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33,754 results for “Enhancers”
Data from: Nitrogen fertilization differentially enhances nodulation and host growth of two invasive legume species in an urban environment
Invasive plants negatively impact native communities by altering ecosystem processes and reducing species diversity. Plants in the legume family are overrepresented among invasive taxa and establish in disturbed environments common in urban ecosystems. Mutualisms with rhizobia and anthropogenic activities, such as nitrogen fertilization, may be key mechanisms driving legume invasions of urban habitats. Moreover, legume species and genetic lineages within species may vary in their responses to nitrogen fertilization, making some more likely to invade than others. Despite this threat, it remains unclear whether nitrogen fertilization impacts mutualism and plant growth traits of invasive legumes in urban environments, and whether these effects depend on the genetic origin of invaders. We conducted a common garden experiment using two widespread, invasive legume species, Medicago sativa and Trifolium pratense, to test the effects of species, genetic origin of lineages within species, and nitrogen fertilization on the mutualism. Soil nitrogen was manipulated and effects on traits associated with the mutualism (nodule traits) and plant growth were quantified. Nitrogen fertilization improved nodule traits and host growth for both species, but M. sativa and certain genetic lineages of this species benefited more from fertilization than any of the tested T. pratense lineages. This work reveals how anthropogenic activities alter mutualism traits and plant growth in urban environments, potentially facilitating invasions by leguminous taxa. Because species and lineages varied in the strength of their responses to fertilization, over time some invading legumes may outcompete other plant species or lineages, leading to differential impacts on native communities in urban environments.
Data from: Using terrestrial haematophagous leeches to enhance tropical biodiversity monitoring programmes in Bangladesh
1. Measuring mammal biodiversity in tropical rainforests is challenging, and methods which reduce effort while maximizing success are crucial for long-term monitoring programmes. Commonly used methods to assess mammal biodiversity may require substantial sampling effort to be effective. Genetic methods are a new and important sampling tool on the horizon, but obtaining sufficient DNA samples can be a challenge. 2. We evaluated the efficacy of using parasitic leeches Haemadipsa spp., as compared to camera trapping, to sample biodiversity. We collected 200 leeches from four forest patches in northeast Bangladesh, and identified recent vertebrate hosts using Sanger sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene extracted from each individual leech's blood meals. We then compared this data to species data from camera trapping conducted in the same forest patches. 3. Overall, 41.9% of sequenced leeches contained amplifiable non-human mammal DNA. Four days of collecting leeches led to the identification of 12 species, compared to 26 species identified in 1334 camera trap nights. 4. Synthesis and applications. After assessing the cost, effort, and power of each technique, there are pros and cons to both camera trapping and leech blood meal analysis. Camera trapping and leech collection appear to be complementary approaches. When used together, they may provide a more complete monitoring tool for mammal biodiversity in tropical rainforests. Managers should consider adding leech collection to their biodiversity monitoring toolkit, as improved information will allow managers to create more effective conservation programmes. R scripts are available upon request.
Parasitoids of leaf herbivores enhance plant fitness and do not alter caterpillar-induced resistance against seed beetles
<p>1. Organisms of the third trophic level can indirectly interact with plants. However, whether parasitoids of herbivores have a positive effect on plant fitness has been controversial. In addition to possible effects on plant fitness, parasitoid-mitigated herbivory can modify plant physiological responses and thereby alter the plant-mediated indirect interactions between different herbivore species. These types of indirect multitrophic interactions remain largely unexplored. Thus, to understand the full effect of the third trophic level on plants, it is necessary to consider the context of the community of interacting species, both herbivores and their enemies.</p> <p>2. Here, we investigated if parasitoids of leaf-feeding caterpillars affect plant fitness (seed quantity and quality) and the consequences for seed-dwelling insects at the second and third trophic levels through plant mediated effects. To test this, we exposed lima bean plants (<i>Phaseolus lunatus</i>), under controlled field conditions, to unparasitized caterpillars (<i>Spodoptera latifascia</i>) or caterpillars that were parasitized by the parasitoid species <i>Cotesia marginiventris</i>. Later in the season, we measured seed production and infestation by seed beetles and their parasitoids.</p> <p>3. We found that parasitoids significantly reduced the leaf damage inflicted by the caterpillars, such that the plants suffered no loss in seed production. Yet, parasitoids had no effect on the emergence of seed beetles (<i>Zabrotes subfasciatus</i> and <i>Acanthoscelides obtectus</i>), which was equally reduced in plants attacked by unparasitized and by parasitized caterpillars. Seeds from undamaged plants were significantly more attacked by <i>Z. subfasciatus</i> beetles. Parasitism rates of seed beetle larvae were similar for all treatments.</p> <p>4. Although parasitized caterpillars did not damage the plants enough to reduce seed production (unlike unparasitized caterpillars), the damage they inflicted induced resistance against other herbivores. Taken together, these results reveal how parasitoids can indirectly enhance plant fitness in the context of the local ecological networks. These findings have significant implications for natural and agricultural systems since they reveal that the indirect interaction between plants and parasitoids can be beneficial in communities with multiple herbivore species.</p>
