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6,861 results for “Animals”
Data from: Estimating abundance of an open population with an N-mixture model using auxiliary data on animal movements
Accurate assessment of abundance forms a central challenge in population ecology and wildlife management. Many statistical techniques have been developed to estimate population sizes because populations change over time and space, and to correct for the bias resulting from animals that are present in a study area but not observed. The mobility of individuals makes it difficult to design sampling procedures that account for movement into and out of areas with fixed jurisdictional boundaries. Aerial surveys are the gold standard used to obtain data of large mobile species in geographic regions with harsh terrain, but these surveys can be prohibitively expensive and dangerous. Estimating abundance with ground based census methods have practical advantages, but it can be difficult to simultaneously account for temporary emigration and observer error to avoid biased results. Contemporary research in population ecology increasingly relies on telemetry observations of the states and locations of individuals to gain insight on vital rates, animal movements, and population abundance. Analytical models that use observations of movements to improve estimates of abundance have not been developed. Here we build upon existing multi-state mark recapture methods using a hierarchical N-mixture model with multiple sources of data, including telemetry data on locations of individuals, to improve estimates of population sizes. We used a state-space approach to model animal movements to approximate the number of marked animals present within the study area at any observation period, thereby accounting for a frequently changing number of marked individuals. We illustrate the approach using data on a population of elk (Cervus elaphus nelsoni) in Northern Colorado, USA. We demonstrate substantial improvement compared to existing abundance estimation methods and corroborate our results from the ground based surveys with estimates from aerial surveys during the same seasons. We develop a hierarchical Bayesian N-mixture model using multiple sources of data on abundance, movement and survival to estimate the population size of a mobile species that uses remote conservation areas. The model improves accuracy of inference relative to previous methods for estimating abundance of open populations.
Universal metabolic constraints shape the evolutionary ecology of diving in animals
<p>Diving as a lifestyle has evolved on multiple occasions when air-breathing terrestrial animals invaded the aquatic realm, and diving performance shapes the ecology and behaviour of all air-breathing aquatic taxa, from small insects to great whales. Using the largest dataset yet assembled, we show that maximum dive duration increases predictably with body mass in both ectotherms and endotherms. Compared to endotherms, ectotherms can remain submerged for longer, but the mass scaling relationship for dive duration is much steeper in endotherms than in ectotherms. These differences in diving allometry can be fully explained by inherent differences between the two groups in their metabolic rate and how metabolism scales with body mass and temperature. Therefore, we suggest that similar constraints on oxygen storage and usage have shaped the evolutionary ecology of diving in all air-breathing animals, irrespective of their evolutionary history and metabolic mode. The steeper scaling relationship between body mass and dive duration in endotherms not only helps explain why the largest extant vertebrate divers are endothermic rather than ectothermic, but also fits well with the emerging consensus that large extinct tetrapod divers (e.g. plesiosaurs, ichthyosaurs and mosasaurs) were endothermic.</p>
Data from: Animal-mediated organic matter transformation: aquatic insects as a source of microbially bioavailable organic nutrients and energy
1. Animal communities are essential drivers of energy and elemental flow in ecosystems. However, few studies have investigated the functional role of animals as sources of dissolved organic matter (DOM) and the subsequent utilization of that DOM by the microbial community. 2. In a small forested headwater stream, we tested the effects of taxonomy, feeding traits, and body size on the quality and quantity of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) excreted by aquatic insects. In addition, we conducted steady-state solute additions to estimate instream demand for labile C and compared it to the C excreted by invertebrates. 3. Individual excretion rates and excretion composition varied with body size, taxonomy, and feeding guild. The estimated average community excretion rate was 1.31 μg DOC· per mg insect dry weight (DW)-1·h-1 and 0.33 μg DON·mg DW-1·h-1 and individuals excreted DON at nearly twice the rate of 〖"NH" 〗_"4" ^"+" . This DOM was 2-5 times more bioavailable to microbial heterotrophs than ambient stream water DOM. 4. We estimated that the insect community, conservatively, excreted 1.62 mg of bioavailable DOC·m-2·h-1 and through steady-state additions measured an ambient labile C demand as 3.97±0.67 mg C·m-2·h-1. This suggests that insect-mediated transformation and excretion of labile DOC could satisfy a significant fraction (40±7%) of labile C demand in this small stream. 5. Collectively, our results suggest that animal excretion plays an essential functional role in transforming organic matter into microbially bioavailable forms and may satisfy a variable but significant portion of microbial demand for labile C and N.
