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Fig. 2 A in Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate

Fig. 2 A Manhattan plot of the V. arizonica genome showing markers associated with bacterial load. The plot denotes each of the 19 chromosomes for haplotype 1. Each circle represents a SNP with a corresponding p value, based on EMMAX genome-wide association analysis. The 25 SNPs that were detected in two separate GWA analyses are circled in red and define the 8 peaks of association, which are numbered as P1, P2, etc., and referred to in the text. In addition to SNPs, the locations of significantly associated kmers and CNVs are provided when they overlap with a SNP-defined peak. The colored horizontal lines represent the cut-off p-values (P <0.05, Bonferroni corrected) for the different marker types. Significant (P <0.05, Bonferroni corrected) kmers and CNVs are represented by red and blue triangles, respectively.

Fig. 1 Vitis arizonica sampling and phenotypes. A in Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate

Fig. 1 Vitis arizonica sampling and phenotypes. A map of the Southwestern United States and Northern Mexico indicates sampling locations of the n = 167 V. arizonica accessions used in this study. The color of sample locations (circles) are colored according to their resistance phenotype, as measured by bacterial load (CFU/mL). The histogram of phenotypes (in CFU/mL) is to the right of the map. Map generation relied on information from GADM, a publicly available database (http:gadm.org).

Fig. 5 in Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate

Fig. 5 Relationships among resistance, genetic markers and bioclimatic data. a The estimated relative importance, from GF modeling, of each of the bioclimatic variables tested. The y-axis is a measure of the importance of various variables to explain the model - i.e., the relative importance of each bioclimatic variable for predicting changes in allele frequency across the landscape. Each boxplot denotes the average inferred importance of the bioclimatic variable, with the whiskers plotting the standard deviation of 1000 separate analyses (gray dots). BIO8 was estimated to have the biggest impact on the model in all 1000 analyses. b The turnover function showing the temperature range of BIO8 on the x-axis and the change in the genetic composition on the y-axis. The circles represent individuals that are colored by resistance (gray) or susceptible (white). c Individual predictors in a linear model to predict resistance levels (CFU/ml). The label score_ref represents sets of 1000 randomly chosen sets of 25 SNPs; K1 and K2 are the proportion of the assignments to each admixture group for each individual. The other predictors include bioclimatic variables and genomic data, as listed in the text, each evaluated 1000 times with bootstrapped datasets. Each boxplot reports the second and third quartiles, with median values in the square and circles showing outliers. The barplot whiskers report standard deviation, and the dashed horizontal line reflects the median value of 1000 replicates of the Rpd score. d The density distribution of BIO8 for a global database of locations of Xylella fastidiosa detection.

Fig. 4 in Multigenic resistance to Xylella fastidiosa in wild grapes (Vitis sps.) and its implications within a changing climate

Fig. 4 The presence of resistance and susceptibility kmers in different data sets. a Analyses within the V. arizonica sample set. The top-left graph indicates the 99 different resistance (R-kmers) kmers across the x-axis, with their detection frequency across the resistant (CFU/mL <13) accessions. The top-right graph plots the average detection frequency of susceptibility kmers (S-kmers). The bottom-left and bottom-right graph are similar, they but show R-kmer and S-kmer detection frequencies among susceptible accessions. b The same graphs as in A, but the top graphs plot R-kmer and S-kmer detection frequencies for the five V. vinifera cultivars bred for PD resistance by backcrossing to V arizonica, while the bottom graphs represent susceptible V. vinifera cutlivars. c. Plots of kmer frequencies in six Vitis species. The species phylogeny is shown on the left, with the average detection frequency of R-kmers shown in red dot. The gray dots represent average detection frequencies of randomly chosen kmers that had similar population frequencies in V. arizonica as the set of R kmers. Whiskers denote 95% confidence intervals.

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2023View details →

Is Your Wallet Snitching On You? An Analysis on the Privacy Implications of Web3

A dataset containing the results of our study on quantifying Web3 privacy violations such as Web3-based browser fingerprinting and wallet address leakage to third-parties by DApps and wallet extensions.

opennotspecifiedNov 2019View details →

Fig. 1 in The mitochondrial genomes of ladybird beetles and implications for evolution and phylogeny