Data from: Effects of a titin mutation on force enhancement and force depression in mouse soleus muscles
The force produced by muscles varies with muscle length. Compared to isometric contractions at the same final length, force increases after lengthening, known as force enhancement, and decreases after shortening, known as force depression. The mechanisms of force enhancement remain unexplained by the sliding-filament and cross-bridge theories of muscle contraction. Although cross-bridge mechanisms have been proposed to account for force depression, so too have other mechanisms. In addition to cross bridges, titin has been suggested to contribute to both force enhancement and depression. Although titin is too compliant in passive muscles to contribute to active stiffness, recent evidence suggests that calcium activation increases titin stiffness. To test the hypothesis that titin plays a role in force enhancement and depression, we investigated muscle force in active and passive wild type and mdm soleus muscles after isovelocity stretching and shortening at three activation levels. Muscles from mdm mice (muscular dystrophy with myositis) have a predicted 83 amino acid deletion in the N2A region of titin and show no increase in stiffness when activated. We found that: 1) force enhancement and depression were reduced in mdm soleus compared to wild type muscles; 2) force enhancement increased with the amplitude of stretch across all activation levels in wild type and mdm muscles, while force depression increased with amplitude in wild type but not in mdm muscles; and 3) maximal shortening velocity of wild type and mdm muscles was similar, although active stress was reduced in mdm compared to wild type muscles. The results of this study suggest a role for titin in force enhancement and depression, which contribute importantly to regulation of muscle force during natural movements.
Data from: Local adaptation for enhanced salt tolerance reduces non-adaptive plasticity caused by osmotic stress
Organisms often respond to environmental change via phenotypic plasticity, where an individual modulates its phenotype according to the environment. Highly variable or changing environments can exceed physiological limits and generate maladapted plastic phenotypes, which is termed non-adaptive plasticity. In some cases, selection may reduce the negative or disruptive impacts of environmental stress and produce locally adapted populations. Salt is an increasingly prevalent contaminant of freshwater systems and can induce non-adaptive plastic phenotypes for freshwater organisms like amphibians. Hyla cinerea is a frog species with populations inhabiting brackish, coastal habitats, so we use this species to test whether coastal populations are locally adapted to tolerate saltwater by determining how salt exposure during the embryonic and larval stages alters mortality and plastic developmental and metamorphic phenotypes of coastal and inland populations. Coastal frogs have higher survival, faster growth rates, and metamorphose sooner than inland frogs across salinities. Coastal frogs also metamorphose smaller (likely a consequence of earlier metamorphosis) yet maintain constant size, while higher salinities reduce metamorphic size for inland frogs. Coastal frogs evolved to minimize non-adaptive and disruptive impacts of saltwater during larval development and accelerate the larval period to reduce time spent in a stressful environment.
Data from: Propagule pressure and genetic diversity enhance colonization by a ruderal species: a multi-generation field experiment
Colonization is a critical filter, setting the stage for short-term and long-term population success. Increased propagule pressure (e.g., more founding individuals) usually enhances colonization; however, this pattern may be driven by purely numeric effects, population genetic diversity effects, or both. To determine the independent and interactive effects of propagule pressure and genetic diversity, we conducted a seed addition experiment in the field using the ruderal annual Arabidopsis thaliana. Propagule pressure treatments spanned five levels, from 32 to 960 seeds per 0.25-m2 plot. Founder populations were composed of one, four or eight genotypes and exposed to ambient or reduced levels of interspecific competition. Genotype monocultures were included to quantify additive versus non-additive effects. Populations were followed for three generations, with abundance, population persistence and genotype retention (the proportion of introduced genotypes persisting over time) as the major response variables. Increased propagule pressure enhanced abundance immediately following introduction, particularly where nutrient availability was high and competition reduced. Greater propagule pressure also increased the likelihood of population persistence and genotype retention through three generations. However, most populations experienced rapid abundance declines over time, yielding no relationship between propagule pressure and third-generation abundance across persisting populations. Under reduced competition, increased genetic diversity led to a marginal increase in persistence through the third generation that was more pronounced, and statistically significant, in low nutrient conditions. Genetic diversity did not affect persistence through the first generation, thus indicating that genetic diversity effects strengthened over time. Nevertheless, genotypic mixture populations fell short of expectations based on performance in monocultures (negative non-additive effects). Increased genetic diversity was also associated with abundance declines, largely due to one particularly high-performing genotype in the lowest diversity treatments (i.e, genotypic identity effects). Overall, our results indicate that increases in both propagule pressure and genetic diversity can enhance colonization success but are highly context-dependent. They also highlight novel ways in which both factors can impact the retention of introduced genetic diversity over time. Our findings pinpoint the determinants of a fundamental population process and have key implications for applications where enhanced or suppressed colonization is desired, including ecological restoration and invasive species management.
