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2,052 results for “Species tree”

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zenodo36/100

Data on elements in the litter produced by urban tree species (Jacaranda mimosifolia and Piscidia piscipula)

These data were obtained in the metropolitan region of Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico for a study related to the evaluation of chemical elements of the inflorescence litter produced by two species of trees that are established in urban sites. Specifically, the objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional properties and chemical composition of inflorescence litter for two tree species commonly used in urban landscaping, Jacaranda (Jacaranda mimosifolia) and Jabin (Piscidia piscipula), and mixtures of inflorescence litter material with Andosol type soil in an experiment.

opencc-by-4.0Jul 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Call attenuation data of three frog species in tree plantations and a native forest in southern Brazil

Call transmission is influenced by the acoustics of the propagation environment, including vegetation. Thus, forestry monocultures of non-native trees represent artificial environments that could modify call transmission. These monocultures have substituted large areas of the Atlantic Forest in southern Brazil, representing a conservation challenge. Considering this context, we hypothesized that anurans have calls less attenuated in their native environment than in forest plantations. To test it, we performed sound transmission experiments using calls of three anuran species native to southern Brazil: Boana bischoffi, B. leptolineata, and Hylodes meridionalis. We compared sound attenuation between the native forest and forestry monocultures (Eucalyptus sp. and Pinus sp. forests), and included distance from the sound source, air temperature, humidity, and vegetation density as co-factors in linear mixed models.

opencc-zeroJul 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Demographic rates of 165 tree species in a moist tropical forest

Mortality, recruitment and growth rates of 165 tree species on Barro Colorado Island from 1990 to 2014. The demographic rates are calculated based on the BCI (Barro Colorado Island) plot data. For more information on the BCI plot data, please see https://doi.org/10.15146/5xcp-0d46 (Condit et al., 2019). Reference: Condit, R. et al. (2019). Complete data from the Barro Colorado 50-ha plot: 423617 trees, 35 years, Dryad, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.15146/5xcp-0d46. For more information on the calculation of demographic rates, please see https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2435.14424.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Avian species functional diversity and habitat use the role of forest structural attributes and tree diversity in the Midlands Mistbelt forests of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Forest transformation has major impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. Identifying the influence of forest habitat structure and composition on avian functional communities is important for conserving and managing forest systems. This study investigated the effect of forest structure and composition characteristics on bird species community structure, habitat use, and functional diversity in 14 Mistbelt forest patches of the Midlands of KwaZulu-Natal in South Africa. We surveyed bird communities using point counts. We quantified bird functional diversity for each forest patch using three diversity indices: functional richness, functional evenness, and functional divergence. We further assessed species-specific responses by focusing on three avian forest specialists, orange ground-thrush Geokichla gurneyi, forest canary Crithagra scotops, and Cape parrot Poicephalus robustus. We found that bird community and forest-specialist species responses to forest structure and tree species diversity differed. Also, forest structural complexity, canopy cover, and tree species richness were the main forest characteristics better at explaining microhabitat influence on bird functional diversity. Forest patches with relatively high structural complexity and tree species richness had higher functional richness. Different structural characteristics influenced habitat use by the three forest specialists. Tree species diversity influenced C. scotops and G. gurneyi positively, while P. robustus responded negatively to forest patches with high tree species richness. Our study showed that site-scale forest structure and composition characteristics are important for bird species richness and functional richness. Forest patches with high tree species diversity and structural complexity should be maintained to conserve forest specialists, bird species richness, and functional richness.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Contrasting sap flow characteristics between pioneer and late-successional tree species in secondary tropical montane forests of Eastern Himalaya, India

Abstract The interactive role of life-history traits and environmental forcing on plant-water relations is crucial for understanding species response to climate change but remains poorly understood in secondary tropical montane forests (TMFs). Comparing contrasting life-history traits (pioneer vs late-successional species) in a biodiverse Eastern Himalayan secondary TMF, we investigated sap flow responses in co-occurring pioneer species, Symplocos racemosa (n=5) and Eurya acuminata (n=5), and late-successional species, Castanopsis hystrix (n=3), using modified Granier's Thermal Dissipation probes. The fast-growing pioneers S. racemosa and E. acuminata) had 2.1- and 1.6-times higher sap flux density than the late-successional C. hystrix, respectively, and exhibited characteristics of long-lived pioneer species. Significant radial and azimuthal variability in sap flow (V) between species was observed and attributed to life history traits and the canopy's access to sunlight. Nocturnal V (1800-0500 hr) was 13.8 % of daily V and is attributed to stem recharge for evening V (1800-2300 hr) and to endogenous stomatal controls for pre-dawn V (0000-0500 hr). Both the shallow-rooted pioneer species exhibited midday depression in V attributed to photosensitivity and diel moisture stress response. In contrast, deep-rooted C. hystrix transpired unaffected across the dry season likely accessing groundwater. Thus, the secondary broadleaved TMFs, with the dominance of shallow-rooted pioneers, are more prone to the negative impacts of drier and warmer winters than primary forests, which are dominated by deep-rooted species. The study provides an empirical understanding of life-history traits and microclimate modulating plant-water use in widely distributed secondary TMFs in Eastern Himalaya and highlights their vulnerability against warmer winters and reduced snowfall due to climate change.

