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Immediate Transcriptional Changes in Response to High Dose Radiation Exposure

One of the most likely risks astronauts on long duration space missions face is exposure to ionizing radiation associated with highly energetic and charged heavy (HZE) particles. Since access to medical expertise on such a mission is limited at best, early diagnosis and mitigation of such exposure is critical. In order to accurately determine the dosage within 1 hour post-exposure, dose-dependent biomarkers are needed. Therefore, we performed a dose-course transcriptional analysis for radiation exposure at 0, 0.3, 1.5, and 3.0 Gy with corresponding time point at 1 hour (hr) post-exposure using Affymetrix GeneChip Human Gene 1.0 ST v1 Array chips. The analysis of our data suggests a set of sensitive genetic biomarkers specific to each radiation level as well as generic radiation response biomarkers. Upregulated biomarkers can then be used within lab-on-a-chip (LOC) systems to detect exposure to ionizing radiation. A total of sixteen human samples representing radiation exposure at levels 0 Gy, 0.3 Gy, 1.5 Gy and 3.0 Gy at time point 1 hour (hr) post-exposure were constructed. Blood samples were extracted from four human volunteers, and were irradiated. Leukocytes were extracted, and gene expression was measured. Samples for all four volunteers were measured at 1 hr for all four dose levels, resulting in four replicates at each dose level. Thus, a total of 4 samples at each of the four radiation levels were sampled, yielding the total of 16 samples.

WISE 3-Band Cryo Single Exposure (L1b) Source Table

The WISE 3-Band Cryo Single Exposure (L1b) Source Table contains positions and photometry in the 3.4, 4.6 and 12 μm bands for 3,703,319,374 sources extracted from observations made during the WISE 3-Band Cryo survey phase, 6 August 2010 through 29 September 2010. WISE scanned approximately 30% of the sky during this period when the telescope and focal planes operated at a slightly higher temperature, but were still cooled by solid hydrogen in the inner cryogen tank.

Gene expression in human peripheral blood 48 hours after exposure to ionizing radiation

Analysis of human peripheral blood 48 hours after irradiation ex vivo with graded doses of gamma rays. Results have been used in building and testing classifiers to predict exposure dose for use in radiological triage and also provide insight into immune cell responses. Results were compared with those from earlier times and from patients exposed in vivo. Peripheral blood from 5 healthy donors was exposed ex vivo to 0. 0.5 2 5 or 8 Gy gamma-rays and gene expression was analyzed up to 48 hours after exposure.

NEOWISE-R Single Exposure (L1b) Source Table

The Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Reactivation Mission (NEOWISE; Mainzer et al. 2014, ApJ, 792, 30) is a NASA Planetary Science Division space-based survey to detect, track and characterize asteroids and comets, and to learn more about the population of near-Earth objects that could pose an impact hazard to the Earth. NEOWISE systematically images the sky at 3.4 and 4.6 μm, obtaining multiple independent observations on each location that enable detection of previously known and new solar system small bodies by virtue of the their motion. Because it is an infrared survey, NEOWISE detects asteroid thermal emission and is equally sensitive to high and low albedo objects.The Single-exposure Source Database is a compendium of position and flux information for source detections made on the individual NEOWISE 7.7s W1 and W2 Single-exposure images. Because NEOWISE scanned the same region of the sky multiple times, the Single-exposure Database contains multiple, independent measurements of objects. Positions, magnitudes in the two NEOWISE bands, astrometric and photometric uncertainties, flags indicating measurement quality, the time of observations and associations with the AllWISE Source Catalog and 2MASS Point Source Catalog are presented for entries in the Database.

37-Day microgravity exposure in 16-Week female C57BL/6J mice during the NASA Rodent Research 1 mission is associated with bone loss specific to weight-bearing skeletal sites (femur and vertebrae, micro computed tomography)