Data from: Transcriptomic differences between day and night in Acropora millepora provide new insights into metabolite exchange and light-enhanced calcification in corals
The evolutionary success of reef-building corals is often attributed to their symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic dinoflagellates of the genus Symbiodinium, but metabolic interactions between the partners and the molecular bases of light-enhanced calcification (LEC) are not well understood. Here, the metabolic bases of the interaction between the coral Acropora millepora and its dinoflagellate symbiont were investigated by comparing gene expression levels under light and dark conditions at the whole transcriptome level. Among the 497 differentially expressed genes identified, a suite of genes involved in cholesterol transport was found to be upregulated under light conditions, confirming the significance of this compound in the coral symbiosis. Although ion transporters likely to have roles in calcification were not differentially expressed in this study, expression levels of many genes associated with skeletal organic matrix composition and organization were higher in light conditions. This implies that the rate of organic matrix synthesis is one factor limiting calcification at night. Thus, LEC during the day is likely to be a consequence of increases in both matrix synthesis and the supply of precursor molecules as a result of photosynthetic activity.
Data from: Dispersal enhances beta diversity in nectar microbes
Dispersal is considered a key driver of beta diversity, the variation in species composition among local communities, but empirical tests remain limited. We manipulated dispersal of nectar-inhabiting bacteria and yeasts via flower-visiting animals to examine how dispersal influenced microbial beta diversity among flowers. Contrary to the prevailing view that dispersal lowers beta diversity, we found beta diversity was highest when dispersal was least limited. Our analysis suggested that this unexpected pattern might have resulted from stronger priority effects under increased dispersal. Dispersal is highly stochastic, generating variability in species arrival history and consequently the potential for community divergence via priority effects, in these and likely many other microbial, plant, and animal communities. Yet most previous experiments eliminated this possibility. We suggest that the positive effects of dispersal on beta diversity, like the one we report here, may have been greatly underappreciated.
Alibates Petroglyph - Long Foot - Enhanced
An enhanced view of a boulder with a foot petroglyph and a number of cupules. [The unenhanced version is here.](https://skfb.ly/6XSON) Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Physical Activity is Associated with Reduced Implicit Learning but Enhanced Relational Memory and Executive Functioning in Young Adults
<p>This file contains all data reported in the main analyses of our paper, including age, gender, BMI, Stroop effect, implicit learning sessions 1 and 2, relational memory, and all physical activity variables</p>
FANTOM5 transcribed enhancers in hg38
<p><strong>Overview</strong></p> <p>Transcribed enhancers were identified and their expression was quantified across all human FANTOM5 libraries, following the re-aligned FANTOM5 CAGE data upon hg38 (GRCh38) (obtained from http://fantom.gsc.riken.jp/5/datafiles/reprocessed/hg38_v1/basic/), and decomposition-based peak identification (obtained from https://zenodo.org/record/545682#.WPuNy1Pyv2Q) by Kawaji, Hideya.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Description</strong></p> <p>Transcribed enhancers were called based on bidirectional balanced RNA signatures as per Andersson et al (2014). Enhancers were only identified distal to known exons (+/-100bp region from boundaries) and transcription start sites (+/-300bp), defined by GENCODE v24 annotation. In total, 63,285 enhancers were identified across 1,829 libraries. The expression was quantified and TPM (tags per million) normalised according to the total number of mapped reads within the full set of TCs. For details regarding the identification of transcribed enhancers from CAGE data, please see Andersson et al (2014) and blog post.</p> <p>Due to varying noise levels across FANTOM5 libraries and the intrinsic low expression levels of transcribed enhancers, library-specific noise levels were estimated to define of robust set of enhancers in each sample. In summary, for each library, expression was quantified in randomly sampled genomic regions distal to assembly gaps, DNase hypersensitive sites (ENCODE), known exons and gene TSSs (GENCODE) to create a genomic background expression distribution. For each library, we called an enhancer active (used) if its expression was above the 99.9th quantile of the library’s genomic background expression distribution. The robust set of enhancers consist of 60,215 over 1,829 libraries, being significantly expressed in at least one library.