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2,620 results for “Molecular Phylogeny”
FIGURE 11 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 11. Timetree of nobleobatrachian frogs represented by selected genera and estimated with a Bayesian analysis of sequences from 9 genes, based on a topology obtained from the ML analysis of 17 genes (Figure 8). Numbers on nodes refer to time estimates and credibility intervals of time estimates (Table 2); those in bold are nodes discussed in the text. Illustrations portray the major reproductive modes of the genera and families, with most direct-developing species (i.e., no aquatic larvae) contained in Terrarana (Ceuthomantidae and four other families) that nearly always lay eggs on substrate, and Hemiphractidae that carry their eggs on their backs. Nearly all other nobleobatrachians have aquatic larvae (e.g., tadpoles).
FIGURE 7 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 7. High-resolution tomographs of terraranan frogs representing two families (left, dorsal view; right, ventral view). (A–B) Eleutherodactylidae, Eleutherodactylus gossei (SBH 266440; and (C–D) Strabomantidae, Pristimantis pulvinatus (KU 166368). Scale bars = 5 mm.
FIGURE 4 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 4. Distribution of the family Ceuthomantidae. Lowlands are indicated by green and uplands by brown. Known localities of the new family are indicated in the northeastern and southwestern portions of elevated areas on the Guiana Shield, in Venezuela, Brazil, and Guyana. (1) Mt. Kopinang, Guyana (C. smaragdinus, type locality), (2) Mt. Ayanganna, Guyana C. smaragdinus, referred specimen), (3) Pico Tamacuari, Venezuela and Brazil (C. cavernibardus), (4) Cerro Aracamuni, Venezuela (C. aracamuni), and (5) Sarisariñama Tepui, Venezuela (C. cf. cavernibardus).
FIGURE 3 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 3. High-resolution tomographs of Centhomantis smaragdinus, KU 315000. A dorsal, B. ventral. Scale bar = 5 mm.
FIGURE 2 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the holotype of Ceuthomantis smaragdinus (KU 300000) in life. Photographs by D. B. Means.
FIGURE 1 in A new frog family (Anura: Terrarana) from South America and an expanded direct-developing clade revealed by molecular phylogeny
FIGURE 1. Dorsal view of female paratype of Ceuthomantis smaragdinus, KU 315000 SVL 19.5 mm. Arrows point to the dorsal glandlike structures. The third finger of the right hand is enlarged to show the notched anterior margin of the disc. Photographs by A. Campbell.
FIGURE 22 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURE 22. Bayesian tree of the nagatai species group deduced from the ND2 sequences using the cite-specific model. Numbers beside nodes are the posterior probabilities (PP).
FIGURE 21 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURE 21. ML tree of the nagatai species group deduced from the ND2 sequences (-lnL = 2928.92). Numbers above the branches show the bootstrap percentages (BP) of nodes, those below the branches are the BPs of the corresponding nodes in the MP analysis [1 MP tree found; tree length = 352, consistency index (CI) = 0.8580, retention index (RI) = 0.7126].
FIGURES 1–7 in Taxonomy and molecular phylogeny of the Amiota nagatai species group (Diptera: Drosophilidae)
FIGURES 1–7. Trochanters, femuora and tibiae of hindlegs. 1. Amiota kimurai Chen & Toda; 2. A. nagatai Okada; 3. A. okinawana Okada; 4, 7. A. protuberantis Cao & Chen, sp. nov.; 5. A. bachlii Cao & Chen, sp. nov.; 6. A. chengyuae Cao & Chen, sp. nov. Scale line = 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 3 in Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 3. Representatives of genera of the snake Tribe Alsophiini (Dipsadidae: Xenonodontinae). Subtribe Alsophiina: Alsophis manselli (Woodlands Spring, Montserrat), Borikenophis portoricensis (1.5 km W. Playa de Tamarindo, Puerto Rico), Cubophis cantherigerus (2.0 km W Viñales, Pinar del Rio, Cuba), Hypsirhynchus ferox (Barahona, Barahona, Dominican Republic), Ialtris dorsalis (3 km N Bois Sec, Grand'Anse, Haiti), and Magliophis stahli (1.9 km NE Vista Alegre, Puerto Rico). Subtribe Arrhytonina: Arrhyton taeniatum (0.2 km WE Windmill Beach, Guantanamo Bay Naval Station, Cuba). Subtribe Uromacerina: Uromacer oxyrhynchus (4.4 km W Canada Honda, La Altagracia, Dominican Republic). Photos by S. B. Hedges.
