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Fig. 2 in Notoemys zapatocaensis, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pleurodira: Platychelyidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia

Fig. 2. Map of Tithonian (late Jurassic 140 million years ago) continental reconstruction (Smith and Briden, 1977) showing distribution of Platychelyidae. 1. Platychelys oberndorferi, ca. 152 mya. 2. Notoemys oxfordiensis, ca. 156 mya. 3. Notoemys zapatocaensis, ca. 135 mya. 4. Notoemys laticentralis, ca. 145 mya.

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Fig. 5. Notoemys zapatocaensis, n in Notoemys zapatocaensis, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pleurodira: Platychelyidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia

Fig. 5. Notoemys zapatocaensis, n.sp. IPN ISEAC140120031. Anterolateral part of carapace in dorsal view showing very small peripheral 3.

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Fig. 1 in Notoemys zapatocaensis, a New Side-Necked Turtle (Pleurodira: Platychelyidae) from the Early Cretaceous of Colombia

Fig. 1. Northwestern South America, showing Zapatoca, Colombia, where Notoemys zapatocaensis was found. Map based on satellite imagery from NASA/JPL/NIMA.

FIG. 2 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 2. — Stratigraphy of the Saint-Pô Formation (middle Albian, Lower Cretaceous) as exposed on the Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne, northern France (after Robaszynski & Amédro 1986; Amédro 2009); the specimen of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895) was recovered from between phosphatic horizons P4 and P5.

FIG. 5 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 5. — Associated set of isolated dermal denticles of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): from presumed trunk (A-D), fin (E-G) and snout (H) areas, or preserved as cluster (I, J). Scale bars: A-H, 0.5 mm; I, J, 1 mm.

FIG. 1 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 1. — Geographical map (A) and Boulonnais beach (B, situation in 1990) between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France); the skeleton of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895) was collected in 1996 from the clay level exposed at the beach, as indicated by the asterisk (*). Scale bar: B, 500 m.

FIG. 4 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 4. — Selected details (in situ) of a partial skeleton of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): A, cluster of anterior teeth; B, cluster of lateral teeth; C, D, patches of dermal denticles; E, precaudal monospondylous vertebrate. Scale bars: A, 250 mm; B, 300 mm; C-E, 150 mm.

FIG. 6 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 6. — Associated set of isolated teeth of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): A, anterior; B, antero-lateral; C, D, lateral; E, F, latero-posterior and G, posterior tooth files, in labial (1), lingual (2), occlusal (3) and basal (4) views. Scale bars: A-E, 5 mm; F, 4 mm; G, 2 mm.

FIG. 7 in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 7. — Micro CT scan of an isolated tooth of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France): A, lingual; B, labial; C, basal; D, lateral and E, occlusal views; 3D volume renderings with sagittal (A1-A5), transverse (C1-C2) and frontal (D1-D3) sections showing tooth vascularisation and histology as follows: EN, enameloid; PC, pulp cavity; ORD, orthodentine; OSD, osteodentine; SC, secondary cavities; VC, vascular canaliculi. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 3. — A in A new partial skeleton of a palaeospinacid shark (Neoselachii, Synechodontiformes) from the Albian of northern France, with a review of the taxonomic history of Early Cretaceous species of Synechodus Woodward, 1888

FIG. 3. — A, Partial skeleton of Synechodus sp. (IRScNB P.9895), Saint-Pô Formation (Albian, Lower Cretaceous), Boulonnais beach between Escalles and Strouanne (northern France); B, Same specimen with interpretation of the exoskeleton (hatching) and the endoskeleton, including parts of the neurocranium (red), splanchnocranium (orange), pelvic girdle (beige) and vertebrate column (yellow). Scale bar: 100 mm.

Fig. 3. PSSMAE 137 in Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia

Fig. 3. PSSMAE 137, anterior fragment of a right dentary of Gobiconodon sp. indet. in (top) lingual, (middle) labial, and (bottom) occlusal views. Abbreviations (for tooth nomenclature see introduction): Men. For., mental foramen; Sym., symphysis.

Fig. 5. Specimens PSSMAE 137 and 138 in Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia

Fig. 5. Specimens PSSMAE 137 and 138, Gobiconodon sp. indet. (top) at the same scale. (Bottom) the specimens fitted to the outline of the lower jaw of G. ostromi showing general agreement of morphology, with the exception of the proportionally larger teeth in the Mongolian species of Gobiconodon and the more slender anterior portion of the lower jaw.

Fig. 2. PSSMAE 139 in Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia

Fig. 2. PSSMAE 139, Gobiconodon hopsoni, sp. nov., fragment of a right dentary in lingual aspect. Abbreviations (for cusp nomenclature see Introduction): p4 al, alveolus for the p4; Man. Can., mandibular canal (endocast).

Fig. 4. PSSMAE 138 in Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia

Fig. 4. PSSMAE 138, posterior fragment of a right dentary of Gobiconodon sp. indet. in (top) lingual, (middle) occlusal, and (bottom) labial views. Abbreviations: Mas. for., masseteric foramen; Mas. fos., masseteric fossa; M. gr., Meckel's groove; M. pit, mandibular pits; M. sc., muscular scar.

Fig. 6 in Gobiconodonts from the Early Cretaceous of Oshih (Ashile), Mongolia

Fig. 6. Strict consensus resulting from three most parsimonious trees found by NONA version 2.0 (Goloboff, 1993b). Analysis of matrix in appendix 3 resulted in three trees of 138 steps in length that were found to be the most parsimonious solutions after 500 heuristic searches. Gobiconodontid affiliation with Triconodontidae is only weakly supported by the reduction in number of the lower incisors and could also be ambiguously supported by the shallow grooving of the mesial root in molariforms to receive the preceding molariform.

FIGURE 7 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 7. Relationships (strict consensus) of Genibatrachus baoshanensis with other living and fossil frogs. The tree is calibrated with the ages of fossil taxa. The new fossil taxon is highlighted in boldface. The numbers next to the branches represent the jackknife supporting value (only supporting value higher than 0.5 is shown).

FIGURE 6 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 6. Ontogenetic fusion of ribs to transverse process of the vertebra: A, PKUP V0410 (juvenile); B, PKUP V0411 (juvenile); C, PKUP V0406 (young adult); D, PKUP V0404 (fully grown adult). Scale bars = 5 mm. Note that PKUP V0410 and V0411 show all trunk vertebrae with free ribs articulated with the transverse process, PKUP V0406 shows a transitional stage of fusion of the ribs on posterior trunk vertebrae, whereas PKUP V0404 shows fully fused ribs to the transverse process on the posterior trunk vertebrae.

FIGURE 4 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 4. Referred specimens of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (juvenile individuals): A, PKUP V0411 in dorsal view; B, PKUP V0412 in ventral view.

FIGURE 2 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 2. Photograph of the holotype of Genibatrachus baoshanensis, gen. et sp. nov. (PKUP V0401): incomplete skeleton exposed on part-and-counterpart shale slabs. A, skull and postcranial skeleton exposed in dorsal view; B, impressions of the skull and postcranial skeleton exposed in counterpart slab of A.

FIGURE 1 in A New Crown-Group Frog (Amphibia: Anura) from the Early Cretaceous of Northeastern Inner Mongolia, China

FIGURE 1. Area map showing the location of Taipingqiao locality (Inner Mongolia) in relation to other Early Cretaceous frog fossil localities near Chaoyang in western Liaoning Province, China (area shaded dark grey indicates the former "Jehol Province" after which the "Jehol Biota" was named).