Exposure to weightlessness in microgravity and elevated space radiation are associated with rapid bone loss in mammals, but questions remain about their mechanisms of action and relative importance. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that bone loss during spaceflight in Low Earth Orbit is primarily associated with site-specific microgravity unloading of weight-bearing sites in the skeleton. Microcomputed tomography and histological analyses of bones from mice space flown on ISS for 37 days in the NASA Rodent Research-1 experiment show significant site-specific cancellous and cortical bone loss occurring in the femur, but not in L2 vertebrae. The lack of bone degenerative effects in the spine in combination with same-animal paired losses in the femur suggests that space radiation levels in Low Earth Orbit or other systemic stresses are not likely to significantly contribute to the observed bone loss. Remarkably, spaceflight is also associated with accelerated progression of femoral head endochondral ossification. This suggests the microgravity environment promotes premature progression of secondary ossification during late stages of skeletal maturation at 21 weeks. Furthermore, mice housed in the NASA ISS Rodent Habitat during 1g ground controls maintained or gained bone relative to mice housed in standard vivarium cages that showed significant bone mass declines. These findings suggest that housing in the Rodent Habitat with greater topological enrichment from 3D wire-mesh surfaces may promote increased mechanical loading of weight-bearing bones and maintenance of bone mass. In summary, our results indicate that in female mice approaching skeletal maturity, mechanical unloading of weight-bearing sites is the major cause of bone loss in microgravity, while sites loaded predominantly by muscle activity, such as the spine, appear unaffected. Additionally, we identified early-onset of femoral head epiphyseal plate secondary ossification as a novel spaceflight skeletal unloading effect that may lead to premature long bone growth arrest in microgravity. This study derives results from femur and vertebrae using the micro computed tomography assay.

restrictednotspecifiedJun 2025View details →

Exposure to elevated relative humidity in laboratory chambers alters fungal gene expression in dust from the International Space Station (ISS)

Microbes are present in all occupied indoor environments, including the International Space Station (ISS). An unexpected ventilation system failure may lead to microbial and fungal growth that is associated with material degradation or negative health effects. There is a need for improved understanding of fungal function when exposed to moisture in indoor spaces. A de novo metatranscriptomic study was performed using dust collected from within the ISS. After returning to Earth, dust was incubated in laboratory chambers to simulate relative humidity conditions of 50%, 85%, or 100% equilibrium relative humidity (ERH) for 1-week. Changes in fungal function (gene expression) were associated with moisture exposure. Genes associated with secondary metabolism and fungal growth were significantly upregulated (p ≤ 0.001, log2FC ≥ 2) at elevated RH conditions (85% or 100% ERH). Elevated moisture conditions showed an increased expression of mycotoxin and fungal allergen genes such as Asp f 4 and Alt a 7 (log2FC ≥ 5). These results demonstrate that understanding microbial gene expression in response to elevated moisture will help improve microbial monitoring standards for confined spacecraft environments and help protect astronaut health and spacecraft integrity.

Gene expression in blood of mice with internal exposure to Cs-137

Cesium-137 is a radionuclide of concern in fallout from reactor accidents or nuclear detonations. When ingested or inhaled it can expose the entire body for an extended period of time potentially contributing to serious health consequences ranging from acute radiation syndrome to increased cancer risks. In order to identify changes in gene expression that may be informative for detecting such exposure and to begin examining the molecular responses involved we have profiled global gene expression in mice injected with 137CsCl. We extracted RNA from the blood of control or 137CsCl-injected mice at 2 3 5 20 or 30 days after exposure. Gene expression was measured using Agilent Whole Mouse Genome Microarrays and the data was analyzed using BRB-ArrayTools. Three-month old male C57Bl/6 mice were injected intraperitoneally with 8.0 xc2 xb1 0.3 MBq 137CsCl solution in a volume of 50 xce xbcL or left as controls. Groups of treated and control mice were sacrificed at intervals during the first 2-30 days after exposure and total blood was collected using cardiac puncture. RNA was extracted from the blood globin-transcript reduced and subjected to whole genome expression microarray analysis.

Gene responses in mouse brain to long-term exposure to microgravity

The spaceflight experiment was carried out using male C57BL/10J mice (8 weeks old at launch). Wild type mice (n=3) were launched by Space Shuttle Discovery and housed on the International Space Station (ISS) for 91 days. They returned to the Earth by Space Shuttle Atlantis. But only one mouse returned to the Earth alive. Whole brain was sampled from the mouse killed by inhalation of carbon dioxide at the Life Sciences Support Facility of Kennedy Space Center within 3-4 hours after landing. After the spaceflight experiment the on-ground experiment was also carried out at the Advanced Biotechnology Center in Genova Italy. A mouse with the same species sex and age was housed in mice drawer system (MDS) which was utilized for the spaceflight (SF) mice for 3 months as the ground control (GC). Another mouse was housed in normal vivarium cage as the laboratory control (LC). Amount of food and water supplementation and environmental conditions were simulated as the flight group. After 3 months brain was sampled from one mouse in group GC and LC respectively. Comprehensive analyses of gene expression were performed in the right brain. Total of 4,000 genes were analyzed. The expression levels of 60 genes significantly changed in response to SF compared with LC and/or GC. The 15 and 16 genes were up- (> 2 folds) and down-regulated (< 0.5 folds) respectively following SF vs. GC. The levels of 58 genes were significantly altered by housing in MDS in space and/or on the ground. Forty seven and 11 genes were significantly up- and down-regulated vs. LC. Twenty seven out of these genes responded to caging in MDS both in space and on the ground. Further 31 genes were influenced by housing in MDS on the Earth. Responses of the characteristics of brain to long-term gravitational unloading were investigated in mice.

