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Figs. 7–12 in Phylogenetic Relationships Among Yellowjackets and the Evolution of Social Parasitism (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Vespinae)
Figs. 7–12. Characters of yellowjackets. 7–8, head in lateral view. 7, Dolichovespula norvegicoides (Sladen). 8, D. adulterina (du Buysson). 9–10, head in frontal view. 9, Vespula rufa (Linnaeus). 10, D. alpicola Eck. 11, head in lateral view, D. arenaria (Fabricius). 12, mandibular teeth, V. germanica (Fabricius). All scale bars equal 1 mm.
Fig. 4 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 4. Reproductive phases: a) Female laying eggs while male waits to fertilize them. This process is then repeated; b) Spawn on a flat dark stone. Generally between 400 - 800 eggs are laid, depending on female size; c) Female guarding the eggs while male attacks an intruder male. Generally one of the parents remains guarding the fry while the other feeds or defends the territory; d) Female fanning non swimming fry after transferring them to a previously dug pit; fry hatched 3 days after fertilization; e) Male guarding free swimming fry (8 days after fertilization); parents seem to attract the fry by shaking its dark pelvic fin.
Fig. 2 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 2. Body color patterns associated with different social status; a) Schematic representation of the main features of Cichlasoma dimerus color pattern. A: red eye blotch; B: preopercular blotch, C: anterior longitudinal line; D: mid trunk blotch; E: posterior longitudinal line; F: peduncular blotch; G: dorsal transversal bars; H: ventral transversal bars. These features may "turn on" or "off" in different conditions; b) Gregarious individuals; c) Reproductive Territorial male (RT); d) Reproductive Territorial female. e) Non Reproductive Territorial male (nRnT); f) Non Reproductive non Territorial (nRnT) individual. Scale bar = 1 cm
Fig. 1 in Social and reproductive physiology and behavior of the Neotropical cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus under laboratory conditions
Fig. 1. Distribution of different social status fish on the experimental aquaria: a) Picture of the experimental aquaria; b) Schematic representation. Abbreviations of social statuses used: nRnT = non Reproductive non Territorial individuals; nRT = non Reproductive Territorial individual; RT = Reproductive Territorial individual. For a detailed description of these social statuses see Table 3.
Figure 2 in Molecular systematics of social skinks: phylogeny and taxonomy of the Egernia group (Reptilia: Scincidae)
Figure 2. Strict consensus tree of the MP and Bayesian trees, showing suggested generic break up of Egernia.
Figure 1. A in Molecular systematics of social skinks: phylogeny and taxonomy of the Egernia group (Reptilia: Scincidae)
Figure 1. A, the strict consensus of the six equally most parsimonious trees (each of length 3021 steps), with bootstrap proportions> 50% shown. B, Bayesian tree. Posterior probability values are shown at relevant nodes.
Combining epidemiological and ecological methods to quantify social effects on E. coli transmission
<p>Enteric microparasites like <i>Escherichia coli</i> utilize multiple transmission pathways to propagate within and between host populations. Characterizing the relative transmission risk attributable to host social relationships, and direct physical contact between individuals is paramount for understanding how microparasites like <i>E. coli </i>spread within affected communities and estimating colonization rates. To measure these effects, we carried out commensal <i>E. coli</i> transmission experiments in two cattle (<i>Bos taurus</i>) herds, wherein all individuals were equipped with real-time location tracking devices. Following transmission experiments in this model system, we derived temporally dynamic social and contact networks from location data. Estimated social affiliations, and dyadic contact frequencies during transmission experiments informed pairwise accelerated failure time models that we used to quantify effects of these sociobehavioral variables on weekly <i>E. coli</i> colonization risk in these populations. We found that sociobehavioral variables alone were ultimately poor predictors of <i>E. coli</i> colonization in feedlot cattle, but can have significant effects on colonization hazard rates (<i>p </i>≤ 0.05). We show, however, that observed effects were not consistent between similar populations. This work demonstrates that transmission experiments can be combined with real-time location data collection and processing procedures to create an effective framework for quantifying sociobehavioral effects on microparasite transmission.</p>
Dataset - University Social Responsibility in the context of Social Appropriation of Knowledge: A Systematic Literature Mapping Approach (2015-2020)
