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1,362 results for “Mygalomorpha”
Data from: Taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Eucteniza ausserer (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Euctenizidae)
The mygalomorph spider genus Eucteniza Ausserer, 1875 comprises 15 nominal species known only from the southwestern United States (Texas) and Mexico (Northern, Central, and the Baja Peninsula). Eucteniza atoyacensis Bond and Opell, 2002 is considered a nomen dubium; E. rex (Chamberlin, 1940) and E. stolida (Gertsch and Mulaik, 1940) are both considered junior synonyms of E. relata (O.P.-Cambridge, 1895). Twelve new species are described: E. caprica, E. coylei, E. diablo, E. cabowabo, E. huasteca, E. zapatista, E. chichimeca, E. ronnewtoni, E. hidalgo, E. golondrina, E. panchovillai, and E. rosalia.
Data from: Phylogenetic treatment and taxonomic revision of the trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Euctenizidae)
This systematic study documents the taxonomy, diversity, and distribution of 40 species of the predominately Californian trapdoor spider genus Aptostichus Simon, 1891. Thirty-three of these species are newly described: Aptostichus dantrippi, Aptostichus cabrillo, Aptostichus pennjillettei, Aptostichus asmodaeus, Aptostichus nateevansi, Aptostichus chiricahua, Aptostichus icenoglei, Aptostichus isabella, Aptostichus muiri, Aptostichus barackobamai, Aptostichus sinnombre, Aptostichus hedinorum, Aptostichus aguacaliente, Aptostichus chemehuevi, Aptostichus sarlacc, Aptostichus derhamgiulianii, Aptostichus anzaborrego, Aptostichus serrano, Aptostichus mikeradtkei, Aptostichus edwardabbeyi, Aptostichus killerdana, Aptostichus cahuilla, Aptostichus satleri, Aptostichus elisabethae, Aptostichus fornax, Aptostichus lucerne, Aptostichus fisheri, Aptostichus bonoi, Aptostichus cajalco, Aptostichus sierra, Aptostichus huntington, Aptostichus dorothealangeae, and Aptostichus chavezi. Most of these species are restricted to the California Floristic Province, a known biodiversity hotspot. Of the 40 recognized species, over half are considered to be imperiled or vulnerable and two have likely gone extinct over the past half-century; the conservation status of only 11 species is considered to be secure. Using 73 quantitative and qualitative morphological characters I propose a preliminary phylogeny for the genus that recognizes four major lineages: the Atomarius, Simus, Hesperus, and Sierra species groups. Additionally, the phylogenetic analysis indicates that adaptations favoring the invasion of the arid desert habitats of southern California have evolved multiple times across the group. The existence of both desert and non - desert species in three of the four species groups makes this genus an ideal candidate for the study of the evolutionary ecology of desert arthropods. A set of molecular characters based on the contiguous mitochondrial DNA genes 16S-tRNA valine-12S is used in an independent analysis to assist in placement of specimens into species. The taxonomy section explicitly identifies the concept employed in species delimitation. Niche based distribution models are constructed to predict the ranges of species for which an adequate number of sampling sites were known.
Data from: Sky island diversification meets the multispecies coalescent – divergence in the spruce-fir moss spider (Microhexura montivaga, Araneae, Mygalomorphae) on the highest peaks of southern Appalachia
Microhexura montivaga is a miniature tarantula-like spider endemic to the highest peaks of the southern Appalachian mountains and is known only from six allopatric, highly disjunct montane populations. Because of severe declines in spruce-fir forest in the late 20th century, M. montivaga was formally listed as a US federally endangered species in 1995. Using DNA sequence data from one mitochondrial and seven nuclear genes, patterns of multigenic genetic divergence were assessed for six montane populations. Independent mitochondrial and nuclear discovery analyses reveal obvious genetic fragmentation both within and among montane populations, with five to seven primary genetic lineages recovered. Multispecies coalescent validation analyses [guide tree and unguided Bayesian Phylogenetics and Phylogeography (BPP), Bayes factor delimitation (BFD)] using nuclear-only data congruently recover six or seven distinct lineages; BFD analyses using combined nuclear plus mitochondrial data favour seven or eight lineages. In stark contrast to this clear genetic fragmentation, a survey of secondary sexual features for available males indicates morphological conservatism across montane populations. While it is certainly possible that morphologically cryptic speciation has occurred in this taxon, this system may alternatively represent a case where extreme population genetic structuring (but not speciation) leads to an oversplitting of lineage diversity by multispecies coalescent methods. Our results have clear conservation implications for this federally endangered taxon and illustrate a methodological issue expected to become more common as genomic-scale data sets are gathered for taxa found in naturally fragmented habitats.
