets:</p><ol><li>"Readme": this leaflet contains all column names from the next leaflet and provides the necessary information to properly fill the information needed.</li><li>"Template to fill with data": this leaflet is composed of several columns where the data provider can enter the information on dataset, site, methodology and taxa sampled. This leaflet is to be filled with density data, and another file should be produced for biomass data.</li><li>"drop down list": this leaflet is non-modifiable and contains the different lists from which values are taken for certain variables, such as soil type which follow the WRB FAO classification <a href="https://www.zotero.org/google-docs/?XHAIOm">(IUSS Working Group WRB 2015)</a>.</li></ol>
Data for Torppa et al. 2023 'Soil moisture and fertility drive earthworm diversity in north temperate semi-natural grasslands'
<p>The dataset consists of the data that supports the findings of the article 'Soil moisture and fertility drive earthworm diversity in north temperate semi-natural grasslands' written by Torppa et al. and published in Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment in 2023. The data consists of earthworm community data and environmental data related to soil, vegetation, management and landscape, as well as accession numbers to the earthworm specimens in BOLD and GenBank.</p>
Supplementary digital data for "Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with Current Use Pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley"
<p>Supplementary digital data for the publication:</p> <p>Widespread contamination of soils and vegetation with Current Use Pesticide residues along altitudinal gradients in a European Alpine valley</p> <p>Data that was no publicly available but is used for Figure 1 - 3 in the manuscript is provided in this repository in addition to the raw data describing the occurrence in plant and soil matrices throughout the Vinschgau valley along the altitudinal transects.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: Uniqueness of tree stand composition and soil microbial communities are related across urban spruce-dominated forests
<p>The dataset contains data obtained from urban spruce-dominated forests in southern Finland where we have measured tree stand composition, forest management history, soil chemical properties, and soil microbial communities. Data files include (1) microbial OTU tables describing microbial community composition (sequence read counts of Operational Taxonomic Units) across the study plots, (2) taxonomic assignments and other metadata related to OTUs, and (3) measured and calculated variables describing the characteristics of sites and their microbial assemblages (site metadata).</p>
Data from: Abiotic legacies mediate plant-soil feedback during early vegetation succession on rare earth element mine tailings
<p>An increasing number of studies have shown how feedback interactions between plants and soil can influence primary and secondary succession. However, very little is known about the patterns and mechanisms of such plant-soil feedbacks on stressed mine tailings ecosystem, which can be severely contaminated by a range of toxic elements. </p> <p>In a two-phase plant-soil feedback experiment based on the rare earth element (REE) mine tailing soil, we investigated biotic (changes in bacterial and fungal community) and abiotic legacies (changes in chemical properties) of three pioneer grass species, and examined feedback effects of three grasses, two legumes and two woody plants with different root traits.</p> <p>Positive plant-soil feedback was found in Miscanthus sinensis, Paspalum thunbergii and Tephrosia candida, and neutral feedback was observed in other four plants. These effects corresponded with an increase of nutrients and total organic carbon, as well as a decrease of acidity and extractable aluminum and REEs. There were less signs of biotic changes in the conditioned tailings. </p> <p>The correlation analysis suggested a relationship between responses to soil legacies and root traits, as well as root economics spectrum. On the mine tailings, acquisitive species with higher specific root length appeared to have greater potential for positive feedback. </p> <p>Synthesis and application: Our study shows that early succession on contaminated REE mine tailings may lead to more positive plant-soil feedback than predicted based on results of non-contaminated soils, mainly due to the alleviation of abiotic stress in tailings. Therefore, the improvement of specific abiotic soil stress and the trait-based selection of acquisitive plants should be preferentially considered to promote the primary restoration of degraded land.</p>
Data from: Microbial carbon use efficiency and soil organic carbon stocks across an elevational gradient in the Peruvian Andes
<p>Soils of mountain ecosystems are one of the most vulnerable ecosystems to climate change, while the ecosystem services they produce are significant and currently at risk. High altitude soils contain high C stocks, but due to difficult access to sites these areas are understudied. Moreover, how the C and N cycling is changing in response to climate change in these ecosystems, is still unclear. Microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE) and its dependency on the environmental constraints along the altitudinal gradients is one important unknown factor. Here we present results from an altitudinal gradient study (3500 to 4500 m a.s.l.) from a Polylepis forest in the Peruvian Andes. We measured the soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and microbial metabolic CUE by <sup>13</sup>C glucose tracing and microbial resource use efficiency (CUE<sub>C</sub><sub>:</sub><sub>N</sub>) based on enzyme activity measurements. We expected to find an increase in SOC stock, microbial nutrient limitations, and lower CUE with elevation. SOC stocks depended on soil development and followed a unimodal curve that peaks at 4000 m in two of the three studied valleys. Neither <sup>13</sup>CUE nor CUE<sub>C:N</sub> changed significantly with altitude. Soil C:N ratio, β-glucosidase, chitinase, and phosphatase enzyme activities increased with elevation, but peroxidase activity decreased with elevation. We suggest that more labile organic matter left at high elevation could compensate for the increasing nutrient limitation at high elevation, resulting in no noticeable change in CUE with elevation.</p>