<p>From abstract:</p> <p>University Social Responsibility (USR) should be seen beyond a yearly report and be understood as a process of Social Appropriation of Knowledge (SAK) though different stakeholders around higher education. The object of this literature mapping is to analyze the recent developments regarding USR regarding SAK in a higher education context where different stakeholders are involved. Following a PRISMA flow mapping process, six general-designed questions of 286 articles are revised for this paper as to discover how SAK happens within universities. All articles were retrieved from Scopus and Web of Sciences databases. The findings include a USR field divided between models´ approach and experience such as service-learning. Furthermore, sustainability and the environment take a special role within USR in the context of SAK that must be analyzed by itself as there is a wide interest in the topic. </p>
Analysis of websites, social media pages and apps for the development of new strategies for increasing participation of women in clinical trials
<p>For T2.5 of the i-CONSENT project, an analysis was undertaken of the strategies used to effectively communicate with women on the topic of women’s health or women’s health research, considering aspects such as tone, format and audience interaction. A total of 42 websites, social media pages and apps were included in the analysis. The attached document presents the findings from the data generation stage of this analysis.</p>
Data from: Ecological and social pressures interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation in the wild
<p>Sleep is fundamental to the health and fitness of all animals. The physiological importance of sleep is underscored by the central role of homeostasis in determining sleep investment – following periods of sleep deprivation, individuals experience longer and more intense sleep bouts. Yet, most sleep research has been conducted in highly controlled settings, removed from evolutionarily-relevant contexts that may hinder the maintenance of sleep homeostasis. Using tri-axial accelerometry and GPS to track the sleep patterns of a group of wild baboons (<i>Papio anubis</i>), we found that ecological and social pressures indeed interfere with homeostatic sleep regulation. Baboons sacrificed time spent sleeping when in less familiar locations and when sleeping in proximity to more group-mates, regardless of how long they had slept the prior night or how much they had physically exerted themselves the preceding day. Further, they did not appear to compensate for lost sleep via more intense sleep bouts. We found that the collective dynamics characteristic of social animal groups persist into the sleep period, as baboons exhibited synchronized patterns of waking throughout the night, particularly with nearby group-mates. Thus, for animals whose fitness depends critically on avoiding predation and developing social relationships, maintaining sleep homeostasis may be only secondary to remaining vigilant when sleeping in risky habitats and interacting with group-mates during the night. Our results highlight the importance of studying sleep in ecologically relevant contexts, where the adaptive function of sleep patterns directly reflects the complex trade-offs that have guided its evolution.</p>
Social vulnerability to flooding in Ecuador : input variables, PCA vs Expert composite indices
<p><strong>Social vulnerability indices are used to better understand and predict the consequences of disasters, and support the development of improved disaster management policies. This research specifically supports the Ecuadorian Red Cross in generating a flood-specific social vulnerability index to inform flash flood early action protocol.</strong></p> <p>The dataset presents the results from the analysis of the social vulnerability to flooding in Ecuador, from individual input variables to the composite indices outputs. The results are available at the Parroquia level in Ecuador (admin level 3), for 1032 Parroquia excluding the Galapagos Islands.</p> <ul> <li>The dataset comprises, for each Parroquia, the estimation of <strong>15 variables characterizing the social vulnerability to flooding specific to Ecuador context</strong>. The variables are selected from literature review and consultation with Ecuadorian Red Cross disaster practitioners : <em>Disability, Poverty incidence, Gini Index, Agricultural labor share, Vectorborne disease incidence, Waterborne disease incidence, Social Security affiliation, Education level, Sanitation, Driking water access, Power access, Road travel time, Wall structure, Mobile access and Internet access.</em> All variables are normalized from 0 to 1, directed toward increasing vulnerability, and renamed accordingly.</li> <li>In addition, the <strong>Administrative level names, PCODE, calculated Area, population density,</strong> as well as related <strong>sub-regions</strong> are also referenced.</li> <li>Individual variables are integrated into <strong>composite vulnerability indices</strong>, using two different approaches: i) the Principal Component Analysis approach, using the first component <strong>PCA(n=1) </strong>and the first 5 components <strong>PCA(n=5)</strong> separately ; ii) the <strong>expert judgement weighting</strong> of the variables. The output composite indices, normalized from 0 to 1 are presented in 3 separated columns.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
