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3,682 results for “ROOTS”
The AUX1-AFB1-CNGC14 module establishes a longitudinal root surface pH profile main figures
<p>Raw microscopy data associated with the publication "The AUX1-AFB1-CNGC14 module establishes a longitudinal root surface pH profile" in elife journal.</p> <p>Main figures</p>
Datasets for "Generic and robust root cause localization for multi-dimensional data in online service systems"
<p>For simulation datasets, the ground-truth root causes are in <code>injection_info.csv</code> in each subfolder.</p> <p>For injection datasets, each subdirectory contains monitoring data for one fault injection. Their ground-truth root causes are indicated by the subdirectory names.</p> <p><br> <a href="https://github.com/NetManAIOps/PSqueeze">NetManAIOps/PSqueeze (github.com)</a></p>
Data from: Sorghum bicolor TX08001 nodal root tissue development gene expression profiling
<div class="page"> <div class="section"> <div class="layoutArea"> <div class="column"> <p>Bioenergy sorghum's large nodal root system enables deposition of soil organic carbon deep in soil profiles aiding production of low carbon intensity biofuels from this crop. During bioenergy sorghum's long growing season, plants produce ~175 nodal roots In review bearing lateral roots that take up water and nutrients from >2 m deep in soil profiles, and aerial roots that support a complex phyllosphere. In the current study, nodal root bud development, a slow process spanning ~40 days, was characterized using microscopy and transcriptome analysis. A first ring of 10-15 nodal root buds was initiated in the stem pulvinus of phytomer 7 near sub-epidermal vascular bundles. A second ring of buds formed above the first ring much later in phytomer development. Nascent nodal root buds from phytomer 7 exhibited relatively high expression of pericycle marker genes (PFA) and genes involved in auxin transport (ABCB19, PIN4, LAX2), cytokinin signaling (TSO, MYB3R1), and cell proliferation (CYCB2;4, CDKB2;1, REM1).</p> <p>Following initiation, expression of genes involved in cell proliferation and cytokinin-signaling decreased while expression of genes involved in proliferative arrest, ABA-signaling, dormancy and stress tolerance increased. Further bud development was correlated with increased expression of WOX11 and PLT5 followed by PLT2, PLT4 and genes encoding RGF peptides that regulate PLT-expression and bud development. Expression of the ARF7-regulated LBD29, a gene required for nodal root formation, increased in parallel with increasing bud size to a maximum late in NRB development. Appearance of the nodal root bud cap late in development coincided with expression of SMB and FEZ, whereas genes such as WOX5 and two MYB36 family members were expressed at higher levels in outgrowing aerial roots. Genes involved in gibberellin, brassinosteroid, strigolactone, ethylene, jasmonate, salicyclic acid, and eATP signaling showed complex patterns of expression during nodal root bud formation. Overall, this study provides a detailed description of bioenergy sorghum nodal root bud development and transcriptome information useful for molecular analysis of networks that regulate nodal root development.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div>
Root functional traits and growth rates in savanna trees and grasses
<p>Root-based functional traits are relatively overlooked as drivers of savanna plant community dynamics, an important gap in water-limited ecosystems. Recent work has shed light on patterns of trait coordination in roots, but less is known about the relationship between root functional traits, water acquisition, and plant demographic rates. Here, we investigated how fine-root vascular and morphological traits are related in two dominant PFTs (C<sub>3</sub> trees and C<sub>4</sub> grasses from the savanna biome), whether root traits can predict plant relative growth rate (RGR), and whether root trait relationships differ in trees and grasses. We used root data from 21 tree and 18 grass species grown under greenhouse conditions, and quantified a suite of vascular and morphological root traits. We used a principal components analysis (PCA) to identify common axes of trait variation, compared trait correlation matrices between the two PFTs, and investigated the relationship between PCA axes and individual traits and RGR. We found that there was no clear single axis integrating vascular and morphological traits, but found that vascular anatomy predicted RGR in both trees and grasses. Trait correlation matrices differed in trees and grasses, suggesting potentially divergent patterns of trait coordination between the two functional types. Our results suggested that, despite differences in trait relationships between trees and grasses, root conductivity may constrain maximum growth rate in both PFTs, highlighting the critical role that water relations play in savanna vegetation dynamics and suggesting that root water transport capacity is an important predictor of plant performance in the savanna biome.</p>
Original data for for intercropped maize experiments, root barrier experiments in intercropped maize, and unilateral shading experiments
