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Fig. 2 in First record of an infection by tissue cyst-forming coccidia in wild vizcachas (Lagostomus maximus, Rodentia) of Argentina

Fig. 2. Cysts localized in adult brain and in an embryonic pituitary gland of plains vizcachas. Representative photomicrographs of histological sections of adult brains of infected vizcachas. Black arrowhead indicates a solitary tissue cyst in the striatum (A). A detailed view shows signs of inflammatory cells infiltration (arrow) (B). Silver impregnation staining allows visualization of the wall of a cortical tissue cyst (white arrowhead)(C). Embryonic pituitary exhibited multiple of cysts per section (black arrowheads) (D). Arrows indicate the radial arrangement of bradyzoites in the cyst wall in a detailed view of the embryo pituitary (E). A–B: Giemsa staining. C: silver impregnation technique. D–E: hematoxilin-eosin staining.

Fig. 2 in Evaluation of haemoparasite and Sarcocystis infections in Australian wild deer

Fig. 2. Total number of deer samples collected in eastern Australia between March 2018 and November 2019.

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Fig. 1 in First record of an infection by tissue cyst-forming coccidia in wild vizcachas (Lagostomus maximus, Rodentia) of Argentina

Fig. 1. Tissue cysts in various organs of plains vizcachas. Representative photomicrographs of histological sections of ovary (A–B), uterus (C), mammary gland (D), adrenal (E), spleen (F), and suspension of cysts recovered from the superficial fascia (G), all of them collected from infected adult vizcachas. Suspension of cysts recovered from amniotic sac of an infected embryo (H). Note that while the ovaries, mammary glands, superficial fascia and fluid from amniotic sac show a high density of cysts, the rest of the organs tend to show only one or very few cysts per section. White arrowheads indicate corpora lutea and black arrowheads indicate tissue cysts. A, B, C, E and F: hematoxilin-eosin staining. D: Masson's trichrome staining.

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Fig. 3 in First record of an infection by tissue cyst-forming coccidia in wild vizcachas (Lagostomus maximus, Rodentia) of Argentina

Fig. 3. Morphology of the tissue cyst recorded in plains vizcachas. Mammary gland photomicrograph illustrating a tissue cyst with a thick wall made up of a collagen fibers outer layer and the inner layer consisting of nucleated host cells enclosing thousands of spindle-shaped bradyzoites (Bz). Inset: the bradyzoites showed a conoidal (anterior) and a nonconoidal (posterior) end where the nucleus is located, and they exhibit cluster arrangements where they are ordered parallel to each other. Masson's trichrome staining.

Fig. 3 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 3. Visualization of fat reserves in the bone marrow of femur (row 1), knee joint (row 2), vertebral canal (row 3), orbital cavity (row 4), and heart surface (row 5). The three categories used are illustrated from left to right: clearly visible white and stiff fat (+); low amounts of visible fat with a soft consistency (+÷); absence of visible fat (serous adipose atrophy) (÷). All figures are from wild reindeer calves killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015, except for the heart to the bottom right which is from a moose that died from winter starvation.

Fig. 6 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 6. Photograph from the inside of the skin showing Hypoderma tarandi larvae removed from the lower part of the back of a calf killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015.

Fig. 9 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 9. Calculated mean air temperature (◦C) in the main summer pasture area of the Hardangervidda wild reindeer population for individual summers (June–August) 1989–2018. The summers of 2014 and 2015 are marked with a black circle. The dotted horizontal line shows the mean (7.4 ◦C) for the 30- year-period.

Fig. 5 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 5. Cephenemyia trompe larvae in the pharynx/nasopharynx of a calf killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015. Note the paired, swollen retropharyngeal lymph nodes (Ln).

Fig. 4 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 4. Translucent white first stage Cephenemyia trompe larvae (1 mm) in the nasal mucosa of a calf killed on Hardangervidda in autumn 2014.

Fig. 10 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 10. Calculated number of summer days (June–August) with a mean air temperature ≥12 ◦C in the main summer pasture area of the wild reindeer population on Hardangervidda. The figure shows the mean and range for the 30-year period 1989–2018, and the mean for individual years 2014 and 2015 as well as for the five years with a higher mean temperature than in 2014.

Fig. 8 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 8. Group of adult hair-thin, about 3–5 cm long Elahostrongylus rangiferi nematodes in the muscle fascia of a calf killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015.

Fig. 1 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 1. Map of southern Norway showing the location of the 24 Norwegian wild tundra reindeer populations. The Hardangervidda population (No. 16) is marked with brighter tan.