A Global Social Network Values Dataset
<p>Online social networks enable individuals to present a version of themselves to their immediate social circle and beyond. Those presentations express cultural factors such as an individual's gender, location, political, philosophical, and religious values. However, obtaining such data is often challenging on the aggregate level as it typically involves negotiations with private entities and ownership restrictions. This study presents a dataset of 244,629,979 user accounts from the platform Vkontakte, an online social network collected in June of 2020. Vkontakte is a social media platform similar to Facebook that allows individuals to connect with other users, communicate with them through public and private messages, and create public personas. This dataset can perform cross-national and cross-cultural analyses of online values from a large portion of the world.</p>
Automatic extraction of opinions of users of social networks on reproductive behavior issues
<p>The database contains an upload of text comments in Russian from the social network Vkontakte in .tsv format (UTF-8 encoding). Comments are collected from communities, which discuss pregnancy, childhood, motherhood, paternity, etc. Comments are collected from communities, which discuss pregnancy, childhood, motherhood, paternity, etc. <br> The database contains train, test and valid sets for machine learning processing. For the analysis of opinions in the field of reproductive behavior, nine groups of the social network Vkontakte were selected, in the names or descriptions of which the words "childfree" and their variations were clearly present, and 341 groups, in the names or descriptions of which the keywords "mother", " mothers "," children ", etc. and the number of subscribers of which was more than 10,000 people. This distribution of groups depended on the different activity of groups - supporters of a childless lifestyle produced significantly more posts and comments on our topics. Using data from different groups of the social network Vkontakte avoids data homogeneity - one of the weak points of sentiment analysis. Thus, the presented database is suitable for the analysis of specific demographic groups, which we conditionally called “anti-natalists” and “pronatalists”. Note that in the group of pronatalists there are largely representatives of a small child model of reproductive behavior. The sample contains data about stance on 6 topics: "maternity capital / benefits", "abortion", "large families", "childlessness", "parental leave", "individualism".The topics are selected by a set of keywords such as abortion, childfree, rest, no child and so on.</p> <p>Sentences from the collected sample were randomly selected for annotator marking. Each sentence was marked with three annotators. Since each sentence could discuss several issues, the annotator marked each sentence on all seven topics. The proposals were marked up mainly by professional demographers and linguists.</p>
DATA FOR STUDY OF PRIVACY ATTITUDE OF USERS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES AND THEIR EXPECTATIONS FROM LAW IN INDIA
<p>In the present study, on Indian population a disproportionate, stratified, purposive, convenience mixed sampling technique has been adopted in order to ensure proper representation of all the stakeholders concerned with regard to the issue of data privacy in India among the population of the study. The stratified sampling technique is popularly used for a large size population and where it is desirable to purposively have an adequate representation of the all the sub-groups. It is estimated that there are about 0.2 million Law Enforcement Officers (Directors General of Police to Assistant Sub- Inspector), 2.2 million Legal Professionals, including 21,586 Judges, 1.5 million Academicians, about 5000 Information Assurance and Privacy Experts, and 450 million Internet Users in India, out of which 196 million use SNSs. It may be clarified here that all these stakeholders are not only the users of social networking sites but also Indian citizens who are stakeholders in enactment and implementation of the privacy law as and when it is enacted.</p> <p>Based on the size of the total population, a statistically adequate sample size of 385, having a 95 per cent Confidence Level, 5 per cent Margin of Error (Confidence Interval), 0.5 Standard Deviation, a 1.96 Z-score was calculated.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Perfis dos Círculos de Interação Social
