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1,723 results for “Alpine”
Precipitation, rather than temperature drives coordination of multidimensional root traits with ectomycorrhizal fungi in alpine coniferous forests
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Data from: Effects of an experimental increase in flow intermittency on an alpine stream
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Data from: ‘In and out of’ the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the Himalayas: centers of origin and diversification compared across five clades of Eurasian montane and alpine passerine birds
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The pollination ecology and mouthpart morphology of a pollen-feeding fly <em>Incurviseta</em> cf. <em>maculifrons</em> (Diptera: Lauxaniidae) in the Australian Alpine
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Warming reduces mid-summer flowering plant reproductive success through advancing fruiting phenology in an alpine meadow
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Genetic admixture between Central European and Alpine wolf populations
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Trace gas emissions from alpine tundra soils: Gas concentration data.
Trace gas samples were collected from 3 alpine tundra vegetation community types (dry meadow, moist meadow, wet meadow) on Niwot Ridge during the summer months of 1992 and 1993. In addition, samples were collected from a set of control and nitrogen amended plots in both dry and wet meadow community types. Soil temperatures were measured in conjunction with the trace gas sampling.
Alpiner Ortsnamen Gazeteer/Mountaineering Place Name Gazeteer
<p>The unified gazetteer for this project was derived from 6 sources named here as local gazetteers. Entries from these gazeteers were automatically matched to the Alpenwort Corpus, its Table of Content and to the OeAV Photo Index. All matches where integrated in the file "mount_place_name_gaz.txt". For these 6 gazetteers a matching of the place types present in these gazetteers to broader categories was performed and the matching is in the file "gaz_union_thes.txt".</p> <p>details on semanticmountain.at</p>
FIGURE 16 in New species of Microdispidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand
FIGURE 16. Premicrodispus (Premicrodispulus) secundus sp. nov., female: A—right leg III in dorsal view, B—right leg IV in dorsal view.
FIGURE 12 in New species of Microdispidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand
FIGURE 12. Premicrodispus (Premicrodispus) novaezealandicus sp. nov., female: A—right leg III in dorsal view, B—right leg IV in dorsal view.
FIGURE 5 in New species of Microdispidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand
FIGURE 5. Promicrodispus bisetus sp. nov., female: A—dorsum of the body, B—venter of the body. Legs omitted.
FIGURE 3 in New species of Microdispidae (Acari: Heterostigmata) from alpine New Zealand
FIGURE 3. Phyllodispus tenuisetus sp. nov., female: A—left leg I in dorsal view, B—left leg II in dorsal view.
FIGURES 6–9 in Pagastia (P.) donoliveri sp. nov. - a new Nearctic alpine stream chironomid species (Diptera: Chironomidae: Diamesinae) from the Beartooth Mountains, Wyoming U.S. A.
FIGURES 6–9. Pagastia (P.) donoliveri sp. nov., male. 6–7, parts of hypopygium in dorsal view; 8, apex of anal point with peg; 9, gonostylus.
Data from: Differential impacts of nitrogen addition on rhizosphere and bulk-soil carbon sequestration in an alpine shrubland
<p><span><span>1. Due to complex root-soil interactions, the responses of carbon (C) dynamics in the rhizosphere to elevated nitrogen (N) deposition may be different from those in bulk soil. However, the potentially different response of C dynamics in the rhizosphere and bulk soils and their contributions to soil C sequestration under N deposition is still not elucidated.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>2. We conducted an N addition experiment in an alpine shrubland dominated by <i>Sibiraea angustata</i> located on the eastern Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). We measured the soil organic C (SOC) contents and density fractions in the rhizosphere and bulk soils in the top 15 cm of mineral soil and then employed a numerical model based on the rhizosphere extent to evaluate how the rhizosphere modulates soil C sequestration under N addition. We also measured the microbial gene abundance and C-acquisition enzyme activities to assess microbial community responses to N addition.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>3. The results showed that nitrogen addition had opposite effects on the rhizosphere and bulk-soil C stocks. Specifically, N addition decreased the rhizosphere SOC content through increasing bacterial abundance, β-glucosidase activity, and thus accelerating the loss of free light fraction C (FLF-C). However, N addition increased the bulk-soil C content, which was corresponding with the reduced oxidase activities and the accelerated accumulation of heavy fraction C (HF-C) under N addition. Numerical model analysis showed that the decrease induced by N addition in rhizosphere SOC stock ranged from 0.11 to 3.01 kg C m<sup>-2</sup> as root exudation diffusion distance extended from 0.5 mm to 2 mm, while the corresponding increase in the bulk-soil C stock ranged from 1.91 to 4.08 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>. By synthesizing the dynamics of the SOC stocks in these two soil compartments under N addition, the SOC stock at the ecosystem level exhibited an increase in range of 0.73-2.44 kg C m<sup>-2</sup>.</span></span></p> <p><span><span>4. <i>Synthesis</i> Our results suggest that alpine shrublands on the eastern QTP have great potential for soil C sequestration under N deposition, and the magnitude of the sequestration would depend closely on the responses of rhizosphere microbial C processes and the rhizosphere extent. Our results highlight the importance of integrating rhizosphere processes into land surface models to accurately predict ecosystem functions in the background of elevated N deposition.</span></span></p>