Fig. 2 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 2. Kernel Density Analysis, visualizing the main pasture area of radio-collared females in the wild reindeer population in Hardangervidda during June, July, and number of GPS positions recorded. Calculated center at UTM 32V: 426706–6650377 and average altitude at 1283m. The center in the previously used summer area with an asterisk. The red lines represent summer trails for hikers marked by the Norwegian Tourist Association. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure of this article.)

Fig. 7 in High winter loads of Oestrid larvae and Elaphostrongylus rangiferi are associated with emaciation in wild reindeer calves

Fig. 7. Verminous pneumonia in a calf killed on Hardangervidda in spring 2015. Numerous confluent granulomas containing Elaphostrongylus rangiferi eggs and hatched first stage larvae. Haematoxylin and eosin stain. Bar, 100 μm.

Fig. 5 in Gastrointestinal parasites of a reintroduced semi-wild plains bison (Bison bison bison) herd: Examining effects of demographic variation, deworming treatments, and management strategy

Fig. 5. The average sum of FECs counts by year, demonstrating and increasing trend in FECs between 2015 and 2019. Black horizontal lines denote median values, while the top and bottom of boxes denote the upper and lower interquartile ranges (75th and 25th percentiles). Extending "whiskers" denote values of 1.5 times the interquartile range; points outside of this range constitute outliers.

Fig. 4 in Gastrointestinal parasites of a reintroduced semi-wild plains bison (Bison bison bison) herd: Examining effects of demographic variation, deworming treatments, and management strategy

Fig. 4. The sum of FECs counted per gram of individual bison, demonstrating variation FECs between and among individuals. Black horizontal lines denote median values, while the top and bottom of boxes denote the upper and lower interquartile ranges (75th and 25th percentiles). Extending "whiskers" denote values of 1.5 times the interquartile range; points outside of this range constitute outliers.

Fig. 3 in Gastrointestinal parasites of a reintroduced semi-wild plains bison (Bison bison bison) herd: Examining effects of demographic variation, deworming treatments, and management strategy

Fig. 3. The sum of FECs types, including "STRONGs" (Strongyle-type), "COCCs" (Coccidia), "NEMAs" (Nematodirus), "TRICHs" (Trichuris), "MONs" (Moniezia) counted per gram of sample from bison of various age classes. Ages classes included "NC" (New Calf; 0–1), "YR" (Yearling; 1–2), "JA" (Juvenile to Adult Transition; 2–4), "YA" (Young Adult; 4–6), "PA" (Peak Adult; 6–9), "MA" (Mature Adult; 9+). Black horizontal lines denote median values, while the top and bottom of boxes denote the upper and lower interquartile ranges (75th and 25th percentiles). Extending "whiskers" denote values of 1.5 times the interquartile range; points outside of this range constitute outliers.

Fig. 2 in Gastrointestinal parasites of a reintroduced semi-wild plains bison (Bison bison bison) herd: Examining effects of demographic variation, deworming treatments, and management strategy

Fig. 2. The sum of FECs counted per gram of sample from bison of various age classes, including "NC" (New Calf; 0–1), "YR" (Yearling; 1–2), "JA" (Juvenile to Adult Transition; 2–4), "YA" (Young Adult; 4–6), "PA" (Peak Adult; 6–9), "MA" (Mature Adult; 9+). Black horizontal lines denote median values, while the top and bottom of boxes denote the upper and lower interquartile ranges (75th and 25th percentiles). Extending "whiskers" denote values of 1.5 times the interquartile range; points outside of this range constitute outliers.

Fig. 1 in Gastrointestinal parasites of a reintroduced semi-wild plains bison (Bison bison bison) herd: Examining effects of demographic variation, deworming treatments, and management strategy

Fig. 1. Aerial image of the Crane Trust bison pastures. The smaller North metapopulation was continuously grazed in the Visitor Center ("VC" – 50 acres) pasture (outlined in pink). The larger South metapopulation was rotated through Ruge-South Brown ("RS" – 387 acres) pasture (outlined in orange), Calving-Office ("CO" – 267 acres) pasture (outlined in yellow), and North Meadow ("NM" – 177 acres) pasture (outlined in green). The North (orange) and South (pink) metapopulation pastures were separated by a minimum distance of 200 m, including an 80 m channel of the Platte River. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Lungworms (Metastrongylus spp.) and intestinal parasitic stages of two separated Swiss wild boar populations north and south of the Alps: Similar parasite spectrum with regional idiosyncrasies

Fig. 2. Wild boar lung with massive trauma after bullet penetration and visible bone fractures (A), dense nodule of the lobus caudalis dexter (B), and accumulation of nematodes in a bronchus (C).