FIGURE 4. A in Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 4. A timetree of Alsophiini. Divergence times and credibility/confidence intervals are shown in Table 3. Plei = Pleistocene. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects the new classification proposed here and detailed in Table 1.
FIGURE 1. A in Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 1. A phylogeny of Alsophiini. Bayesian tree obtained from the combined data set of six genes (RAG2, 12S & 16S rRNA, cytochrome b, ND2 and ND4; 3387 sites). Alsophis portoricensis portoricensis and A. p. anegadae have identical sequences at all genes sampled, and therefore the latter taxon is not shown. Values are ML bootstrap values above 70% followed by Bayesian posterior probabilities above 90%. The generic taxonomy in this tree reflects usage prior to this study and shows paraphyly and polyphyly of Alsophis (blue), Arrhyton (purple), and Antillophis (orange). See Table 1 and Figure 4 for the new classification proposed here.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny, classification, and biogeography of West Indian racer snakes of the Tribe Alsophiini (Squamata, Dipsadidae, Xenodontinae)
FIGURE 2. Map showing the West Indies (including the southern tip of Florida above, Central America to the west, and the northern edge of South America below) and the distributions of the genera of the Tribe Alsophiini, Subfamily Xenodontinae, Family Dipsadidae.
FIGURE 27 in Molecular phylogeny in ' nano-weevils': description of a new subgenus Nanoacalles and two new species of Calacalles from the Macaronesian Islands (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)
FIGURE 27. Habitus (dorsal/lateral view) of Calacalles (Nanoacalles) palmensis (Roudier, 1954) stat. nov., resyn.
FIGURE 1. Bayesian 50 in Molecular phylogeny in ' nano-weevils': description of a new subgenus Nanoacalles and two new species of Calacalles from the Macaronesian Islands (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)
FIGURE 1. Bayesian 50% majority rule consensus using the 16S and CO1 genes. Numbers indicate nodal posterior probabilities. The scale shows the expected nucleotide substitutions per site and the bars next to the tree denote subfamily assignment. Taxonomic changes are indicated (new subgeneric placement only through subgenus bars).
FIGURES 5–8 in Molecular phylogeny in ' nano-weevils': description of a new subgenus Nanoacalles and two new species of Calacalles from the Macaronesian Islands (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)
FIGURES 5–8. Male (aedeagus, ventral/lateral view, Figs. 5, 6) and female genitalia (Figs. 7, 8) of the two new Calacalles species.
FIGURES 2–4 in Molecular phylogeny in ' nano-weevils': description of a new subgenus Nanoacalles and two new species of Calacalles from the Macaronesian Islands (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)
FIGURES 2–4. Habitus (dorsal/lateral view) of the two new Calacalles species in comparison with Calacalles seticollis (Wollaston, 1864).
FIGURES 28–30 in Molecular phylogeny in ' nano-weevils': description of a new subgenus Nanoacalles and two new species of Calacalles from the Macaronesian Islands (Curculionidae: Cryptorhynchinae)
FIGURES 28–30. Comparison of the pronota (dorsal view) of the species of the subgenus Crateracalles.
FIGURE 6 in Molecular phylogeny of Australian Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and taxonomic revision of Gehyra variegata in south-eastern Australia
FIGURE 6. Chin shield scalation and rostral-nasal scalation in Gehyra lazelli. A) tip of snout of SAMA R56407 showing typical arrangement of scales. This specimen has one internasal scale wedged between the supranasals; rostral apex is almost flat in this specimen. B) chin shield arrangement of the holotype (AMS R116972) showing one of the common arrangements. C) chin shields of another specimen (SAMA R63427) showing an additional small chin shield pair contacting the second infralabial. In both, the sublabial row starts at the notched second infralabial. Abbreviations: cc: chin shields (excluding postmentals), il: infralabials, m: mental, pm: postmental, pn: postnasal, r: rostral, sbl: sublabials, sl: supralabials, sn: supranasal.
FIGURE 2 in Molecular phylogeny of Australian Gehyra (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and taxonomic revision of Gehyra variegata in south-eastern Australia
FIGURE 2. Bayesian majority rule consensus phylogenetic tree showing relationships among mitochondrial ND2 haplotypes in Gehyra. Asterisks indicate nodes that had Bayesian posterior probabilities> 95% and non-parametric bootstrap proportions from 1000 ML pseudoreplicates of> 70%. The outgroups Cyrtodactylus, Hemiphyllodactylus and Lepidodactylus were used to root the tree. See Appendix for specimen numbers (either ABTC [no letter at beginning of specimens number] or WAM registration number [begins with W]) and other details.
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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