Multi-event capture-recapture analysis in Alpine chamois reveals contrasting responses to interspecific competition, within and between populations
<p>1. Understanding components of interspecific competition has long been a major goal in ecological studies. Classical models of competition typically consider equal responses of all individuals to the density of competitors, however responses may differ both among individuals from the same population, and between populations.</p> <p>2. Based on individual long-term monitoring of two chamois populations in sympatry with red deer, we built a multi-event capture-recapture model to assess how vital rates of the smaller chamois are affected by competition from the larger red deer.</p> <p>3. In both populations, mortality and breeding probabilities of female chamois depend on age and in most cases, of breeding status the preceding year. Successful breeders always performed better the next year, indicating that some females are of high quality. In one population where there was high spatial overlap between the two species, the survival of old female chamois that were successful breeders the preceding year (high-quality) was negatively related to an index of red deer population size suggesting that they tend to skip reproduction instead of jeopardizing their own survival when the number of competitors increases. The breeding probability of young breeders (ages 2 and 3) was similarly affected by red deer population size. In contrast, in the second site with low spatial overlap between the two species, the vital rates of female chamois were not related to red deer population size.</p> <p>4. We provide evidence for population-specific responses to interspecific competition and more generally, for context-, age- and state-dependent effects of interspecific competition.</p> <p>5. Our results also suggest that the classical assumption of equal responses of all individuals to interspecific competition should be relaxed, and emphasize the need to move towards more mechanistic approaches to better understand how natural populations respond to changes in their environment.</p>
Data from: Functional implications of the specialized staminal appendages in alpine ginger (Roscoea spp.: Zingiberaceae)
<p>Floral organs are widely believed to enhance the pollination and reproductive success of angiosperms. However, the functional implication of some floral structures is still unknown. In this study, we explored the functional role of staminal appendages on male and female fitness of Himalayan Roscoea spp. and tested if their function differed between species with biotic pollination and autonomous selfing. Phenotypic manipulation is a powerful approach to test the functional effect of a particular trait on plant fitness. We compared various proxies of pollination success between intact flowers and flowers with manually-excised staminal appendages. We found that the rate of visitation did not differ between intact and manipulated flowers. Our results revealed that in outcrossing Roscoea spp. the staminal appendages act as triggering devices to facilitate pollen release and deposition and also to manipulate the foraging position of pollinators to ensure both male and female fitness. In contrast, in autonomously selfing Roscoea spp., the removal of staminal appendages did not affect any aspect of pollination processes. Our results suggest that the staminal appendages are an integral component of outcrossing in Roscoea spp., and are maintained by selection pressure through both male and female fitness. This study provides important insights on how variation in breeding systems can provoke changes in the structure and function of floral organs among congeners.</p>
Data from: Associations between habitat quality, body size, and reproductive fitness in the alpine endemic spider Vesubia jugorum
Aim. In theory, the highest-quality habitat across a species' range should support individuals with the highest fitness, making it possible to evaluate the outputs of species distribution models (SDM) by exploring the relation between habitat quality and functional traits related to species' fitness. However, this relation has been tested almost exclusively in plants. We investigated the degree to which morphological and reproductive traits of an alpine spider varied along a gradient of habitat quality projected via species distribution models. Location. Southwestern Alps (France and Italy) Time period. 2007–2018 Major taxa studied. Vesubia jugorum (Arachnida: Araneae: Lycosidae) Methods. We used climatic, topographical and geomorphological variables at a resolution of 250 m to model habitat quality for V. jugorum, with multiple algorithms (generalized additive models, boosted regression trees, and maximum entropy models). We collected spiders in the field and measured their body size and egg-case size (a functional trait related to reproductive success). We tested the relation between functional traits and habitat quality with linear mixed models. Results. All SDM algorithms we tested fit the data well, with similar explanatory ability. Models revealed a positive relation between the probability of presence and cumulative precipitation and percentage of rock. An additional important variable in the SDMs was duration of snow coverage, with optimal projected habitat quality between 40 and 100 days/year with snow. Modeled habitat quality was positively associated with maximum body and egg-case size. Main conclusions. Our work provides evidence of a positive association between projected habitat quality and traits of a terrestrial invertebrate. A model that fits the data well potentially can be used to predict variations in species' traits, thus offering an experimental test of SDM projections with field-collected data. We encourage SDM users to incorporate data on functional traits into their modeling fitting exercises.