Fig. 1. Organizational maps of the 13 new mitogenomes sequenced in this study. Genes labelled above the line are transcribed in the same direction from left to right, while genes labelled below the line are transcribed in the same direction from right to left. The genes and intergenic spacers are scaled to their length in the mitogenome. Abbreviations: I, transfer RNA specifying Isoleucine; Q, transfer RNA specifying Glutamine; M, transfer RNA specifying Methionine; W, transfer RNA specifying Tryptophan; C, transfer RNA specifying Cysteine; Y, transfer RNA specifying Tyrosine; K, transfer RNA specifying Lysine; D, transfer RNA specifying Aspartic acid; L2, transfer RNA specifying Leucine, codon recognized by UUR; G, transfer RNA specifying Glycine; A, transfer RNA specifying Alanine; R, transfer RNA specifying Arginine; N, transfer RNA specifying Asparagine; S1, transfer RNA specifying Serine, codon recognized by AGN; E, transfer RNA specifying Glutamic acid; F, transfer RNA specifying Phenylalanine; H, transfer RNA specifying Histidine; T, transfer RNA specifying Threonine; P, transfer RNA specifying Proline; S2, transfer RNA specifying Serine, codon recognized by UCN; L1, transfer RNA specifying Leucine, codon recognized by CUN; V, transfer RNA specifying Valine; cox1, cox2, cox3, cytochrome oxidase subunits I, II, III; cob, cytochrome b apoenzyme; nad 1–6, 4L, NADH dehydrogenase subunits 1–6, 4L; atp6, atp8, ATP synthase subunits 6, 8; rrnL, large ribosomal subunit; rrnS, small ribosomal subunit; CR, the putative control region.

opennotspecifiedNov 2019View details →

Fig. 5 in The mitochondrial genomes of ladybird beetles and implications for evolution and phylogeny

Fig. 5. Ancestral state reconstructions of food preferences based on the PCGRNA-ML tree performed under Mesquite using parsimony method. Probabilities of character states are presented at nodes with pie diagrams.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2023View details →

High-time-resolution chemical composition and source apportionment of PM2.5 in northern Chinese cities: implications for policy

Three real-time measurement campaigns were conducted in Xi’an, Shijiazhuang, and Beijing to investigate the chemical characteristics and source contributions of PM2.5 and explore the formation progress of heavy pollution for policy implications.  Chemeical components  of PM2.5 including OA, NO3-, SO42-, NH4+, Cl-, BC, and elements were monitored by  Q-ACSM, AE33, and Xact, respectively.  The results show that chemical compositions of PM2.5 in the three cities are all dominated by organic aerosol (OA) and nitrate (NO3-). And results of source apportionment analyzed by the hybrid environmental receptor model (HERM) show that the secondary nitrate plus sulfate contributed higher to PM2.5 compared to other primary sources. Morevoer, the potential formation mechanisms of secondary aerosol in three cities were further explored by establishing the correlations between secondary nitrate plus sulfate and aerosol liquid water content (ALWC), and Ox (O3 + NO2). The results show that photochemical oxidation and aqueous-phase reaction were two important pathways of secondary aerosol fromation. Additionally, this study compared the changes in chemical composition and source contributions of PM2.5 in past decades, and suggested that not only the activities of clean energy replacements for the rural household is urgently enhanced to reduce the primary source emissions in northern China, but also collaborative control ozone and particulate matter need to be contiouslty promoted to weaken the atmosphere oxidation capacity for reducing secondary aerosol formation.

opencc-by-4.0May 2023View details →

Replication package for: Market Power in Coal Shipping and Implications for U.S. Climate Policy

This package contains all code necessary to reproduce the figures and tables in: Preonas, Louis (forthcoming). "Market Power in Coal Shipping and Implications for U.S. Climate Policy." Review of Economic Studies. The README document contains detailed instructions for conducting a full replication (from raw data), or for only replicating the analysis presented in the paper's figures and tables.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Scalar flux profiles in the unstable atmospheric surface layer under the influence of large eddies: Implications for eddy covariance flux measurements and the non-closure problem

This dataset contains the data used in the submitted manuscript of Liu, Liu, Huang, Desai, Zhang, Ghannam, and Katul 2023. Please refer to the manuscript for the detailed description of the dataset.

Figure 6 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 6. Fossilized soft parts released from the demineralized tendons of Homalocephale calathocercos (A, C–E) and Edmontosaurus regalis (B, F–P). The sample of H. calathocercos (A) and E. regalis (B) during demineralization. Note the presence of tubular structures released from the mineral phosphate matrix of the fossilized tendons. Dense network of blood vessels forming a mesh-like structure with thicker and thinner vessel-like tubes adjacent to the surface sheath of the partially demineralized tendon of H. calathocercos, visible in: C, transmitted light; D, SEM image (yellow asterisk indicate spot for EDS survey); E, EDS spectrum collected from the blood vessel-like structures reveals the presence of alumino-silicates (Al, Si, O) as the main components; F, tubular structure resembling blood vessels released during the demineralization process; G, the surface of the tubular structure released after demineralization, note the presence of

Figure 5 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 5. Structure of Homalocephale calathocercos tendons: A, a colour-scaled topographic image of surface of an individual vascular canal in the tendon (depth profiling); B, reflected light microscopic image of one of the examined vascular canals with lines expressing depth profiles (not to scale); C–H, detailed AFM images of one of the fibre bundles (fascicles) demonstrated in lock-in-amplitude (C, E, G) and lock-in-phase (D, F, H) images; I, AFM topographical image presenting fibre bundles and four measuring profiles; J, surface topology of one of the measure profiles (no. 2 in I) suggesting periodicity of about 24 nm expressed in tip displacement (Supporting Information, Data S2).