Data from: Plant-soil microbe feedbacks depend on distance and ploidy in a mixed cytotype population of Larrea tridentata
<p><strong>Premise of the study</strong></p> <p>Theory predicts that mixed ploidy populations should be short-lived due to strong fitness disadvantages for the rare ploidy. However, mixed ploidy populations are common, suggesting that the fitness costs for rare ploidies are counterbalanced by ecological benefits that emerge when rare. We investigated whether differences in ecological interactions with soil microbes help to maintain a tetraploid-hexaploid population of <em>Larrea tridentata </em>(creosote bush) in the Sonoran Desert, California, USA, where prior work documented ploidy-specific root-associated microbes.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p>We used a plant-soil feedback (PSF) experiment to test whether host-specific soil microbes can alter the outcomes of intra-ploidy vs. inter-ploidy competition. Host-specific soil microbes can build up over time; thus, distance from a host plant can affect the fitness of nearby plants.</p> <p><strong>Key results</strong></p> <p>Seedlings grown in soils from near plants of a different ploidy produced greater biomass relative to seedlings grown in soils from near plants of the same ploidy. Moreover, seedlings grown in soils from near plants of a different ploidy produced greater biomass than those grown in soils from further away from plants of a different ploidy. This suggests the ecological consequences of PSF may facilitate the persistence of mixed ploidy populations.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong></p> <p>This is the first evidence, to our knowledge, consistent with plant-soil microbe feedback as a viable mechanism to maintain the coexistence of multiple ploidy levels in a single population.</p>
Soil profile pits, carbon and vegetation data of an old Anogeissus grove in Mole National Park, Ghana
<p>Formation of forest islands in West Africa has been linked to anthropogenic soil improvement resulting in luxuriant tree growth in otherwise open savanna landscapes. However, there is limited understanding of how such unique ecosystems modulate soil carbon (C) dynamics and nutrient cycling. In this study, we report soil nutrient characteristics and two distinct soil organic carbon pools of Anogeissus grove (forest island) associated with abandoned village sites of the Mole National Park in the Guinea savanna or tropical continental climatic zone of Ghana, taking opportunity of a previously published study in Biotropica in 1978. We compared present-day differences in soil characteristics between the previously studied forest grove and adjoining open savanna in the Park and evaluated vegetation dynamics since first measurement in 1974. Overall, we see changes related to self-thinning and expansion of the grove on a decadal timescale. Soil organic matter and available phosphorus contents were greater in the grove and increased by 19.6 and 18.7%, respectively over time, showing persistence after four decades. Mineral associated organic carbon (MAOC) differed significantly (p<0.05) between the vegetation types, being 3.44% in the grove and 2.34% in the savanna. The grove was ca. 25% greater in particulate organic carbon (POC) content than the savanna. In both vegetation types, >55% of carbon was stabilized in the mineral fraction. Our study demonstrates long-term human impacts on soil and vegetation and offers a clear nature-based solution for climate change mitigation through sustainable land management by indigenous people towards achievement of the '4p1000' initiative.</p>
Data from: Manipulation of soil mycorrhizal fungi Influences floral display traits
<p>Most plants form root hyphal relationships with mycorrhizal fungi, especially arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). These associations are known to positively impact plant biomass and competitive ability. However, less is known about how mycorrhizae may impact other ecological interactions, such as those mediated by pollinators.</p> <p>We performed a meta-regression of studies that manipulated AMF and measured traits related to pollination, including floral display, rewards, visitation, and reproduction, extracting 63 studies with 423 effects.</p> <p>On average, the presence of mycorrhizae was associated with positive effects on floral traits. Specifically, we found impacts of AMF on floral display, pollinator visitation and reproduction, and a positive but non-significant impact on rewards. Studies manipulating mycorrhizae with fungicide tended to report contrasting results, possibly because fungicide destroys both beneficial and pathogenic microbes.</p> <p>Our study highlights the potential for relationships with mycorrhizal fungi to play an important, yet underrecognized role in plant-pollinator interactions. With heightened awareness of the need for a more sustainable agricultural industry, mycorrhizal fungi may offer the opportunity to reduce reliance on inorganic fertilizers. At the same time, fungicides are now ubiquitous in agricultural systems. Our study demonstrates indirect ways in which plant-belowground fungal partnerships could manifest in plant-pollinator interactions.</p>
Raw data: The novel gammaproteobacterial methanotroph "Ca. Methylocalor cossyra" CH1 actively coexists with verrucomicrobial methanotrophs in acidic and hot geothermal soil
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