NEOWISE-R Single Exposure (L1b) Frame Metadata Table

The Near-Earth Object Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer Reactivation Mission (NEOWISE; Mainzer et al. 2014, ApJ, 792, 30) is a NASA Planetary Science Division space-based survey to detect, track and characterize asteroids and comets, and to learn more about the population of near-Earth objects that could pose an impact hazard to the Earth. NEOWISE systematically images the sky at 3.4 and 4.6 μm, obtaining multiple independent observations on each location that enable detection of previously known and new solar system small bodies by virtue of the their motion. Because it is an infrared survey, NEOWISE detects asteroid thermal emission and is equally sensitive to high and low albedo objects.The following table contains brief descriptions of all metadata information that is relevant to the processing of Single-exposure (level 1) images and the extraction of sources from the corresponding Single-exposure images. The table contains the unique scan ID and frame number for specific each single-exposure image and the reconstructed right ascension and declination of the image center. Much of the information in this table is processing-specific, and may not be of interest to general users (e.g. flags indicating whether frames have been processed or not, and the date and time for starting of the pipeline etc). The metadata table also contains some characterization and derived statistics of the Single-exposure image frames, basic parameters used for photometry and derived statistics for extracted sources and artifacts. For example, it contains the number of sources with profile-fit photometry Signal-to-Noise (SNR) greater than 3, and the total number of real sources affected by artifacts such as latent images and electronic ghosts.

Exposure of zebrafish larvae to relative microgravity between 5-6 days post-fertilization

The general objective of the study was to determine modulation of gene expression by environmental factors with a special emphasis on bone formation. For this reason the specific period of treatment was chosen between 5-6 days post-fertilization (dpf) when bone formation and calcification are taking place. This experiment was designed as a new type of gravitational experiment which we like to call relative microgravity referring to the fact that the larvae first grow in hyper gravity for 5 days and are then returned to 1g normal gravity for 1 day. Zebrafish embryos were placed on a Large Diameter Centrifuge at 3 hpf brought to a gravitational force of 3 g until 5 dpf. Reference embryos were kept in parallel at 1g (Inc). At 5dpf one batch was left at 3g (3g) one batch was returned to 1g (3g>1g) while a third batch was returned to 1g but left on the axis of the centrifuge (Axe; 3g>Axe). The experiment was repeated 4 times each time with 4 batches of 60 larvae.

Exposure to ionizing radiation induced persistent gene expression changes in mouse mammary gland

Six to eight week old female C57BL/6J mice were exposed to 2 Gy of whole body xce xb3 radiation and mammary glands were surgically removed 2-month after radiation. RNA was isolated and microarray hybridization performed for gene expression analysis. 5 samples were analyzed: 2 controls at 2 months 1 2 Gy at 2 months and 2 7 Gy at 2 months

Transcription profiling of Drosophila after exposure to microgravity in the International Space Station and in a microgravity simulator

Larvae-Pupae transition flies (Drosophila) were recovered and transport for 3 days at 12-14C to arrest development until the launch site then exposed to RT (18-20C) for some hours including the launch and trip to the International Space Station then pupae were exposed to microgravity in the ISS for 4 days and a half at 22C. Finally pupae were fixed on acetone and frozen until recovery on Earth. Four groups of samples: 1 ISS (+ground control) as described 2 RPM (microgravity simulator on Earth) as described 3 RPM without constrains (No MAMBA container and only 5 days exposure without cold transport) and 4 centrifuge 10g without constrains control.

Expression profiling of murine lung 70 days following exposure to fractionated or acute dose of 1.0 Gy 56Fe- particle irradiation

Irradiation of the K-rasLA1 mouse model with a fractionated dose of 1.0Gy 56Fe- particles increases the incidence of invasive carcinoma compared to unirradiated controls or those irradiated with an acute dose. Microarray profiling was perfromed on whole lungs from K-rasLA1 mice in order to determine global expression changes in the lung following radiation exposure. RNA was extracted from K-rasLA1 lungs from unirradiated control animals or those irradiated with a fractionated or acute dose of 1.0Gy 56Fe- particles 70 days post-irradiation when lungs are still histologically indistiguishable and only contain benign lesions. 129S2 K-rasLA1 mice were either irradiated with an acute (1.0Gy x1; n = 15) or fractionated (0.2Gy x5; n=13) dose of 1.0Gy 56Fe- particles or left unirradiated (n=13). Animals were euthanized 70 days post-irradiation and RNA was extracted from the whole left lung of each animal.

