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FIGURE 6 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 6. Centistidea flavostigmata Ranjith & Priyadarsanan sp. nov., holotype, female A) metasoma, lateral view; B) metasomal tergites 1–3, dorsal view; C) propodeum and metasoma, dorsal view; D) wings, E) antennae.

FIGURE 4 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 4. Centistidea burwelli Ranjith & Priyadarsanan sp. nov. holotype, female A) metasoma, lateral view; B) metasoma, dorsal view; C) wings.

FIGURE 12 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 12. Centistidea nyeringensis Ranjith & Priyadarsanan sp. nov. holotype, female A) metasoma, lateral view; B) metasoma, dorsal view; C) wings.

FIGURE 8 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 8. Centistidea furca Ranjith & van Achterberg gen. et sp. nov., holotype, female A) metasoma, lateral view; B) metasoma, dorsal view; C) wings.

FIGURE 5 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 5. Centistidea flavostigmata Ranjith & Priyadarsanan sp. nov., holotype, female A) habitus, lateral view; B) head, anterior view; C) head, dorsal view; D) head and mesosoma, lateral view; E) mesosoma, dorsal view; F) propodeum, dorsal view.

FIGURE 2 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 2. Rugosimirax expectata Ranjith & van Achterberg gen. et sp. nov., holotype, female A) propodeum, dorsal view; B) mesosoma, oblique view; C) metasoma, lateral view; D) metasoma, dorsal view; E) metasomal tergites 1–3, dorsal view; F) wings.

FIGURE 1 in A new genus in the braconid subfamily Miracinae from the Oriental region, with descriptions of seven new species from India and Sri Lanka

FIGURE 1. Rugosimirax expectata Ranjith & van Achterberg gen. et sp. nov., holotype, female A) habitus, lateral view; B) head, anterior view; C) head, dorsal view; D) antennae; E) head and mesosoma, lateral view; F) mesosoma, dorsal view.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

dryad32/100

Passive electroreception in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: implication for micro- and large-scale orientation

For the two dolphin species Sotalia guianensis and Tursiops truncatus, it was shown that the vibrissal crypts located on the rostrum represent highly innervated, ampullary electroreceptors and that both species are correspondingly sensitive to weak electric fields. For a comparative assessment of the sensitivity of the bottlenose dolphin's electroreceptive system, we determined detection thresholds for DC and AC electric fields with two bottlenose dolphins. In a psychophysical experiment, the animals were trained to respond to electric field stimuli using the go/no-go paradigm. We show that bottlenose dolphins are able to detect DC electric fields as low as 2.4 &[mu]V cm -1 and 5.5 &[mu]V cm -1, respectively, a detection threshold in the same order of magnitude as those in the platypus and the Guiana dolphin. Detection thresholds for AC fields (1, 5, and 25 Hz) were generally higher than those for DC fields, and the sensitivity for AC fields decreased with increasing frequency. Although the electroreceptive sensitivity of dolphins is lower than that of elasmobranchs, it is suggested that it allows orientation at micro and large scales. In dolphins pursuing benthic foraging strategies, electroreception may facilitate short-range prey detection and target-oriented snapping of their prey. Furthermore, we discuss that the ability to detect weak electric fields may enable dolphins to detect the Earth's magnetic field through induction-based magnetoreception, thus allowing large-scale orientation.

opennotspecifiedAug 2023View details →

FIGURES 7–10. 7–9 in Four new species of Indasclera Švihla from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera Oedemeridae)

FIGURES 7–10. 7–9: Indasclera pusilla n. sp., holotype. 7: habitus (dorsal view); 8: tegmen; 9: aedeagus. 10: Indasclera thailandica n. sp., holotype, habitus (dorsal view).

opennotspecifiedAug 2023View details →

FIGURES 1–6. 1–3 in Four new species of Indasclera Švihla from the Oriental Region (Coleoptera Oedemeridae)

FIGURES 1–6. 1–3: Indasclera bipartita n. sp., holotype. 1: habitus (dorsal view); 2: tegmen; 3: aedeagus. 4–6: Indasclera hajeki n. sp., holotype. 4: habitus (dorsal view); 5: tegmen; 6: aedeagus.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Video demonstration of the Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: MLMC); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: MHOL) behaviour elements in the Minimally interactive group for Korcsok and Korondi (2023), Biologia Futura

The video demonstrates the behaviour elements: Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: MLMC); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: MHOL) in the minimally interactive experimental group, as exhibited by a social robot. The video is part of an ethogram cataloguing the behaviour elements of the robot, described in the publication: How do you do the things that you do? - Ethological approach to the description of robot behaviour submitted to Biologia Futura (2023) by Korcsok, B. and Korondi, P.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Video demonstration of the Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: ILMC); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: IHOL) behaviour elements in the Interactive group for Korcsok and Korondi (2023), Biologia Futura

The video demonstrates the behaviour elements: Moving to checkpoint (behaviour element ID code: ILMC); and Head orientation during locomotion (behaviour element ID code: IHOL) in the interactive experimental group, as exhibited by a social robot. The video is part of an ethogram cataloguing the behaviour elements of the robot, described in the publication: How do you do the things that you do? - Ethological approach to the description of robot behaviour submitted to Biologia Futura (2023) by Korcsok, B. and Korondi, P.