FIGURES 9–10 in A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history
FIGURES 9–10. Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., variation in spine pattern on left leg I of males; retrolateral aspect, top; prolateral aspect, bottom. 9, MY 559; 10, MY 560. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 11–15 in A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history
FIGURES 11–15. Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., females. 11, spermathecae. Variation of spinule patch on left leg metatarsus I. 12, MY 563; 13, MY 564; 14, MY 568; 15, MY 569. Scale bar = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 16–19 in A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history
FIGURES 16–19. Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., trapdoor and architecture of excavated burrow. 16, trapdoor closed, top view; 17, trapdoor open, lateral view; 18, closeup view of inside trapdoor, the arrow is pointing to small pits; 19, trapdoor open, oblique view.
FIGURES 1–2 in A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history
FIGURES 1–2. Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., live habitus images. 1, female; 2, holotype male. Scale bars = 5.0 mm.
FIGURES 3–8 in A new species of Stasimopus from the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa (Araneae, Mygalomorphae, Ctenizidae), with notes on its natural history
FIGURES 3–8. Stasimopus mandelai sp. nov., holotype male (MY 557). 3, left leg I, retrolateral aspect; 4, left leg I, prolateral aspect; 5, pedipalp, patella to bulb, retrolateral aspect; 6, pedipalp, distal portion, ventral aspect. Paratype male (MY 559). 7, leg I, retrolateral aspect; 8, pedipalp, retrolateral aspect (box showing enlarged view of palpal organ). Scale bars for legs = 2.0 mm; for pedipalps = 1.0 mm.
FIGURES 16–19. M. thorelli, male. 16–17 in First record of the Mecicobothriidae Holmberg from Brazil, with a description of a new species of Mecicobothrium (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 16–19. M. thorelli, male. 16–17. Male palpal bulb; 16. Dorsal-prolateral view; 17. Dorsal-apical view; 18–19. Cheliceral apophysis, frontal view. Scale bars = 100 μm.
FIGURES 20–26. Mecicobothrium spp., male. 20, 22–25. M. baccai n in First record of the Mecicobothriidae Holmberg from Brazil, with a description of a new species of Mecicobothrium (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 20–26. Mecicobothrium spp., male. 20, 22–25. M. baccai n. sp. 20. Male body, dorsal view; 22–24. Male palp. 22. Prolateral view; 23. Retrolateral view; 24. Ventral view; 25. Endites and sternum, ventral view; 21, 26. M. thorelli. 21. Male body, dorsal view; 26. Endites and sternum, ventral view. Scale bars = 0,5 mm. Photos: R. P. Indicatti.
FIGURES 1–5. Mecicobothrium baccai n in First record of the Mecicobothriidae Holmberg from Brazil, with a description of a new species of Mecicobothrium (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 1–5. Mecicobothrium baccai n. sp., left male palpal. 1. Prolateral view; 2. Ventral view; 3. Retrolateral view; 4. Cymbium, ventral view, with bulb omitted; 5. Bulb, dorsal view. Scale bars = 0,5 mm.
FIGURES 6–11. M. baccai n in First record of the Mecicobothriidae Holmberg from Brazil, with a description of a new species of Mecicobothrium (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 6–11. M. baccai n. sp., male. 6–7. Cheliceral apophysis. 6. Dorsal view; 7. Dorsalfrontal view; 8. Teeth of chelicerae, promarginal view. 9. Serrula, dorsal view; 10. Cymbium and embolus, retrolateral-dorsal view; 11. Cymbium and bulb, right border, prolateral-dorsal view. Scale bars: Figs. 6–9, 11 = 100 μm; Fig. 10 = 10 μm.
FIGURES 12–15. Mecicobothrium spp., male. 12–14. M. baccai n in First record of the Mecicobothriidae Holmberg from Brazil, with a description of a new species of Mecicobothrium (Araneae, Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 12–15. Mecicobothrium spp., male. 12–14. M. baccai n. sp. 12. Tarsus I, prolateral view; 13. Tarsal claw I, prolateral view; 14. Tarsal organ, leg III, dorsal view. 15. M. thorelli. 15. Embolus, ventral view. Scale bars: Fig. 12 = 100 μm; Figs. 13, 15 = 10 μm, Fig. 14 = 1 μm.