Data from: Climate and soil nutrients differentially drive multidimensional fine root traits in ectomycorrhizal‐dominated alpine coniferous forests
<ol> <li><span><span>Fine root traits vary greatly with environmental changes, but the understanding of root-trait variation and its drivers is limited over broad geographical scales, especially for ectomycorrhizal (ECM)-dominated conifers in alpine forests. Herein, the covariation patterns of and environmental controls for fine root traits among ECM-dominated conifers were examined to test whether and how climate and soil nutrients differentially affect fine root trait variations.</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Eight traits of first- and second-order roots were measured, i.e., root diameter (RD), specific root length (SRL), branching intensity (BRI), root tissue density (RTD), mycorrhizal colonization rate (MCR), and concentrations of carbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P), across 76 alpine coniferous populations on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, China.</span></span></li> <li><span><span>Our results showed that variations of the fine root traits fell into two major dimensions: the first dimension (32.39% of the total variance) was mainly represented by RD and SRL, potentially conveying a tradeoff between root lifespan and efficiency of resource foraging; the second dimension (23.70% of the variance) represented coordinated variation for root nutrients (i.e., N and P) and RTD, which depicts the conservation-acquisition tradeoff in resource uptake, i.e., root economic spectrum (RES). Variations in RD and SRL were mainly driven by climatic variables, characterized by a significant increase in RD and a decrease in SRL with increasing mean annual precipitation. In contrast, variations in fine root nutrients (i.e., N and P) and RTD were primarily driven by soil fertility, showing a significant increase in root N and P concentrations but a decrease in RTD with increasing soil resource levels.</span></span></li> <li><span><span><i>Synthesis. </i>Our study clearly shows two distinct dimensions of the variation of fine root traits in ECM-dominated alpine coniferous forests, providing further evidence of the inherent multidimensionality of root traits. Moreover, our findings highlight different roles of climatic and soil variables in driving the variation of fine root traits, potentially leading to the multidimensionality of root traits. This study provides new insights for understanding and predicting shifts in plant belowground strategies in climate-sensitive alpine forests worldwide.</span></span></li> </ol>
Data from: Synergistic effects of nitrogen and CO2 enrichment on alpine grassland biomass and community structure
<p>Global environmental change is altering Earth's ecosystems. However, much research has focused on ecosystem-level responses, and we know substantially less about community-level responses to global change stressors.<br> <br> Here we conducted a 6-year field experiment in a high-altitude (4600 m above sea level) alpine grassland on the Tibetan Plateau to explore the effects of nitrogen (N) addition and rising atmospheric CO2 concentration on plant communities.<br> <br> Our results showed that N and CO2 enrichment had synergistic effects on alpine grassland communities. Adding nitrogen or CO2 alone did not alter total community biomass, species diversity, or community composition, whereas adding both resources together increased community biomass, reduced species diversity, and altered community composition. The observed decline in species diversity under simultaneous N and CO2 enrichment was associated with greater community biomass and lower soil water content, and driven by the loss of species characterized simultaneously by tall stature and small specific leaf area.<br> <br> Our findings point to the co-limitation of alpine plant community biomass and structure by nitrogen and CO2, emphasizing the need for future studies to consider multiple aspects of global environmental change together to gain a more complete understanding of their ecological consequences.</p>
Data from: Genomic signatures of convergent adaptation to Alpine environments in three Brassicaceae species
<p>It has long been discussed to what extent related species develop similar genetic mechanisms to adapt to similar environments. Most studies documenting such convergence have either used different lineages within species or surveyed only a limited portion of the genome. Here, we investigated whether similar or different sets of orthologous genes were involved in genetic adaptation of natural populations of three related plant species to similar environmental gradients in the Alps. We used whole-genome pooled population sequencing to study genome-wide SNP variation in 18 natural populations of three Brassicaceae (<i>Arabis alpina, Arabidopsis halleri, </i>and<i> Cardamine resedifolia</i>) from the Swiss Alps. We first <i>de novo</i> assembled draft reference genomes for all three species. We then ran population and landscape genomic analyses with ~3 million SNPs per species to look for shared genomic signatures of selection and adaptation in response to similar environmental gradients acting on these species. Genes with a signature of convergent adaptation were found at significantly higher numbers than expected by chance. The most closely related species pair showed the highest relative over-representation of shared adaptation signatures. Moreover, the identified genes of convergent adaptation were enriched for non-synonymous mutations, suggesting functional relevance of these genes, even though many of the identified candidate genes have <i>hitherto</i> unknown or poorly described functions based on comparison with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana.</i> We conclude that adaptation to heterogeneous Alpine environments in related species is partly driven by convergent evolution, but that most of the genomic signatures of adaptation remain species-specific.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.