</p> <p>While this approach ensures less permissive enhancer calling in noisy libraries, for some libraries the noise threshold is zero meaning that a single CAGE tag is sufficient for calling an enhancer active. Furthermore, the possibility of detecting enhancer transcription is affected by sequencing depth, so the number of active enhancers per library might not be biologically meaningful to compare when sequencing depths differ.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Data files</strong><br> Each predicted enhancer is described in BED12 format with two blocks denoting the merged regions of transcription initiation on the minus and plus strands. The thickStart and thickEnd columns denote the inferred mid position between blocks of transcription initiation events. Expression and usage matrices are tab delimited and the first row gives the FANTOM5 CNhs IDs and the first column the enhancer ID (same as column 4 in BED file). Usage matrices contain zeroes and ones (0:not used, 1:used).</p> <ul> <li>enhancers (BED12 format)</li> <li>enhancer expression matrix (tab delimited, first row: CNhs IDs, first column: enhancer ID (coordinate))</li> <li>enhancer expression matrix TPM normalized (tab delimited, first row: CNhs IDs, first column: enhancer ID (coordinate))</li> <li>binary enhancer usage matrix (0:not used, 1:used, tab delimited, first row: CNhs IDs, first column: enhancer ID (coordinate))</li> </ul>
Data and Code for Yeager et al., 2022: Enhanced Skill and Signal-to-noise in an Eddy-Resolving Decadal Prediction System
The sensitivity of decadal prediction system performance to model resolution is examined by comparing results from low- and high-resolution (LR and HR) predictions conducted with the Community Earth System Model (CESM). The primary difference between the two systems is the horizontal grid spacing of the ocean and atmosphere models (1° for both in LR; 0.1° and 0.25°, respectively, in HR), permitting a first direct comparison of how skill and signal-to-noise characteristics change when moving to the ocean eddy-resolved modeling regime. HR exhibits significantly increased skill and enhanced signal-to-noise for atmospheric fields compared to LR. This result suggests that mesoscale atmosphere-ocean interaction, which is present in HR but absent in LR, is a key mechanism involved in the transmission of predictable signals from the ocean to the atmosphere. Climate predictions can potentially be improved (and the signal-to-noise paradox alleviated) through explicit representation of ocean eddies and their interactions with the atmosphere.
Datasets, models and demos associated to "Celldetective: an AI-enhanced image analysis tool for unraveling dynamic cell interactions"
<p>This repository contains datasets, models and demos associated to <a href="https://github.com/remyeltorro/celldetective">Celldetective</a>, a software for single-cell analysis from multimodal time lapse microscopy images. </p> <h1>Demos</h1> <h2>Cell-cell interaction assay: ADCC</h2> <p>We imaged a co-culture of MCF-7 breast cancer cells (targets) and human primary NK cells (effectors), interacting in the presence of bispecific antibodies, to measure antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). The nuclei of all cells are marked with the Hoechst nuclear stain, the dead nuclei with the propidium iodide nuclear stain, the cytoplasm of the NK cells with CFSE. The system in epifluorescence and brightfield at either 20 or 40X magnification. We provide a single position demo for the ADCC assay, as "demo_adcc.zip". After unzipping, the demo_adcc folder can be loaded in Celldetective for testing. </p> <h2>Cell-surface interaction assay: RICM</h2> <p>We imaged human primary NK cells engaging in spreading with a surface coated with a bispecific antibody similar to the one used in the ADCC assay (replacing the target cells with a flat surface). The system is imaged using the RICM technique. Images are normalized using a median estimate of the background, pooled from all the positions in a well and dividing the images by this estimate. Here, we provide a single position demo for the cell-surface interactiona assay imaged in RICM, as "demo_ricm.zip". As above, after unzipping, the experiment can be tested and processed in Celldetective.</p> <h1>Datasets</h1> <h2>Image annotations for segmentation</h2> <h3>Cell-cell interaction assay: ADCC</h3> <p>We generated two sets of annotations from images of a co-culture of MCF-7 breast cancer cells and human primary NK cells, interacting in the presence of bispecific antibodies, to measure antibody dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Since there are two separate cell populations of interest, the targets (MCF-7) and effectors (NK cells), we curated two datasets. Each sample in a dataset consists of a multichannel image (up to five channels in the context of ADCC, among brightfield , Hoechst nuclear stain, PI nuclear stain, CFSE, LAMP1), the associated instance segmentation annotation for the population of interest and a json file summarizing the content of each channel and the spatial calibration of the image. These sample data are generated directly in Celldetective, using a custom napari plugin.