<p><span>Intercropping improves resource utilization and yield; however, shading causes a decline in yield. Under wide-narrow-row maize-soybean intercropping, maize plants are subjected to weak unilateral illumination and exhibit high photosynthetic performance. However, the mechanism regulating photosynthesis under unilateral weak light remains unknown. Therefore, we conducted an experiment with different planting configurations and two controlled environments to investigate photosynthesis, sugar metabolism, and photosynthate allocation in unshaded and shaded leaves under weak light. All three experiments detected an increase in the net photosynthetic rate (<em>Pn</em>) of unshaded leaves on one side with an increase in the level of shade on the other side leaves. On the contrary, the concentration of sucrose and starch and the number of starch granules in the unshaded leaves decreased with increased shading due to the transfer of abundant <sup>13</sup>C into the grains. However, sink loss with ear removal reduced the <em>Pn</em> of unshaded leaves, limiting their ability to transport sugar. Detailed analysis showed that intense unilateral shade (40% to 20% normal light) reduced grain yield (37.6% to 54.4%) but not mild unilateral shade (60% normal light). We further found that in unshaded leaves, <em>Agpsl, Bmy, </em>and<em> Mexl</em>-like significantly influenced sucrose and starch metabolism, while <em>Sweet13a</em> and <em>Sut1</em> were crucial for sugar export. <em>Sps1, Agpsl, </em>and<em> Sweet13c</em> were crucial for sugar metabolism and export in shaded leaves. Thus, our study confirmed that under unilateral illumination, unshaded leaves, which transported photosynthates to the ear, contributed significantly to the grain filling and reduced sugar concentration, resulting in a higher photosynthetic performance, while the shaded leaves synthesized fewer photosynthates, primarily for their growth and development. We, therefore, propose a narrow-row spacing (40 cm) that provides appropriate unilateral shade (60% normal light) and limits yield reduction in a wide-narrow-row intercropping system. </span></p>
Data from: Root-exuded benzoxazinoids can alleviate negative plant-soil feedbacks
<p><span>Plants can suppress the growth of other plants by modifying soil properties. These negative plant-soil feedbacks are often species-specific, suggesting that some plants possess resistance strategies. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. </span><span>Here, we investigated if and how benzoxazinoids, a class of dominant secondary metabolites that are exuded into the soil by maize and other cereals, influence plant-soil feedbacks. </span><span>We find that three out of five tested crop species suppress maize (<em>Zea mays</em>) performance via negative plant-soil feedbacks relative to the mean across species. This effect is partially alleviated by the capacity of maize plants to produce benzoxazinoids. Soil complementation with purified benzoxazinoids is sufficient to restore the protective effect for benzoxazinoid-deficient mutants. Sterilization and re-inoculation experiments suggest that benzoxazinoid-mediated protection acts via changes in soil biota. Substantial variation of the protective effect between experiments and soil types illustrates that its magnitude is context-dependent. In summary, our study demonstrates that plant secondary metabolites can confer resistance to negative plant-soil feedbacks. These findings expand the functional repertoire of plant secondary metabolites and reveal a mechanism by which plants can resist negative soil feedbacks. The uncovered phenomenon may represent a promising avenue to stabilize plant performance in crop rotations in the future.</span></p>
Root litter decomposition is suppressed in species mixtures and in the presence of living roots
<p>Plant species diversity and identity can significantly modify litter decomposition, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive, particularly for root litter. Here, we aimed to disentangle the mechanisms by which plant species diversity alters root litter decomposition We hypothesised that 1) interactions between species in mixed communities result in litter that decomposes faster than litter produced in monocultures; 2) litter decomposition is accelerated in the presence of living plants, especially when the litter and living plant identities are matched (known as home field advantage).</p> <p>Monocultures and a mixture of four common grassland species were established to obtain individual litter and a 'natural' root litter mixture. An 'artificial' mixed litter was created using litter from monocultures, mixed in the same proportions as the species composition in the natural litter mixtures based on qPCR measurements. These six root litter types were incubated in four monocultures, a four-species mixture, and an unplanted soil.</p> <p>Root decomposition was strongly affected by root litter identity and the presence, but not diversity, of living roots. Mixed-species litter decomposed slower than expected based on the decomposition of single-species litters. In addition, the presence of living roots suppressed decomposition independent of the match between litter and living plant identities. Decomposition was not significantly different between the 'natural' and 'artificial' root litter mixtures, indicating that root-root interactions in species mixtures did not affect root chemical quality.</p> <p>Synthesis: Suppressed decomposition in the presence of living roots indicates that interactions between microbial communities associated with living roots and root litter control root litter decomposition. As we found no support for the importance of home field advantage or interspecific root interactions in modifying decomposition, suppressed decomposition of mixed-species litter seems to be primarily driven by chemical rather than biotic interactions.</p>
