Find research datasets worth reusing

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Text-fig. 10. Platanoxylon cf. haydenii, a, e, h: UF 279-34470; b, c, d, f g: UF 279-34469. a, b: Diffuse porous wood with vessels solitary and in small multiples, which are mostly tangential or oblique, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma., TS. c–e: Scalariform perforation plates. f, g: Opposite intervessel pits, TLS. h: Two size classes of rays, TLS. Platanus sp., UF 279- 24552. i: Predominantly solitary vessels, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, growth ring boundary distinct, noded rays, TS. j: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. k: Body of ray with procumbent ray cells, RLS. l: Scalariform perforation plate, RLS. m: Rays of two sizes, wide rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, h, i, m; 100 µm in j, k: 50 µm in c, d, e, f, l. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa

Text-fig. 10. Platanoxylon cf. haydenii, a, e, h: UF 279-34470; b, c, d, f g: UF 279-34469. a, b: Diffuse porous wood with vessels solitary and in small multiples, which are mostly tangential or oblique, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates axial parenchyma., TS. c–e: Scalariform perforation plates. f, g: Opposite intervessel pits, TLS. h: Two size classes of rays, TLS. Platanus sp., UF 279- 24552. i: Predominantly solitary vessels, diffuse and diffuse-in-aggregates parenchyma, growth ring boundary distinct, noded rays, TS. j: Simple perforation plates (PP), RLS. k: Body of ray with procumbent ray cells, RLS. l: Scalariform perforation plate, RLS. m: Rays of two sizes, wide rays>10-seriate, TLS. Scale bars: 200 µm in a, b, h, i, m; 100 µm in j, k: 50 µm in c, d, e, f, l.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m. in A Diverse Assemblage Of Late Eocene Woods From Oregon, Western Usa

Text-fig. 11. Acer Post Hammer species 1, UF 279-34456. a, b: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. c: Crowded alternate intervessel pits, TLS. d: Simple perforation plates, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. e: Rays 2–3-seriate, gum deposit in vessel element, TLS. Acer Post Hammer species 2. UF 279-34466. f: Diffuse-porous wood with distinct growth rings, marked by marginal parenchyma, vessels solitary and in short radial multiples, TS. g: Alternate intervessel pits, helical thickenings in vessel elements, TLS. h: Rays 1–4(–5)-seriate, TLS. i: Crystalliferous strand, multiseriate ray, TLS. Trochodendron beckii, UF 279-24558. j, k: Distinct growth rings, abrupt transition from earlywood to latewood, vesselless, wide rays noded at growth ring boundaries, TS. l: Rays of two distinct sizes, uniseriate and multiseriates>10-seriate, TLS. m. Scalariform intertracheary pits. RLS. Scale bars: 500 µm in j; 200 µm in a, f, k, l; 100 µm in b, h; 50 µm in c, d, e, g, i, m.

Text-fig. 3. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Locality Ruprechtice. Scale bars 10 mm. a: lectotype MHNN – Fos 187 figured by Agassiz (1833: pl. 110, fig. 1), photo Alain Germond; b: well preserved body of the specimen NM-M 1095 figured by Fritch (1894: fig. 296, pl. 121, fig. 1). in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 3. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Locality Ruprechtice. Scale bars 10 mm. a: lectotype MHNN – Fos 187 figured by Agassiz (1833: pl. 110, fig. 1), photo Alain Germond; b: well preserved body of the specimen NM-M 1095 figured by Fritch (1894: fig. 296, pl. 121, fig. 1).

Text-fig. 8. a: Paramblypterus zeidleri (FRITSCH, 1895), Lectotype NM-M 901 from the locality Ruprechtice, scale bar 10 mm; b: Paramblypterus cf. rohani, significantly deformed specimen from the locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529, scale bar 10 mm; c: Paramblypterus cf. rohani, significantly deformed specimen from the locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4257, scale bar 10 mm. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 8. a: Paramblypterus zeidleri (FRITSCH, 1895), Lectotype NM-M 901 from the locality Ruprechtice, scale bar 10 mm; b: Paramblypterus cf. rohani, significantly deformed specimen from the locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529, scale bar 10 mm; c: Paramblypterus cf. rohani, significantly deformed specimen from the locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4257, scale bar 10 mm.