</p> <ul> <li>db_mcf7_nuclei_w_lymphocytes: MCF-7 cell nuclei are annotated specifically on images where primary NK cells (or rarely primary T cells), and RBCs co-exist. The annotation exploits up to four channels simultaneously.</li> <li>db_primary_NK_w_mcf7: human primary NK cells, with annotated cytoplasm (mostly from CFSE) but exploiting brightfield and Hoechst to segment out of focus or poorly labelled cells.</li> </ul> <p>These datasets are used to train several segmentation models to segment on one hand the MCF-7 nuclei and on the other hand the primary NK cells.</p> <h3>Cell-surface interaction assay: RICM</h3> <ul> <li>db_spreading_lymphocytes: we provide a dataset of primary NK cells (and occasionnaly mice T cells) imaged in RICM (with sometimes paired brightfield images). Cells are detected as soon as they start forming interferences on the image (hovering behavior). A pre-annotation was performed using a threshold based segmentation on the RICM modality. Manuel separation of cell-cell contacts and removal of false positive objects was performed by an expert annotator (using brightfield when available). RBCs are ignored in the annotations. </li> </ul> <h2>Single-cell signal annotations for classification and regression</h2> <h3>Cell-cell interaction assay: ADCC</h3> <p>We generated several signal classification/regression datasets with Celldetective to characterize the ADCC assay. Briefly, for a given event cells can be classified as "the event occured during the observation", "no event occured during the observation", "the event already occured prior to observation". If the event occurred during the observation, we can estimate when (the regression). Each single-cell is a dictionary with a collection of signals. The attribute "class" sets the class and "t0" the time of event (default is -1 for absence of event). </p> <ul> <li>db-si-NucPI: classification and regression of single-cells with respect to lysis events characterized by a strong PI increase upon lysis (also associated with decreasing nuclear area and sometimes a decreasing Hoechst)</li> <li>db-si-NucCondensation: classification and regression of single-cells with respect to nucleus shrinking events characterized by a decreasing nuclear area (UPDATE on 23/01/2024)</li> </ul> <h1>Models</h1> <h2>Segmentation models</h2> <h3>Generalist models</h3> <p>We integrated in Celldetective select published models for cellular segmentation from StarDist and Cellpose. We wraped the models with an input configuration to help Celldetective handle the normalization, rescaling and channel selection upon inference. </p> <ul> <li>Cellpose [1,2]: <em>cyto3</em>, <em>livecell</em>, <em>tissuenet</em>, <em>nuclei</em></li> <li>StarDist [3]: <em>versatile_fluo</em>, <em>versatile_he</em></li> </ul> <p>If you use any of these models your research, don't forget to cite the StarDist or Cellpose papers accordingly!</p> <h3>ADCC models</h3> <ul> <li>MCF-7 (in the presence of lymphocytes): <em>mcf7_nuc_multimodal, mcf7_nuc_stardist_transfer</em></li> <li>primary NKs (in the presence of MCF-7): <em>primNK_multimodal</em>, <em>primNK_SD</em>, <em>primNK_cfse</em></li> </ul> <h3>Spreading-assay models</h3> <ul> <li>Lymphocytes: <em>lymphocytes_ricm</em></li> </ul> <h2>Signal analysis models</h2> <p>We developed Deep Learning models that classify and regress the time of events from single-cell signals, applied to the ADCC assay.</p> <ul> <li> lysis detection: <em>lysis_H_PI</em>, <em>lysis_PI_area</em><em>. </em>Detect lysis events characterized at least by an increase of PI from one or more measurements (respectively PI+Hoechst and PI+nucleus area, trained on db-si-NucPI)</li> <li>nucleus shrinking detection:<em> NucCond</em>. Detect nucleus shrinking events from nuclear area signal (db-si-NucCondensation)</li> </ul> <h1>References</h1> <ol> <li>Stringer, C., Wang, T., Michaelos, M. & Pachitariu, M. Cellpose: a generalist algorithm for cellular segmentation. Nat Methods 18, 100–106 (2021).</li> <li>Pachitariu, M. & Stringer, C. Cellpose 2.0: how to train your own model. Nat Methods 19, 1634–1641 (2022).</li> <li>Schmidt, U., Weigert, M., Broaddus, C. & Myers, G. Cell Detection with Star-Convex Polygons. in Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2018 (eds. Frangi, A. F., Schnabel, J. A., Davatzikos, C., Alberola-López, C. & Fichtinger, G.) 265–273 (Springer International Publishing, Cham, 2018). doi:10.1007/978-3-030-00934-2_30.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Carbonate chemistry changes following iron and steel slags dissolution in seawater for Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement, and measured dissolution of potentially toxic elements.