FIGURES 46–47 in Ami, a new Theraphosid genus from Central and South America, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 46–47. Two most parsimonious cladograms of Ami species and outgroup (Pseudohapalopus species) obtained by TNT (implicit enumeration). Length = 18, Consistency Index = 94, Retention Index = 93.
FIGURES 17–38. Ami species. 17–18. A in Ami, a new Theraphosid genus from Central and South America, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 17–38. Ami species. 17–18. A. bladesi, male, left palpal organ,. 17. Prolateral view; 18. Retrolateral view. 19– 20. A. obscura, male, right palpal organ. 19. Retrolateral view, 20. Prolateral view. 21. A. obscura, male, right tibial apophyses, proventral view. 22-23. Ami pijaos, male, left palpal tibiae, showing retrolateral process. 22. Dorsal view; 23. Ventral view. 24–27. A. pijaos, male, left palpal organ. 24. Prolateral view. 25. Retrolateral view; 26. Prodorsal view. 27. Retrodorsal view. 28. A. pijaos, male, left tibial apophyses, proventral view. 29. A. pijaos, spermathecae, ventral view. 30. Ami amazonica, female,dorsal view. 31. A. amazonica, spermathecae, ventral view. 32. A. weinmanni, male, left palpal tibia, dorsal view, showing two retrolateral processes. 33. A. weinmanni, male, left tibial apophyses, proventral view. 34–35. A. weinmanni, male, left palpal organ. 34. Prolateral view; 35. Retrolateral view. 36. A. weinmanni, spermathecae, ventral view. 37–38. Ami weinmanni, dorsal view. 37. Male; 38. Female.
FIGURES 39-45. Ami species. 39. A in Ami, a new Theraphosid genus from Central and South America, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 39-45. Ami species. 39. A. yupanquii, female, habitus. 40. A. bladesi, male, habitus. 41. A. pijaos, male, habitus. 42. A. amazonica, female, habitus. 43–44. Ami weinmanni, female tarsus II, ventral view. 43. Tarsal scopula with distal rhomboidal group of longer setae. 44. Close-up of distal tarsal scopula showing group of longer setae. 45. A. weinmanni, male, modified Type I abdominal urticating hairs, with area b longer than usual.
FIGURES 1–16. Ami species. 1–4 in Ami, a new Theraphosid genus from Central and South America, with the description of six new species (Araneae: Mygalomorphae)
FIGURES 1–16. Ami species. 1–4. Left palpal tibiae, males, dorsal view, showing two retrolateral processes. 1. Ami obscura; 2. Ami bladesi; 3. Ami yupanqui; 4. Ami caxiuana. 5–6. Ami caxiuana, dorsal view. 5. Male; 6. Female. 7–8. Left palpal organ, A. caxiuana, male. 7. Prolateral view, showing keels and granular area; 8. Retrolateral view. 9. A. caxiuana, spermathecae, ventral view. 10. A. caxiuana, left tibial apophyses, male, proventral view. 11–13. A. yupanquii, male, left palpal organ. 11. Prolateral view showing ventral flattened area (on left); 12. Retrolateral view; 13. Dorsal view. 14. A. yupanquii, male, left tibial apophyses, proventral view. 15. A. yupanquii, spermathecae, ventral view. 16. A. bladesi, male, left tibial apophyses, proventral view.
FIGURE 19 in Two new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock 1901 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, with a new type of stridulatory organ
FIGURE 19. Records of Pamphobeteus species in South America, based on the type locality (included only species whose type is a male) and the examined material of P. crassifemur sp. nov. and P. grandis sp. nov. A geographic distribution with northern males having slender bulb and southern males having thicker embolus is visible.
FIGURES 1–6 in Two new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock 1901 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, with a new type of stridulatory organ
FIGURES 1–6. Pamphobeteus crassifemur sp. nov.. 1–5 Male holotype. 1–3. Palpal bulb. 1, retrolateral, 2, prolateral, 3, dorsal. 4, Tibial apophysis, ventral. 5, Leg. III, dorsal. (6) Female paratype, spermathecae.
FIGURES 13–17 in Two new species of Pamphobeteus Pocock 1901 (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Brazil, with a new type of stridulatory organ
FIGURES 13–17. Pamphobeteus grandis sp. nov.. 13–16 Male holotype. 13–15. Palpal bulb. 13, prolateral, 14, retrolateral, 15, dorsal. 16, Tibial apophysis, ventral. 17 Female paratype, spermathecae.
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