Text-fig. 4. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Locality Olivětín. Scale bars 5 mm. a, b: photograph and drawing of the skull. Photograph immersed in ethyl alcohol, NM-M 2461; c, d: photograph and drawing of the skull. Photograph immersed in ethyl alcohol, NM-M 900. Abbreviations: Dhy – dermohyal, Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Ext – extrascapular, Fr – frontal, Ios – infraorbital superior, Ju – jugal, La – lacrymal, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Na – nasal, Na+So – nasal coalesces with the supraorbital anterior, Op – operculum, Otol – otolith, Pa – parietal, Pop – preoperculum, Pt – posttemporal, Ptr – postrostral, Scl – supracleithrum, soc – supraorbital canal, sr – sclerotic ring. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 4. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Locality Olivětín. Scale bars 5 mm. a, b: photograph and drawing of the skull. Photograph immersed in ethyl alcohol, NM-M 2461; c, d: photograph and drawing of the skull. Photograph immersed in ethyl alcohol, NM-M 900. Abbreviations: Dhy – dermohyal, Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Ext – extrascapular, Fr – frontal, Ios – infraorbital superior, Ju – jugal, La – lacrymal, Md – mandible, Mx – maxilla, Na – nasal, Na+So – nasal coalesces with the supraorbital anterior, Op – operculum, Otol – otolith, Pa – parietal, Pop – preoperculum, Pt – posttemporal, Ptr – postrostral, Scl – supracleithrum, soc – supraorbital canal, sr – sclerotic ring.

Text-fig. 12. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a, b: photograph and drawing of four ridge scales in front of the dorsal fin base, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 80178, scale bars 5 mm; c: scale rows from the area between the pectoral and pelvic fins, outer surfaces of the scales bear fine ridges terminating as denticles on the posterior edge of the scales, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scale, from anterior area of the lateral side of the body, with denticulated posterior edge, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; e: isolated scale from the pelvic area of the body, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; f, g: drawing and photograph of the postcleithrum and the scales behind the pectoral girdle (the scales bear conspicuous ridges on their outer surface; well preserved large postcleithrum is without ridges.), locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4915, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Pcl – postcleithrum, Scl – supracleithrum. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 12. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a, b: photograph and drawing of four ridge scales in front of the dorsal fin base, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 80178, scale bars 5 mm; c: scale rows from the area between the pectoral and pelvic fins, outer surfaces of the scales bear fine ridges terminating as denticles on the posterior edge of the scales, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 5 mm; d: isolated scale, from anterior area of the lateral side of the body, with denticulated posterior edge, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; e: isolated scale from the pelvic area of the body, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30945, scale bar 2 mm; f, g: drawing and photograph of the postcleithrum and the scales behind the pectoral girdle (the scales bear conspicuous ridges on their outer surface; well preserved large postcleithrum is without ridges.), locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4915, scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Pcl – postcleithrum, Scl – supracleithrum.

Text-fig. 16. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64662; b: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Stěnava", NM-M 4910; c: right suboperculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30948. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 16. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. a: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64662; b: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Stěnava", NM-M 4910; c: right suboperculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30948.

Text-fig. 11. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated maxilla, cleithrum and supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661; b: left posttemporal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64664; c: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64883; d: anal fin, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529; e: dorsal fin, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Mx – maxilla, Scl – supracleithrum. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 11. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. Arrows indicate directio cranialis. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated maxilla, cleithrum and supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661; b: left posttemporal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64664; c: right operculum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64883; d: anal fin, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4529; e: dorsal fin, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916. Abbreviations: Cl – cleithrum, Mx – maxilla, Scl – supracleithrum.

Text-fig. 5. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Scale bars 5 mm. a: drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Olivětín, NM-M 2213; b, c: photograph and drawing of the left maxila in lateral view, locality Ruprechtice, NM-M 64696; d: right parietal in dorsal view, locality Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", P 64741; e: left maxilla in lateral view, locality Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", P 64738; f, g: photograph and drawing of the left mandible in medial view, locality Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", P 64738. Abbreviations: ap – anterior pit line, Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, eo – edge overlapped by surrounding bones, Fr – frontal, mp – medial pit line, Na – nasal, Pa – parietal, pp – posterior pit line, Ptr – postrostral, soc – supraorbital canal, socp – pores of the supraorbital canal. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 5. Paramblypterus vratislaviensis (AGASSIZ, 1833). Scale bars 5 mm. a: drawing of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Olivětín, NM-M 2213; b, c: photograph and drawing of the left maxila in lateral view, locality Ruprechtice, NM-M 64696; d: right parietal in dorsal view, locality Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", P 64741; e: left maxilla in lateral view, locality Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", P 64738; f, g: photograph and drawing of the left mandible in medial view, locality Ruprechtice "Pod Světlinou", P 64738. Abbreviations: ap – anterior pit line, Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, eo – edge overlapped by surrounding bones, Fr – frontal, mp – medial pit line, Na – nasal, Pa – parietal, pp – posterior pit line, Ptr – postrostral, soc – supraorbital canal, socp – pores of the supraorbital canal.