Data from: Global geographic patterns in the colours and sizes of animal‐dispersed fruits
Aim. Fruit colours attract animal seed dispersers, yet the causes of fruit colour diversity remain controversial. The lack of knowledge of large-scale spatial patterns in fruit colours has limited our ability to formulate and test alternative hypotheses to explain fruit colour, fruit size, and fruit colour diversity. We describe spatial (especially latitudinal) variation in fruit colour, colour diversity, and length, and test for correlations between fruit colour, length, and plant habit. Location. Global. Time period. Present-day. Major taxa studied. Seed plants. Methods. We assembled a database of fruit traits for 13,178 fleshy-fruited plant species spanning 136 sites around the world. To assess whether fruit colour categories correspond with spectral reflectances, we tested for clustering of hue, chroma, and saturation for 236 species for which we had reflectance data. We then quantified latitudinal gradients in fruit colour, fruit length, and fruit colour diversity while controlling for the effects of plant habit, and whether colour categories varied with respect to average fruit size. Results. Colour categories corresponded well with reflectance data. The tropics show high colour diversity, while red fruits progressively constitute a higher proportion of the fleshy-fruited plant community towards high latitudes. All mammal-associated colours (green, orange, brown, and yellow) are more common in the tropics than at high latitudes. Fruit length also increases towards the tropics. Main conclusions. Tropical communities tend to have diverse fruit colours, including many mammal-associated fruit colours, while high latitude communities contain a higher percentage of red-fruited species. The correlation between colour and size is strong, and some latitudinal patterns may be partly driven by changes in fruit size. Differences in geography and in the history of plant lineages in the southern versus the northern hemisphere may help to explain some biogeographic patterns, but alternative hypotheses related to fruit defence, development, and metabolic costs are plausible.
Evaluation of the silkworm lemon mutant as an invertebrate animal model for human sepiapterin reductase deficiency
<p><span>Human sepiapterin reductase deficiency is an inherited disease caused by <i>SPR</i> gene mutations and is a monoamine neurotransmitter disorder. Here, we investigated whether the silkworm <i>lemon<sup> </sup></i>mutant could serve as a model of sepiapterin reductase deficiency. A point mutation in the<i> BmSPR</i> gene led to a five amino acid deletion at the carboxyl terminus in the <i>lemon</i> mutant. In addition, classical phenotypes seen in sepiapterin reductase deficient patients were observed in the <i>lemon</i> mutant, including a normal phenylalanine level, a decreased dopamine and serotonin content, and an increased neopterin level. A recovery test showed that replenishment of L-dopa significantly increased the dopamine level in the <i>lemon<sup> </sup></i>mutant. The silkworm <i>lemon</i> mutant also showed negative behavioral abilities. These results suggest that the silkworm <i>lemon</i> mutant has an appropriate genetic basis and meets the biochemical requirements to be a model of sepiapterin reductase deficiency. Thus, the silkworm <i>lemon</i> mutant can serve as a candidate animal model of sepiapterin reductase deficiency, which may be helpful in facilitating accurate diagnosis and effective treatment options of sepiapterin reductase deficiency.</span></p>
Data from: Exceptional but vulnerable microbial diversity in coral reef animal surface microbiomes
<p>Coral reefs host hundreds of thousands of animal species that are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances. These animals host microbial communities at their surface, playing crucial roles for their fitness. However the diversity of such microbiomes is mostly described in a few coral species, and still poorly defined in other invertebrates and vertebrates. Given the diversity of animal microbiomes, and the diversity of host species inhabiting coral reefs, the contribution of such microbiomes to the total microbial diversity of coral reefs could be important, yet potentially vulnerable to the loss of animal species.</p> <p>Analysis of the surface microbiome from 74 taxa, including teleost fishes, hard and soft corals, crustaceans, echinoderms, bivalves and sponges, revealed that more than 90% of their prokaryotic phylogenetic diversity was specific and not recovered in surrounding plankton.</p> <p>Estimate of the total diversity associated to coral reef animal surface microbiomes reached up to 2.5% of current estimates of Earth prokaryotic diversity. Therefore, coral reef animal surfaces should be recognized as a hotspot of marine microbial diversity. Loss of the most vulnerable reef animals expected under present-day scenarios of reef degradation would induce an erosion of 28% of the prokaryotic richness, with unknown consequences on coral reef ecosystem functioning.</p>
Data from: DNA barcoding identifies cryptic animal tool materials
<p>Some animals fashion tools and other constructions out of plant materials to aid foraging, reproduction, self-maintenance, and protection. The choice of raw materials can affect the structure and mechanical properties of the resulting artefacts, with significant fitness consequences. Documenting animals' material preferences is challenging, however, as manufacture behaviour is often difficult to observe directly, and materials may be processed so heavily that they lack identifying features. Here, we use DNA barcoding techniques to identify, from just a few recovered tool specimens, the plant species New Caledonian crows (<em>Corvus moneduloides</em>) use for crafting elaborate hooked stick tools in one of our long-term study populations. The method succeeded where extensive fieldwork using conventional approaches had failed, including targeted observations, radio-tracking, bird-mounted video-cameras, and behavioural experiments with wild and temporarily captive subjects. We believe that DNA barcoding will prove useful for investigating many other tool and construction behaviours, helping to unlock significant research potential across a wide range of study systems.</p>