Figure 3 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 3. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Pinacosaurus grangeri: A, cross-section of a larger tendon from the specimen with three associated tendons; B, C, centre of the large, single tendon showing extensive secondary remodelling under normal (B) and polarized (C) light; D, secondary remodelling close to the periphery of the same tendon under transmitted polarized light alpha-compensation mode; E, interfascicular spaces between secondary osteons surrounded by cement lines; F, higher magnification of interfascicular spaces. Note that the fascicles and interfascicular spaces appear to be present in primary tissue only. Green arrows (A–E) mark secondary osteons, orange arrows (E, F) point to cement lines, red arrows (B, C, E, F) indicate interfascicular spaces, and yellow (A, B) point at bone cell lacunae.

Figure 1 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 1. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Edmontosaurus regalis: A, B, ground section (transverse) of the smaller tendon under transmitted normal light (A) and polarized light alpha-compensation mode (B) exhibiting primary organization of tissue; C, D, ground section (transverse) of the periphery (C) (under transmitted normal light) and centre (D) (under polarized light) of the larger tendon; E, circular backscatter detector (CBS-SEM) image of the etched surface of the tendon shows structures interpreted as vascular canals with vessel-like morphology and attached cell-like structures, well visible branched protrusions (red arrow) are also visible; F, CBS-SEM image longitudinal section of the vessel-like canals with cell-like structures attached to the wall (blue arrow). White arrows indicate young Haversian canals, green mark secondary osteons, and yellow point at bone cell lacunae.

Figure 2 in The first record of fossilized soft parts in ossified tendons and implications for the understanding of tendon mineralization

Figure 2. Light microscopy and SEM of petrographic thin sections and etched surfaces of fossilized ornithischian tendons of Homalocephale calathocercos: A, B, general view of the cross-sectioned tendon under transmitted normal (A) and polarized (B) light; C, close-up of the middle of the tendon showing a lattice-like pattern of the coarse collagenous fibre bundles under polarized light; D, close-up of secondary osteons with poorly marked cement lines; E, close-up of the periphery of the tendon under normal light; F, longitudinal section of the tendon under polarized light showing the herringbone-like pattern; G, cross-sectioned tendon in the SEM. Green arrows mark primary osteons, yellow arrow points bone cell lacunae, red asterisk indicate secondary osteons.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

Oxidation of a commercial antioxidant is driving increasing atmospheric abundance of a novel organophosphate ester: Implication for global regulation

Data presented in the manuscript "Oxidation of a commercial antioxidant is driving increasing atmospheric abundance of a novel organophosphate ester: Implication for global regulation" by Liu et al. (2023).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2022View details →

Negligible fractionation between fluorine and chlorine during magma ocean crystallization and implications for the origin of Earth's volatiles

Research data underlying all figures in the main text  and supplementary material .

dryad32/100

Passive electroreception in bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus: implication for micro- and large-scale orientation

For the two dolphin species Sotalia guianensis and Tursiops truncatus, it was shown that the vibrissal crypts located on the rostrum represent highly innervated, ampullary electroreceptors and that both species are correspondingly sensitive to weak electric fields. For a comparative assessment of the sensitivity of the bottlenose dolphin's electroreceptive system, we determined detection thresholds for DC and AC electric fields with two bottlenose dolphins. In a psychophysical experiment, the animals were trained to respond to electric field stimuli using the go/no-go paradigm. We show that bottlenose dolphins are able to detect DC electric fields as low as 2.4 &[mu]V cm -1 and 5.5 &[mu]V cm -1, respectively, a detection threshold in the same order of magnitude as those in the platypus and the Guiana dolphin. Detection thresholds for AC fields (1, 5, and 25 Hz) were generally higher than those for DC fields, and the sensitivity for AC fields decreased with increasing frequency. Although the electroreceptive sensitivity of dolphins is lower than that of elasmobranchs, it is suggested that it allows orientation at micro and large scales. In dolphins pursuing benthic foraging strategies, electroreception may facilitate short-range prey detection and target-oriented snapping of their prey. Furthermore, we discuss that the ability to detect weak electric fields may enable dolphins to detect the Earth's magnetic field through induction-based magnetoreception, thus allowing large-scale orientation.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

opennotspecifiedJul 2023View details →

FIGURE 4. 55–72 in Taxonomic implications of leaf epidermal characteristics in subfamily Caesalpinioideae (Leguminosae)

FIGURE 4. 55–72 light micrographs representing anticlinal wall, shape of epidermal cell, stomata and stomatal pore of abaxial surface of 55. Bauhinia purpurea; 56. Bauhinia tomentosa; 57. Caesalpinia pulcherrima; 58. Cassia fistula; 59. Cassia javanica; 60. Cassia roxburghii; 61. Delonix regia; 62. Guilandina bonduc; 63. Hardwickia binata; 64. Libidibia coriaria; 65. Lysiphyllum hookeri; 66. Parkinsonia aculeata; 67. Peltophorum pterocarpum; 68. Phanera retusa; 69. Phanera vahlii; 70. Saraca asoca; 71. Senna alata; 72. Senna obtusifolia.