Text-fig. 10. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. a: the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64665, scale bar 5 mm; b: bones of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4920, scale bar 5 mm; c: right frontal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4923, scale bar 5 mm; d: right dermopterotic in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30943, scale bar 2 mm; e: right supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30944, scale bar 5 mm; f: fragment of not deformed body in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 10 mm; g: right maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661, scale bar 5 mm; h: right maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4922, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Fr – frontal, Pa – parietal. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 10. Paramblypterus cf. rohani. a: the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64665, scale bar 5 mm; b: bones of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4920, scale bar 5 mm; c: right frontal in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4923, scale bar 5 mm; d: right dermopterotic in dorsal view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30943, scale bar 2 mm; e: right supracleithrum in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 30944, scale bar 5 mm; f: fragment of not deformed body in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4916, scale bar 10 mm; g: right maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64661, scale bar 5 mm; h: right maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", NM-M 4922, scale bar 5 mm. Abbreviations: Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Fr – frontal, Pa – parietal.

Text-fig. 17. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: the scales of oblong shape on the lateral side of the body, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; b: drawing of the scales with fine denticles on their posterior edge, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307; c, d: drawing and photograph (whitened) of the scales of lateral side of the body, two times large scales occur in the rows 14, 16, 17, 19 (they are marked with arrows), locality Otovice "Černý potok", NM-M 4912; e: lepidotrichia of the anal fin with sigmoidal sutures between the segments (marked by arrows), locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; f: anterior edge of the dorsal fin and lepidotrichia with sigmoidal sutures between the segments, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; g: anterior edge of the ventral lobe of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; h: the caudal peduncle with begin of bifurcation of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 17. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: the scales of oblong shape on the lateral side of the body, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; b: drawing of the scales with fine denticles on their posterior edge, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307; c, d: drawing and photograph (whitened) of the scales of lateral side of the body, two times large scales occur in the rows 14, 16, 17, 19 (they are marked with arrows), locality Otovice "Černý potok", NM-M 4912; e: lepidotrichia of the anal fin with sigmoidal sutures between the segments (marked by arrows), locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; f: anterior edge of the dorsal fin and lepidotrichia with sigmoidal sutures between the segments, locality Otovice "Stěnava", DP 4307, whitened; g: anterior edge of the ventral lobe of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931, whitened; h: the caudal peduncle with begin of bifurcation of the dorsal and ventral lobes of the caudal fin, locality Otovice, NM-M 4931.

Text-fig. 15. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated left maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64678; b: the skull in lateral view, locality Otovice "Stěnava", G 58; c, d: drawing and photograph of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice, NM-M 4910. Abbreviations: Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Ext – extrascapular, Fr – frontal, Io – infraorbital, ioc – infraorbital canal, Md – mandible, mp – medial pit line, Mx – maxilla, Na – nasal, Op – operculum, Pa – parietal, pp – posterior pit line, soc – supraorbital canal, stc – supratemporal canal. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 15. Aeduellidae. Scale bars 5 mm. a: isolated left maxilla in lateral view, locality Otovice "Chmelnice", P 64678; b: the skull in lateral view, locality Otovice "Stěnava", G 58; c, d: drawing and photograph of the skull roof in dorsal view, locality Otovice, NM-M 4910. Abbreviations: Dpt – dermopterotic, Dsph – dermosphenotic, Ext – extrascapular, Fr – frontal, Io – infraorbital, ioc – infraorbital canal, Md – mandible, mp – medial pit line, Mx – maxilla, Na – nasal, Op – operculum, Pa – parietal, pp – posterior pit line, soc – supraorbital canal, stc – supratemporal canal.