Elevated plus-maze performance of Fischer-344 rats as a function of age and of exposure to 56Fe particles

The aging process is characterized by a series of changes in neurochemical functioning and in motor and cognitive performance. In addition to changes in cognitive/behavioral performance, aged rats also show an increase in baseline anxiety measured using the elevated plus maze. Exposure to 56Fe particles, a component of cosmic rays, produces neurochemical and behavioral changes in young animals which are characteristic of aged organisms. The present study was designed to determine the relationships between aging and exposure to 56Fe particles on anxiety. Fischer 344 (F344) rats, which were 2, 7, 12, and 16 months of age at the time of irradiation, were exposed to 56Fe particles (50 to 200 cGy). Concordant with previous results, the oldest rats spent less time exploring the open arms of the maze. Exposure to 56Fe particles also produced decreased exploration of the open arms of the plus maze. The dose needed to produce increased levels of anxiety was a function of age at the time of irradiation. The dose of 56Fe particles needed to produce a decrease in open arm exploration was significantly lower in the rats that were irradiated at 7 and 12 months of age than in the rats irradiated at 2 months of age. These results suggest the possibility that exposing middle aged astronauts to cosmic rays during exploratory class missions outside the magnetosphere, and the resultant effects on exploration induced anxiety, may affect their ability to successfully complete mission requirements. This dataset derives results from the Elevated Plus Maze assay. The data derived from this study are from the behavioral assays Novel Object Recognition and Operant Conditioning (bar press). The original data derived from this study by Rabin et al. was transformed and used as part of a predictive modeling study by Dr. Mora, Dr. Wyrobek, Dr. Ben Brown et al. The study files contain both the original data and the transformed data produced by both research teams. For questions regarding the original study data and methods/assays, please contact the original study investigator and publication author Dr. Bernard Rabin (rabin@umbc.edu). For questions about the predictive modeling data files or how they were generated, please contact Dr. Mora (animora@berkeley.edu).

NEOWISE 2-Band Post-Cryo Single Exposure (L1b) Source Table

The NEOWISE Post-Cryo Single-exposure Source Database contains 7,337,642,955 measurements of positions and brightness information, uncertainties, time of observation and assorted quality flags made on the individual WISE 7.7s (W1 and W2) Single-exposure images. Because WISE scanned every point on the sky multiple times, the Single-exposure Database contains multiple, independent measurements of objects on the sky.Entries in the Single-exposure Source Database include detections of real astrophysical objects, as well as spurious detections of low SNR noise excursions, transient events such as hot pixels, charged particle strikes and satellite streaks, and image artifacts light from bright sources including the moon. Many of the unreliable detections are flagged in the Single-exposure Database, but they have not been filtered out as they were for the All-Sky Release Source Catalog. Therefore, the Database must be used with caution. Users are strongly encouraged to read the Cautionary Notes before using the Database.

Exposure of zebrafish larvae to 3g and 5g hyper gravity between 5-6 days post-fertilization.

The general objective of the study was to determine modulation of gene expression by environmental factors with a special emphasis on bone formation. For this reason the specific period of treatment was chosen between 5-6 days post-fertilization (dpf) when bone formation and calcification are taking place. Zebrafish larvae were placed at 5 dpf into a Large Diameter Centrifuge and brought to a gravitational force of 3g or 5g for 24 hours. We show that this treatment causes a clear increase of bone formation as illustrated by cranial skeleton staining of the bone matrix by Alizarin Red by morphometric analysis of the resulting images and by gene expression studies of selected genes. Thus a whole genome micro-array experiment was conducted to identify genes that may be involved in the observed effect on bone formation.

openGEO-OpenFeb 2023View details →

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse liver reveals nonparenchymal cells' intricate responses to PCB126 exposure

GEO Series GSE190084. Mus musculus. 2 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.

openGEO-OpenSep 2023View details →

Sequential Exposure to Interleukin-21 and Interleukin-15 During Human Natural Killer Cell Expansion Optimizes Yield and Function

GEO Series GSE234384. Homo sapiens. 28 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.

openGEO-OpenAug 2023View details →

Transcriptomic study of NR8383 rat macrophages cells following exposure to carbon black (Printex 90)

GEO Series GSE156694. Rattus norvegicus. 4 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.