Data for: Potential of root acid phosphatase activity to reduce phosphorus fertilization in maize cultivated in Brazil
<p><strong>Potential of root acid phosphatase activity to reduce phosphorus fertilization in maize cultivated in Brazil</strong></p> <p class="Texto"><span>It is urgent to mitigate the environmental impacts resulting from agriculture, especially in highly biodiverse and threatened areas, as the Brazilian Cerrado. We aim to investigate whether root acid phosphatase activity is an alternative plant strategy for nutrient acquisition in maize genotypes cultivated under fertilized and unfertilized conditions in Brazil, potentially contributing to reducing the use of phosphate fertilizers needed for production. Three experiments were performed: the first was conducted in a glasshouse, with 17 experimental maize inbred lines and two phosphorus (P) treatments; the second in the field, with three maize inbred lines and two treatments, one without fertilization and another with NPK fertilization; and the third was also carried out in the field, with 13 commercial hybrids, grown either under NK or under NPK treatment. Plant variables were measured and tested for the response to fertilization, differences amongst genotypes and response to root acid phosphatase activity. The activity of root acid phosphatase was modulated by the availability of P and nitrogen (N) in the soil and promoted grain filling of commercial hybrids in soils with low P availability. These results demonstrate that it is possible to select genotypes that are more adapted to low soil P availability aiming at organic production or to use genotypes that have high phosphatase activity under P fertilization to reduce the amount of added P needed for maize production in Brazil. </span></p>
Roots tips 3D trajectory reconstructed from stereovision cameras
<p>Dataset of 3D trajectories of root tips of maize plants in the first week of growth. 3D reconstruction obtained using a system based on stereovision with 2 cameras having IR (infra-red) sensors to capture motion in dark conditions. </p> <p>Plant Species: <em>Zea Mays (B72) L.</em></p>
Root-centric β diversity reveals functional homogeneity while phylogenetic heterogeneity in a subtropical forest
<p>Root-centric studies have revealed fast taxonomic turnover across root neighborhoods, but how such turnover is accompanied by changes in species functions and phylogeny (i.e. β diversity), which can reflect the degree of community-wide biotic homogenization, remains largely unknown, hindering better inference of below-ground assembly rules, community structuring, and ecosystem processes. We collected 2480 root segments from 625 0–30 cm soil profiles in a subtropical forest in China. Root segments were identified into 143 species with DNA-barcoding with six root morphological and architectural traits measured per species. By using the mean pairwise (Dpw) and mean nearest neighbor distance (Dnn) to quantify species ecological differences, we tested the non-random functional and phylogenetic turnover of root neighborhoods that would lend more support to deterministic over stochastic community assembly processes, examined the distance-decay pattern of β diversity, and finally partitioned β diversity into geographical and environmental components to infer their potential drivers of environmental filtering, dispersal limitation, and biotic interactions. We found that functional turnover was often lower than expected given the taxonomic turnover, whereas phylogenetic turnover was often higher than expected. Both functional and phylogenetic Dpw (e.g. interfamily species) turnover exhibited a distance-decay pattern, likely reflecting limited dispersal or abiotic filtering that leads to the spatial aggregation of specific plant lineages. Conversely, phylogenetic Dnn (e.g. intrageneric species) exhibited an inverted distance-decay pattern, likely reflecting strong biotic interactions among spatially and phylogenetically close species leading to phylogenetic divergence. While the spatial distance was generally a better predictor of β diversity than environmental distance, the joint effect of environmental and spatial distance usually overrode their respective pure effects. These findings suggest that root neighborhood functional homogeneity may somewhat increase forest resilience after disturbance by exhibiting an insurance effect. Likewise, root neighborhood phylogenetic heterogeneity may enhance plant fitness by hindering the transmission of host-specific pathogens through root networks or by promoting interspecific niche complementarity not captured by species functions. Our study highlights the potential role of root-centric β diversity in mediating community structures and functions largely ignored in previous studies.</p>
Positioning absorptive root respiration in the root economics space across woody and herbaceous species