Fig. 4 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 4. Product analysis of LoTPS4 produced from GGPP and FPP. (a) GC-MS analysis (ion chromatogram) of the LoTPS4 enzyme product from GGPP. (b) GC-MS analysis (ion chromatogram) of products obtained from assays with LoTPS4 and FPP. (c, d, e, f) Mass spectra of Peak 1, Peak 2, Peak 3 and Peak 4. Di-epi-α-cedrene (Peak 1), α-cubebene (Peak 2): trans-α-bergamotene (Peak 3) and (E)-β-farnesene (Peak 4).

Fig. 3 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 3. (a) GC-MS analysis of products produced from assays with extracts of the empty vector and GPP. (b) Analysis (total ion chromatogram) of the product of the LoTPS4 enzyme generated from GPP (c) Total ion chromatogram of the D-limonene authentic standard. (d) Mass spectrum of the Peak 3 (e) Mass spectrum of Dlimonene in the floral scent of Lilium 'Siberia' (f) Mass spectrum of the D-limonene authentic standard (g, h, I and j) Mass spectra of Peak 1, Peak 2, Peak 4 and Peak 5. β-Phellandrene (Peak 1), β-myrcene (Peak 2), D-limonene (Peak 3), 3-Carene (Peak 4) and (+)-4-Carene (Peak 5).

Fig. 10 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 10. Subcellular localization of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4. Confocal laser scanning microscopy of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 was performed by using EGFP fusion proteins in Arabidopsis protoplasts. The full-length coding region and the N-terminal 80 amino acids of the coding region of LoTPSs were fused to the GFP reporter gene in the p35 S vector to generate the p35 S-LoTPSs/GFP construct. The red column shows chlorophyll autofluorescence; the green column shows GFP fluorescence; the merged columns show combined GFP fluorescence and chlorophyll autofluorescence; and the BF columns represent bright field images. The names of the constructs are given on the left. HcTPS7 from H. coronarium was used as a marker. Scale bars: 5 μm. (For interpretation of the references to color in this figure legend, the reader is referred to the Web version of this article.)

Fig. 2 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 2. GC-MS analysis of products generated by LoTPS2. (a) GC-MS analysis (total ion chromatogram) of the products obtained by incubating extracts of the empty vector (control) with geranyl pyrophosphate. (b) GC-MS analysis (total ion chromatogram) of the LoTPS2 enzyme with GPP. (c) GC–MS analysis (total ion chromatogram) of the LoTPS2 enzyme with farnesyl pyrophosphate showing (E, E)-α- farnesene as the sole product. (d) Mass spectrum of the peak. (e) Mass spectrum of (E, E)-α-farnesene in the NIST08 library.

Fig. 7 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 7. Relative expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 during different flower development performed by quantitative real-time PCR. (a, b) Transcript levels of the LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 genes during flower development. (c, d) Relative expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 at different flower developmental stages. Flower development was divided into 5 different stages: D1 (bud stage), D2 (little open), D3 (half open), D4 (full-bloom), D5 (senescence). GAPDH was used as an internal control. The root was set as 1. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 3).

Fig. 8 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 8. Relative expression analysis of LoTPS genes and the emission of (E, E)-α-farnesene and D-limonene from Lilium 'Siberia' at different time intervals. (a, b) Expression pattern of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 for 3 days postanthesis. (c) Emission pattern of (E, E)-α-farnesene from Lilium 'Siberia' (d) Emission pattern of D-limonene from Lilium 'Siberia' flowers over 3 days after full-bloom. The plants were kept under a 12 h light, 12 h dark photoperiod. GAPDH was used as an internal control. Each point is the average of 3 replicates.

Fig. 6 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 6. (a) A labeled diagram of a fullbloom Lilium 'Siberia' flower. (b) Pictorial view of Lilium 'Siberia' flowers at different flower developmental stages.

Fig. 5 in Molecular cloning, characterization and expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 involved in floral scent formation in oriental hybrid Lilium variety 'Siberia'

Fig. 5. Relative gene expression analysis of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 in floraland vegetative tissues of Lilium 'Siberia' (a) relative expression levels of LoTPS2 in different tissues of Lilium 'Siberia' (b) Relative expression levels of LoTPS4 in different tissues of Lilium 'Siberia' analyzed by qRT-PCR. (c, d) Relative expression levels of LoTPS2 and LoTPS4 in full-bloom flowers of different Lilium species. GAPDH was used as an internal control. The highest expression level was set as 1 (100%). Lon: Longiflorum; Bru: Brunello; Sib: Siberia; Aca: Acapulco; Sor: Sorbonne; Man: Manissa. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 4).