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FIGURE 4 in New taxa of Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam and supplemental data for T. patula

FIGURE 4. Peliosanthes yunnanensis: A. Flowering plant. B. Inflorescence. C. Bract and bracteole. D. Flattened flower. E. Corona, transversal section, view from below. F. Flower, sagittal section. G. Flower and ovary, transversal section. Different morphological forms of Tupistra fungilliformis s.l.: H–J. Plant habit (H—N.Q. Hieu et al., CPC 4967; I—N.S. Khang, NSK 517; J—L. Averyanov et al., CPC 7576). K–P. Inflorescences and flowers (K—L. Averyanov et al., CPC 7576; L—L. Averyanov et al., HAL 8577; M—D.K. Harder et al., DKH 6057; N, O—N.S. Khang, B.H. Quang, NSK 817; P—N.T. Hiep et al., HAL 9729). All photos by N.S. Khang and L. Averyanov, correction and design by L. Averyanov.

FIGURE 1. Peliosanthes hirsuta. A. Flowering plant. B. Inflorescence. C in New taxa of Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam and supplemental data for T. patula

FIGURE 1. Peliosanthes hirsuta. A. Flowering plant. B. Inflorescence. C. Portion of rachis with floral bracts subtending a pedicel. D. Flattened floral bract and bracteole. E. Flower, side (left) and frontal (right) view. F. Flowers with flattened tepals, frontal (left) and rear view (right). G. Flower, sagittal section. H. Ovary, view from above. I. Ovary, side views. J. Ovary, transversal section at base (below) and in middle part (above). K, L. Separated singular carpels, adaxial views. All drawn from the type –E. Konstantinov, K-305 by L. Averyanov and T. Maisak.

FIGURE 2 in New taxa of Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam and supplemental data for T. patula

FIGURE 2. Peliosanthes hirsuta sp. nov. A, B. Flowering plant. C. Inflorescence. D. Flower buds and flowers. E. Flattened plant. F. Inflorescence. G. Rachis with floral bracts (bract and bracteole), flowers removed. H. Bract and bracteole. I. Flowers, side view. J. Flowers, sagittal sections. K. Transversal section of perigone tube with intact ovary, side view (left) and view from above (right). L. Basal portion of flower in transversal section, showing basal portion (left; with ovules) and apical portion (right) of ovary. Photos of E. Konstantinov and L. Averyanov, correction and design by L. Averyanov [A–E—photos from the type E. Konstantinov K-305; F-L—photos from paratype Averyanov et al, LA-VN 840].

FIGURE 6. Tupistra patula. Digital epitype, N.S in New taxa of Peliosanthes and Tupistra (Asparagaceae) in the flora of Laos and Vietnam and supplemental data for T. patula

FIGURE 6. Tupistra patula. Digital epitype, N.S. Khang et al., NSK 845. Photos, correction and design by L. Averyanov.

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FIGURE 2 in Tuber griseolivaceum sp. nov., a new olive-gray truffle species from China based on morphological and DNA data

FIGURE 2. Tuber griseolivaceum (BJTC FAN469, holotype). a. Ascomata. b–c. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of ascospore. d–f. Light micrograph (LM) of asci and ascospores.

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FIGURE 1 in Tuber griseolivaceum sp. nov., a new olive-gray truffle species from China based on morphological and DNA data

FIGURE 1. Phylogram generated in RAxML after a maximum likelihood analysis of ITS sequences of T. griseolivaceum and related species. T. canaliculatum and T. macrosporum served as outgroups. Values next to nodes represent ML bootstrap values and Bayesian posterior probability values (left to right). Novel sequences are printed in bold.

FIGURE 5 in Aster oliganthus (Asteraceae, Astereae), a new species from western Sichuan, China, based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 5. Aster oliganthus (from the holotype). A, Habit; B, Apex of a middle cauline leaf; C. A ray floret; D. A disc floret; E–I. Phyllarie (outer surface) in 5 series from the outermost to the inmost; J. Opened synantherous stamens (inside surface) of a disc floret; K. Stigma branches and style of a disc floret. Drawn by Gen-Shen Yin.

FIGURE 4 in Aster oliganthus (Asteraceae, Astereae), a new species from western Sichuan, China, based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 4. Phylogenetic relationships among Aster oliganthus and other sampled Aster species based on nrDNA ITS-ETS sequence data. Bootstrap support values (1,000 replicates) for maximum parsimony (MP≥50 %, right) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (PP≥0.90, left) are provided above the branches. The tree is rooted to Callistephus chinensis and Myriactis nepalensis.