<p>Root respiration is essential for nutrient acquisition. The respiration rate of absorptive roots theoretically relates to the economics of carbon-nutrient exchange, but its empirical role remains largely unexplored in the trait space defining nutrient uptake strategies. Here, we measured the respiration rates of the distal, non-woody, absorptive roots of 252 woody and herbaceous species from subtropical and temperate climate zones, including both arbuscular mycorrhizal and ectomycorrhizal fungal hosts. We found a consistent and positive correlation between root respiration rate and specific root length (root length per dry weight), irrespective of growth form, mycorrhizal type, and climate zone. Root respiration rate was also positively, but less strongly and less frequently correlated with root nitrogen concentration. Root morphology strongly explained the fast-slow gradient of root respiration in the root economics space. By quantifying the ratio of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal DNA copy number and root tissue DNA copy number using qPCR, we found that the morphology-driven gradient did not explain the full variation in fungal collaboration; thick roots were consistently well colonized, but medium and thin roots displayed a wide range of colonization intensity. Synthesis: These results advance our understanding of the fundamental trait relationships that underpin the root economics space. Our study also provides a physiological linkage to the frequently-measured root morphological traits and relates the root economics space to root-derived carbon-nutrient cycling processes.</p>
Rooting motivation in growing-finishing pigs
<p>Rooting is a strongly motivated, species-specific behaviour of pigs. Most housing systems do not provide appropriate materials that enable the full expression of this behaviour, and it remains unclear whether straw is an appropriate rooting material. We therefore investigated the suitability of small (minimal) and large (deep) amounts of straw as well as large amounts of compost to satisfy rooting motivation in pigs. Fifty-seven growing-finishing pigs were housed in three pens, each providing permanent access to one of the three treatment substrates. Eight pigs per group were tested individually in a conditioned place preference test (CPPT) and another eight pigs in a classical preference test (PT). In the tests, pigs could show their preference to consume freely available food ("feed") or food hidden in sawdust ("root"). In the CPPT, food was only present during training but not during testing. Pigs were exposed to the test situation twice, with approximately 72 kg and 115 kg body weight. In both tests, the following variables were measured and used as outcome variables in linear mixed effect models: first decision to choose one of the two stimuli ("feed" or "root"), duration of time spent in proximity to "root", number of changes between stimuli, and latency to the first decision. Overall, the pigs' first decision (<i>P</i> = 0.076) and the duration in proximity to "root" (<i>P</i> = 0.034) varied among treatments: Pigs housed with minimal straw were more likely to choose "root" first (post hoc comparison; <i>P</i> = 0.090) and spent more time in proximity to "root" (<i>P</i> = 0.030) than pigs housed with compost, whereas pigs housed with deep straw were intermediate. Interestingly, the patterns of response to the treatment differed depending on the behavioural tests for both, first decision (interaction; <i>P</i> = 0.032) and duration in proximity to "root" (interaction; <i>P</i> = 0.006). In addition, pigs in the PT changed more often between stimuli than pigs in the CPPT (<i>P</i> < 0.001). There was an interactive effect between test and treatment for latency to first decision (interaction; <i>P</i> = 0.082), though pairwise comparisons did not reveal any differences. We concluded that in this study housing with permanent access to compost satisfied rooting motivation in pigs more than housing with minimal amounts of straw.</p>
Apothecary vessel for the five-root syrup
ID no.: KGZ 5941 Museum: The Museum of Pharmacy at the Jagiellonian University Medical College in Kraków https://muzea.malopolska.pl/en/objects-list/967 Digitalisation: RDW MIC, Virtual Małopolska project Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Comparison of Two Medications Aimed at Slowing Aortic Root Enlargement in Individuals With Marfan Syndrome
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00429364. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 3. Publications: 3.
Sonendo GentleWave™ System for Treatment in Molar Teeth Requiring Root Canal Therapy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02285595. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 61.
A Safety and Effectiveness Trial of Spinal Cord Stimulation of the Dorsal Root Ganglion for Chronic Lower Limb Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01923285. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Efficacy of Different Drugs to Control Post Root Canal Treatment Pain
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02417337. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 7.
Outcomes of Pulpotomy and Root Canal Treatment in Teeth With Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT07375576. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
Study of Aortic Root Reimplantation Procedure
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01787604. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
A Phase II Biomarker Trial of Gelatin Encapsulated Extract of American Ginseng Root (LEAG) in Breast Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00631852. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
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