<p>Dados coletados a partir da geração dos círculos de interação social Chirpty e Orbit, para comparação e análise de similaridade do artigo submetido para a EncontrosBibli</p>
Effect of social context on behaviour in anemonefish hierarchies
<p>Animal social groups can be organized in hierarchies where individual status determines privileges within the group, and stability is maintained through conflict (aggression-submission) and cooperation. Aggression, submission, and cooperation are not homogeneous among group members and are influenced by social context and associated trade-offs. However, studies of rank-specific behaviours are rare which limits our understanding of these patterns. Here, we performed rank ascension experiments using 15 groups of <em>Amphiprion clarkii</em>, a relatively mobile anemonefish, to assess rank-specific behaviour related to social context. We showed that: promoted ranks increased cooperation rates compared to non-promoted ranks to fulfil the tasks associated with their new status within the group; group size had no effect on group cooperation rates and subordinates did not increase cooperation after group size reduction; and frequency of one-on-one agonistic encounters within the group was asymmetric and higher for lower ranks. Thus, subordinates modulate rates of cooperative behaviour according to their status, irrespective of their body size or group size, and experience more conflict than dominants as they attempt to maintain their position in the hierarchy and avoid eviction. We provide evidence that social context in the form of rank has an important effect on individual behaviour and appears to be the key driver of cooperation and within-group conflict.</p>
Fig. 4 in Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World
Fig. 4. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – ventral side of cephalothorax; B – dorsal side of cephalothorax; C – frontal view of cephalotheca; D – lateral view of cephalotheca. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mst – mesosternum, mstp – mesosternal papilla, mtst – metasternum, mtstp – metasternal papilla, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base (at mandible base), mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), pstp – prosternal papilla, sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, sp – spiracle, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area.
Fig. 3 in Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World
Fig. 3. Xenos pallens Benda & Straka sp. nov., host, female, cephalothorax. A – Mischocyttarus costaricensis Richards, 1945, stylopised by X. pallens sp. nov., lateral view; B – the same specimen, dorsal view; C – holotype of X. pallens sp. nov., ventral side of cephalothorax; D – holotype of X. pallens sp. nov., dorsal side of cephalothorax. Abbreviation: cl – clypeus.
Fig. 2 in Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World
Fig. 2. Xenos bicolor Benda & Straka sp. nov., female, detail of cephalothorax, male, cephalotheca. A – detail of ventral side of cephalothorax from Mischocyttarus navajo Bequaert, 1933; B – detail of dorsal side of cephalothorax from M. flavitarsis (Saussure, 1854); C – frontal view of cephalotheca from M. pallidipectus (Smith, 1857); D – lateral view of cephalotheca from M. pallidipectus. Abbreviations: a – vestigial antenna, cl – clypeus, cll – clypeal lobe, coe – compound eye, dlf – dorsal labral field of labral area, fi – frontal impression, fr – frontal region, gn – gena, hyp – hypopharynx, lba – labial area, md – mandible, mx – vestige of maxilla, mxb – maxillary base, mxp – vestige of maxillary palp, ob – occipital bulge, os – mouth opening, pom – postmentum, prm – prementum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbhp – segmental border between head and prothorax, smxg – submaxillary groove, ssf – sensillum of supraantennal sensillary field, vlf – ventral labral field of labral area.
Fig. 1 in Two new species of Xenos (Strepsiptera: Xenidae), parasites of social wasps of the genus Mischocyttarus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) in the New World
Fig. 1. Xenos bicolor Benda & Straka sp. nov., host, female, cephalothorax. A – Mischocyttarus flavitarsis (Saussure, 1854) stylopised by X. bicolor sp. nov., lateral view; B – detail of host abdomen of M. navajo Bequaert, 1933, with two adult females; C–D – holotype of X. bicolor sp. nov. from M. navajo, cephalothorax; C – ventral side; D – dorsal side. Abbreviations: cll – clypeal lobe, lehc – lateral extension of head capsule, mst – mesosternum, mtst – metasternum, pst – prosternum (prosternal extension), sbmm – segmental border between mesothorax and metathorax, sbpm – segmental border between prothorax and mesothorax, sp – spiracle.
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.