FIGURE 3 in Aster oliganthus (Asteraceae, Astereae), a new species from western Sichuan, China, based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 3. Micrographs of somatic metaphase chromosomes (A) and the karyotype (B) of Aster oliganthus (Scale bar = 10 μm).

FIGURE 2. Aster oliganthus. A in Aster oliganthus (Asteraceae, Astereae), a new species from western Sichuan, China, based on morphological and molecular data

FIGURE 2. Aster oliganthus. A. Synflorescence (Mt. Erlangshan, Sichuan, China); B. Stigma branches and style (left) and the inside of opened synantherous stamens (right) of a disk floret; C. Disk floret (left) and ray floret (right); D. Habit (Mt. Erlangshan, Sichuan, China); E. A plant with falcate cauline leaves and long rhizomes.

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of Chalciporus (Boletaceae) from southern China revealed by morphological characters and molecular data

FIGURE 2. Basidiomata of Chalciporus. a–d. Chalciporus citrinoaurantius (a–b: from GDGM44776, holotype!; c–d: from GDGM44480); e–f. Chalciporus hainanensis (GDGM44464, holotype!). Bars = 2 cm. Photos by: Ming Zhang.

FIGURE 4 in Two new species of Chalciporus (Boletaceae) from southern China revealed by morphological characters and molecular data

FIGURE 4. Microscopic characters of Chalciporus hainanensis (GDGM44464, holotype!). a. Basidiospores; b. Pleurocystidia; c. Basidia; d. Pileipellis. Drawings by: Ming Zhang.

FIGURE1 in Two new species of Chalciporus (Boletaceae) from southern China revealed by morphological characters and molecular data

FIGURE1. Phylogenetic analysis of Chalciporus species inferred from Maximum Likelihood (ML) analysis of lsu+tef1-α+rpb2 sequences are shown. Bootstrap values (ML ≥ 70%) and Bayesian posterior probabilities (BPP ≥ 0.95) are shown around branches. The two new species' sequences are indicated in bold face. Questionable sequences are marked with quotation marks.

FIGURE 3 in Two new species of Chalciporus (Boletaceae) from southern China revealed by morphological characters and molecular data

FIGURE 3. Microscopic characters of Chalciporus citrinoaurantius (GDGM44476, holotype!). a. Basidiospores; b. Basidia; c. Pleurocystidia; d. Pileipellis. Drawings by: Ming Zhang.

FIGURE 3 in Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

FIGURE 3. Phylogenetic analysis based on 149 sequences of the 16S rRNA gene showing position of the genera Phormidesmis and Leptodesmis. Strains described in this study are 1,081 bp of the 16S rRNA gene were used for phylogenetic comparisons. Branch support values are shown as Bayesian posterior probability, Maximum Likelihood, and Neighbor Joining bootstrap values, respectively. Asterisk (*//) indicate a Bayesian posterior probability of 1.00 as same as values 100 for ML and NJ, values smaller than 0.5 or 50 % are not shown. Bold type indicate strains used in this study.

FIGURE 5 in Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

FIGURE 5. Ultrastructure of three species of Phormidesmis with characteristic position of thylakoids arranged more or less parallel in a parietal position withtheir wide sheaths: A, B—P. nigrescens (A—three filaments in one sheath), C, D—P. arctica, E, F—P. communis. A, C, E—cross sections of filaments, B, D, F—longitudinal sections of filaments. Scale bar = 1μm (A), and 0.5 μm (B–F).

FIGURE 6 in Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

FIGURE 6. Shape of colonies. A—Leptodesmis paradoxa (6 weeks old), B—Phormidesmis arctica (3 weeks old), C—Phormidesmis communis (6 weeks old), D—Phormidesmis nigrescens (3 week old), E—Phormidesmis nigrescens (9 weeks old), F—Phormidesmis priestleyi (6 weeks old). Arrow indicates the brownish color of colonies which can be commonly found in natural populations under high light.

FIGURE 2 in Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

FIGURE 2. Drawings of four species of the genus Phormidesmis: A—P. arctica, B—P. communis, C—P. priestleyi, D—P. nigrescens. Scale bar = 10μm.

FIGURE 4 in Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

FIGURE 4. Geographic distribution of Phormidesmis and Leptodesmis species according to their sampling sites obtained from 98 Genbank sequences.

FIGURE 1 in Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

FIGURE 1. Microphotographs of different strains that illustrate the morphological variability of four species of the genus Phormidesmis: A–E P. nigrescens, F–I P. priestleyi, J–N P. communis, O–T P. arctica, and U–Z Leptodesmis paradoxa. Scale bar = 10μm.