<p>Ocean alkalinity enhancement is a carbon capture strategy that has gained interest over the past years. This strategy relies on the dissolution of alkaline minerals to increase the alkalinity of the ocean, among which iron and steel slags are potential candidates. However, their dissolution in seawater as well as the leaching of potentially toxic elements is unknown. These data were collected as part of a research article that assess the alkalinity generation potential of iron and steel slags in MilliQ and seawater, as well as the dissolution of potentially toxic elements. The dataset is composed of various sheets, each of them reporting data from a specific experiment. For each experiment, the analysis details (instrument used, parameters analysed etc) are provided on each individual sheet, and an overview one regroups the main aims of this research as well as the technical terms used throughout.</p>
Intracellular delivery of nitric oxide enhances the therapeutic efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells for myocardial infarction
<p>Cell therapy by autologous mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is a clinically acceptable strategy for treating various diseases. Unfortunately, the therapeutic efficacy is largely affected by the low quality of MSCs collected from patients. Herein, we showed that the gene expression of MSCs from patients with diabetes was differentially regulated compared to that of MSCs from healthy controls. Then, MSCs were genetically engineered to catalyse an NO prodrug to release NO intracellularly. Compared to extracellular NO conversion, intracellular NO delivery effectively prolonged survival and enhanced the paracrine function of MSCs, as demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo assays. The enhanced therapeutic efficacy of engineered MSCs combined with intracellular NO delivery was further confirmed in mouse and rat models of myocardial infarction, and a clinically relevant cell administration paradigm through secondary thoracotomy has been attempted.</p>
The raw data from the article "KinomeMETA: meta-learning enhanced kinome-wide polypharmacology profiling"
<p>The raw data from the article "KinomeMETA: meta-learning enhanced kinome-wide polypharmacology profiling"</p>
Enhanced mTORC1 signaling and protein synthesis in pathologic alpha-synuclein cellular and animal models of Parkinson's disease
<p>Pathologic alpha-synuclein plays an important role in the pathogenesis of alpha-synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). Disruption of proteostasis is thought to be central to pathologic alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) toxicity; however, the molecular mechanism of this deregulation is poorly understood. Here we report that pathologic alpha-syn activates the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) leading to enhanced mRNA translation via binding tuberous sclerosis protein (TSC) 2 and destabilizing the TSC1-TSC2 complex. Genetic and pharmacologic inhibition of mTOR and protein synthesis rescue the dopamine neuron loss, behavioral deficits, and aberrant biochemical signaling in the alpha-syn preformed fibril (PFF) and Drosophila alpha-syn transgenic models of pathologic alpha-syn induced degeneration. Our findings establish a potential molecular mechanism by which pathologic alpha-syn activates mTORC1 leading to enhanced protein synthesis and concomitant neurodegeneration in PD.</p>
Computational linguistics based text emotion analysis using enhanced beetle antenna search with deep learning during COVID-19 pandemic
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figures for: Biosynthetic gene clusters carried by plasmids may enhance adaptations to a changing ocean
<p>Figures created for the short communication: Biosynthetic gene clusters carried by plasmids may enhance adaptations to a changing ocean.</p>
Rate-enhancing PETase mutations determined through DFT/MM molecular dynamics simulations†
<p>Raw data for classical MD simulations ran with Gromacs 2018.3 for the two mutants Asp83Asn and Asp89Asn.</p><p>Raw data for quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations ran with CP2K 6.1 for the two mutants Asp83Asn and Asp89Asn.</p><p>Distance and free energy analysis from the QM/MM MD simulations for the wild-type and the two mutants Asp83Asn and Asp89Asn.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.