opencc-zeroSep 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Tree species richness around urban red maples reduces pest abundance but does not enhance biological control

Urban trees often host greater insect pest abundance than trees in rural forests. This may be due, in part, to differences in tree diversity and canopy cover between these settings. Urban trees are often planted in isolation or monoculture, which favors pest accumulation. The gloomy scale, Melanaspis tenebricosa Comstock, is a pest of urban red maples (Acer rubrum L.) that is abundant where impervious surfaces dominate the local landscape. Increasing tree diversity and canopy cover around urban red maples may reduce gloomy scale abundance by supporting natural enemy communities. We investigated the effect that surrounding tree species richness and tree canopy cover had on gloomy scale abundance, natural enemy abundance, and biological control in red maple trees in Raleigh, NC, USA. We collected scales and natural enemies from red maples that spanned a gradient of tree species richness, canopy cover, and impervious surface values. We also measured gloomy scale parasitism and predation of sentinel prey in red maple canopies. Greater tree species richness and canopy cover were associated with lower gloomy scale density. Red maples in diverse settings also hosted fewer scales per natural enemy. Parasitoids were less common in maples in diverse settings, but generalist predator abundance was unaffected by tree diversity. Finally, tree species richness and canopy cover did not increase biological control of scales or sentinel prey. Our findings suggest that higher tree diversity and greater canopy cover may reduce gloomy scale density, but this is not entirely explained by the effects of natural enemies and biological control.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: Incomplete recovery of tree community composition and rare species after 120 years of tropical forest succession in Panama

Determining how fully tropical forests regenerating on abandoned land recover characteristics of old-growth forests is increasingly important for understanding their role in conserving rare species and maintaining ecosystem services. Despite this, our understanding of forest structure and community composition recovery throughout succession is incomplete, as many tropical chronosequences do not extend beyond the first 50 years of succession. Here, we examined trajectories of forest recovery across eight 1-hectare plots in middle and later stages of forest succession (40 – 120 years) and five 1-hectare old-growth plots, in the Barro Colorado Nature Monument (BCNM), Panama. We first verified that forest age had a greater effect than edaphic or topographic variation on forest structure, diversity and composition and then corroborated results from smaller plots censused 20 years previously. Tree species diversity (but not species richness) and forest structure had fully recovered to old-growth levels by 40 and 90 years, respectively. However, rare species were missing, and old-growth specialists were in low abundance, in the mid- and late secondary forest plots, leading to incomplete recovery of species composition even by 120 years into succession. We also found evidence that dominance early in succession by a long-lived pioneer led to altered forest structure and delayed recovery of species diversity and composition well past a century after land abandonment. Our results illustrate the critical importance of old-growth and old secondary forests for biodiversity conservation, given that recovery of community composition may take several centuries, particularly when a long-lived pioneer dominates in early succession.

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

dryad36/100

Selecting exceptional tropical tree species to increase long-term carbon storage

<ol> <li>With rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, strategies for greater carbon sequestration and long-term storage are urgently needed. Current reforestation schemes typically use fast-growing tree species with low wood density, limiting the amount of carbon stored. In most tropical forests, there are native species with relatively fast growth rates, high wood density, and low mortality rates that also achieve large adult size — 'exceptional species.'</li> <li> We present a simulated assessment of the carbon sequestration potential using these exceptional species selected based on a given set of criteria in assisted secondary succession in the Neotropics. </li> <li> In our example, our selected exceptional species could add up to 16.2 Mg C/ha of sequestered carbon in secondary wet forests at maturity. </li> <li>Synthesis and applications. By increasing the representation of exceptional species in reforestation efforts, we could potentially boost long-term carbon storage in reforestation projects focused on carbon sequestration. However, our approach is not a substitute for protecting existing old primary forests and reforested lands plus reducing deforestation and emissions.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

zenodo36/100

Data from: Leaf trait variation within individuals mediates the relationship between tree species richness and productivity

This dataset contains tree biometry data and leaf trait data of the Kreinitz Tree Diversity Experiment. In winter 2013/14 and winter 2016/17, height and basal area were measured for all 2880 individuals of the Kreinitz experiment. Tree biometry data is available in the file Data_Kreinitz_Tree.xlsx. In summer 2017, leaf traits for 283 selected trees were measured via near-infrared spectroscopy. For each tree, samples were taken from approximately 3 levels in the trees' crown (total 843 levels). At each level, approximately 4 leaves were harvested (total 3656 leaves) and scanned in triplicates (total 10986 scans). Sampled leaves were scanned on the day of harvest. Leaf trait data is available in the file Data_Kreinitz_Leaf.xlsx.

opencc-by-sa-4.0Oct 2023View details →

dryad36/100