Text-fig. 14. Aeduellidae. a: specimen DP 4307, locality Otovice "Stěnava", scale bar 10 mm; b: specimen NM-M 4931, locality Otovice, scale bar 10 mm. in Actinopterygians Of The Broumov Formation (Permian) In The Czech Part Of The Intra-Sudetic Basin (The Czech Republic)

Text-fig. 14. Aeduellidae. a: specimen DP 4307, locality Otovice "Stěnava", scale bar 10 mm; b: specimen NM-M 4931, locality Otovice, scale bar 10 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Figure 10. Siobla malaisei Mallach, 1933. a–c, f, h, j, m–l in Review of some Siobla (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae) species

Figure 10. Siobla malaisei Mallach, 1933. a–c, f, h, j, m–l. Holotype of S. tuberculatana Wei, 2002, ♀. d–e, g, i, k, n–o. Paratype of S. tuberculatana Wei, 2002, ♂. a. Dorsal view. b. Lateral view. c. Labels. d. Dorsal view. e. Lateral view. f–g. Head in dorsal view. h–i. Head in lateral view. j–k. Thorax in dorsal view. l. Lancet. m. Middle serrulae. n. Gonoforcep. o. Penis valve. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 9. Portnallia. a–j: P. bognorensis M.CHANDLER. a–g: Holotype, V. 30421. a: Oblique lateral view with dorsal surface of locule cast facing towards right side. b: Basal view (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 40 of Chandler 1961). c–g: Micro CT data. c–f: Surface renderings. c: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. d: lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. e: Basal view. f: Apical view. g: Digital transverse section near equatorial position showing (c) to u-shaped locules. h: Apical view of tetralocular fruit, V. 30423 (original illustration from pl. 28, fig. 42 of Chandler 1961). i: Transverse section of specimen in (h), reflected light. j–o: P. sheppeyensis M.CHANDLER, Holotype V. 30428, here synomomized with P. bognorensis, from micro-CT data. j–m: Surface renderings. j: Lateral view with interlocular septum facing forward. k: Lateral view with dorsal surface of locule facing forward. l: Basal view. m: Apical view. n: Digital equatorial transverse section showing the three preserved locules and extensive cracking due to pyrite decomposition. o: Translucent volume rendering, apical view showing (c) to u-shaped locules. Scale bars 2 mm, bar in (a) applies also to (b), bar in (e) applies to also to (c, d), bar in (g) applies also to (f), bar in (j) applies to applies also to (k–m).

Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 8. Lanfrancia subglobosa E.REID et M.CHANDLER. a–c, e–g: Holotype V. 23014. a: reflected light. b, c: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. a, b: Lateral views with dorsal surface of locule facing forward and locule casts protruding in upper part. c: Apical view. d: Fruit showing two locule casts the dorsal surfaces of which face to the left and the right, V. 30417(1). e–g: Successive digital transverse sections showing four u to v to c-shaped locules from micro-CT data. h: Physical transverse section of specimen in (d). i–k: Physical transverse section, V. 30419 from Herne Bay, blue lines in K indicating limits of fibre layer lining the locule. l: Detail from (h), showing sclerenchyma composing the septa and central axis. m: Transverse section, enlargement from (i), showing anatomy of tissues adjacent to the dorsal infold. Blue lines indicate limits of the fibre layer lining the locule. n: Part of (m) recut, tangential section transecting the dorsal infold (central), both limbs of the locule cast, and peripheral parts of the pericarp on either side. o: Detail from (n), showing anatomy of the infold. Scale bars 5 mm in (a–h) (a–g share the same bar), 3 mm in (i), 1 mm in (j–m), 0.5 mm in (n), 0.2 mm in (o).

Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 5. Mastixiopsis nyssoides KIRCHH. a, b, g–n: Organic preservation. a, b: Lignitic, unpermineralized, early Eocene Dorset Pipe clays at Arne, V. 40762. a: Ventral view (original illustration from pl. 18, fig. 1 of Chandler 1962). b: Transverse fracture, somewhat distorted by compression. c–f: Pyrite permineralization. c: Ventral view, V. 22963(1) from Sheppey, originally listed as Mastixia cantiensis. d: Lateral view, V. 22969 from Sheppey (identified as Mastixia grandis by Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 8). e: Equatorial transverse physical section from (c). f: Equatorial transverse physical section from (d). g: Detail of pericarp from (e), showing endocarp formed of dense fibrous tissue, surrounded by mesocarp of anticlinally oriented larger cells. h: Detail of pericarp from (f). i–n: Type material from Eocene of Riestadt, Germany, MNB. i: Ventral view. j, k: Ventral and apical views of holotype. l: View of the transversely fractured surface from (j) showing horseshoe shaped locule. m: Equatorial transverse physical cut of the specimen in (i); note yellow resin cavity (arrow). n: Scanning electron microscopy of pericarp from (l) with locule lining at lower edge of image. Note dense endocarp tissue composed of small cells (fibres and sclereids), extending about 3/5 of distance to periphery, surrounded by mesocarp of larger, anticlinally oriented cells. Scale bars 1 cm in (a–f), (i–k), 1 mm in (g), 2 mm in (h), 3 mm in (l), m, 250 Μm in (n). Bar in (d) applies also to (c). Bar in (l) also applies to (m). Bar in (i) also applies to (j) and (k).

Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm. in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 1. Diplopanax cacaoides (ZENKER) comb. nov. a–d: [Holotype of Mastixia cantia E.REID et M.CHANDLER, V.22953]. a: Lateral view of longitudinally broken specimen, reflected light. b–d: Surface renderings from micro-CT data. b: Lateral view of longitudinal fracture surface. c: Same specimen rotated to show external surface. d: Enlargement of lower half from (a, b), reflected light. e, f: Specimen figured originally as a paratype of M. cantia, V.22954 (Reid and Chandler 1933: pl. 25, fig. 3), reflected light. e: Ventral view with much of the endocarp wall fallen away exposing smooth convex ventral surface of locule cast. f: Transversely fractured surface, showing thick wall of the endocarp, and dehiscence plane leading to the left limb of the locule. g: Transversely sectioned, laterally compressed specimen from Miocene of Wiesa, Germany for comparison, Senckenberg Museum, SM.B. 21034/I. h–j: Digital transverse sections from micro-CT data of the Holotype V.22953. h: Transverse fracture surface from (b), showing curved locule and zone of weakness defining the germination valve (arrow), reflected light. i: Same orientation with clear demarcation of the separation plane of the germination valve (arrow), digital section from micro-CT scan. j: Enlargement from (h). Scale bars 5 mm.

Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5 mm in (a–f), 1 mm in (g–i). in Mastixioid Fruits (Cornales) From The Early Eocene London Clay Flora: Morphology, Anatomy And Nomenclatural Revision

Text-fig. 4. Mastixia cf. oregonensis (R.A.SCOTT) TIFFNEY et HAGGARD from the London Clay, originally included within the concept of M. cantiensis. a–c: V. 22960(1). a: Transverse fracture, showing c-shaped locule, dorsal infold, and sculptured endocarp, reflected light. b: Transverse digital section from micro-CT scan data. c: Surface view of ribbed endocarp extracted from micro-CT data. d: Transverse fracture, reflected light, V. 22955 (originally illustrated in pl. 25, fig. 4 of Reid and Chandler 1933). e, f: Transverse physical section, V. 22963(2) showing U-shaped locule and longitudinal dorsal infold. g–i reflected light. g: Detail from left of (d). h, i: Detail from right of (f). Scale bars 5 mm in (a–f), 1 mm in (g–i).

Text-fig. 6. a: cf. Rubus sp., leaflet Oriolo MSF 676. b, c: cf. Sorbus. b: Oriolo MSF 821. c: MSF 677. d: Spiraea aff. cana Oriolo MSF 944. e: Rhamnus aff. cathartica Oriolo MSF 909. f–l: Ulmus affinis. f: Oriolo MSF 717. g: Oriolo MSF 725. h: Oriolo MSF 724. i: Oriolo MSF 721. j: Oriolo MSF 723. k: Oriolo MSF 637. l: Oriolo MSF 722. m: Zelkova zelkovifolia Oriolo 28 MSF 633. Scale bars 10 mm (a–f, m), 50 mm (g–l). in The Late Early Pleistocene Flora Of Oriolo, Faenza (Italy): Assembly Of The Modern Forest Biome

Text-fig. 6. a: cf. Rubus sp., leaflet Oriolo MSF 676. b, c: cf. Sorbus. b: Oriolo MSF 821. c: MSF 677. d: Spiraea aff. cana Oriolo MSF 944. e: Rhamnus aff. cathartica Oriolo MSF 909. f–l: Ulmus affinis. f: Oriolo MSF 717. g: Oriolo MSF 725. h: Oriolo MSF 724. i: Oriolo MSF 721. j: Oriolo MSF 723. k: Oriolo MSF 637. l: Oriolo MSF 722. m: Zelkova zelkovifolia Oriolo 28 MSF 633. Scale bars 10 mm (a–f, m), 50 mm (g–l).