Times Square Ball (Animation)
The Times Square Ball is a time ball located in New York City's Times Square. Located on the roof of One Times Square, the ball is a prominent part of a New Year's Eve celebration in Times Square commonly referred to as the ball drop, where the ball descends 141 feet (43 m) in 60 seconds down a specially designed flagpole, beginning at 11:59:00 p.m. ET, and resting at midnight to signal the start of the new year. In recent years, the festivities have been preceded by live entertainment, including performances by musicians. Info Link: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Times_Square_Ball I have a Patreon Join now! :https://www.patreon.com/user?u=14434838 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Tyranosaurus Rex (Animated)
Tyrannosaurus is a genus of tyrannosaurid theropod dinosaur. The species Tyrannosaurus rex, often called T. rex or colloquially T-Rex, is one of the best represented of the large theropods. Tyrannosaurus lived throughout what is now western North America, on what was then an island continent known as Laramidia. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Chancay vessel in form of an animal
Chancay vessel in form of an animal in the Bonn Collection of the Americas at the University of Bonn (Inv. Nr. 3094) * Object: Chancay vessel in form of an animal with polychrome painting * Place of origin: Peru * Culture: Chancay * Acquisition: 2016 by donation * Collection: G. Tietzen * Hardware: Nikon D7500, Nikon 40 mm macro * Software: RealityCapture, Substance Designer, Blender Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Star Wars New Hope Opening Crawl (Animation)
Each of the eight episodic Star Wars films begin with nearly identical openings, in which the text "A long time ago in a galaxy far, far away...." is displayed, followed by the Star Wars logo over a field of stars. A subsequent downward tilt reveals the film's episode number, the subtitle in all-capital letters, and a three-paragraph summary of events immediately prior to the events of the film. I have a Patreon Join now! :https://www.patreon.com/user?u=14434838 I have a Patreon Join now! :https://www.patreon.com/user?u=14434838 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Stellarum Fixarum Hemisphaerium - Animated
A very basic animation demonstrating how I made [this model](https://skfb.ly/6VKWG) with two images from the [King's Topographical Collection](https://www.flickr.com/photos/britishlibrary/albums/72157716220271206) by the British Library on Flickr. > The Topographical Collection of George III contains drawn and printed maps, views and atlases produced between 1500 and 1824. Title: "Stellarum Fixarum Hemisphaerium Australe (Boreale) in plano Eclipticae depictum, omnes Catalogi Britannici stellas exhibeus eo situ quem anno 1690 habuerunt, a J. Senex." Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Anchor Animation
Underwater photogrammetry combined with on land recording. Models and animation made for [Landesamt für Kultur und Denkmalpflege Mecklenburg-Vorpommern](https://sketchfab.com/LAKD_MV/models). Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
The Walking Dead Comic Issue 1 (Animated)
Issue 1 is the first and the debut issue of Image Comics' The Walking Dead and the first part of Volume 1: Days Gone Bye. It was originally published on October 8, 2003. It was re-released in full color on October 9, 2013 as a special edition to celebrate the tenth anniversary of The Walking Dead. An artist proof edition was released on August 26, 2015. Info Link: https://walkingdead.fandom.com/wiki/Issue_1 I have a Patreon Join now! :https://www.patreon.com/user?u=14434838 Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Lowpoly Windmill - Animated
Old lowpoly Windmill - Ready for mobile - Animated Proppeler - Animated Interior Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Trigonia sp. [Animated]
Clam *Trigonia sp.*<br> Both valves of the specimen shown in https://skfb.ly/6nxFX<br> Length: 100 mm <br> Zone of Parkinsonia parkinsoni, Bajocian (Middle Jurassic) <br> Location: Velpe (North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany) <br> Collection: S. Simonsen <br> 3D Scan: J. Tünnermann <br> License: [CC BY-NC 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Low Poly Rifle Winchester (Animated)
In English: Known as the Rapid of the West. Repetition weapon that went down in history for its fast cadence if its shooter was skilled. This weapon is based on the model of the Henry Rifle. En Español: Conocida como la rapida del Oeste. Arma de repeticion que paso a la historia por su rapida cadencia si su tirador era habil. Esta arma esta basado en el modelo del Fusil Henry. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Programmatic Animations - Performance Data
<p>The data required to reproduce statistical tests reported in the paper "An empirical study of programming paradigms for animation". </p> <p>For information about the individual solutions produced during the study please contact us. </p>
Programmatic Animations - Cheat Sheets
<p>Complimentary material for the paper "An empirical study of programming paradigms for animation": Cheat Sheets handed to participants in the study to explain the required APIs. </p>
Dataset supplementing Lichtenberg et al. (2017) Foraging traits modulate stingless bee community disassembly under forest loss. Journal of Animal Ecology
<p>This dataset contains data and scripts that supplement the publication</p> <p>Lichtenberg et al. (2017) Foraging traits modulate stingless bee community disassembly under forest loss. Journal of Animal Ecology. DOI 10.1111/1365-2656.12747.</p> <p> </p> <p>Please cite the above article if you use any of the included data or code.</p> <p> </p> <p>Files are described in README.md.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.