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1,501 results for “fatty acid”
Data from: Metabolism and foraging strategies of mid-latitude mesozooplankton during cyanobacterial blooms as revealed by fatty acids, amino acids and their stable carbon isotopes
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Data from: Regulation of fatty acid composition related to ontogenetic changes and niche differentiation of a common aquatic consumer
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Data from: Widespread dysregulation of long non-coding genes associated with fatty acid metabolism, cell division, and immune response gene networks in xenobiotic-exposed rat liver
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Assessment of compound-specific fatty acid d13C and d2H values to track fish residency and mobility in a small subalpine catchment
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Effects of diet fermentability and supplementation of 2-hydroxy-(4-methylthio) butanoic acid and isoacids on milk fat depression: 2. Ruminal fermentation, fatty acid, and bacterial community structure
<p>The experiment was conducted to understand ruminal effects of diet modification during moderate milk fat depression (MFD) and ruminal effects of HMTBa and isoacids on alleviating MFD. Five ruminally cannulated cows were used in a 5 × 5 Latin square design with the following 5 dietary treatments (dry matter basis): HF-C, a high forage and low starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil; LF-C, a low forage and high starch control diet with 1.5% safflower oil; LF-HMTBa, the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa (0.11%; 28 g/d); LF-IA, the LF-C diet supplemented with isoacids (0.24%; 60 g/d; IA); and LF-COMB, the LF-C diet supplemented with HMTBa and IA. The experiment consisted of 5 periods with 21 d per period (14-d diet adaptation and 7-d sampling). Ruminal samples were collected to determine fermentation characteristics (0, 1, 3, and 6 h after feeding), long chain fatty acids (FA) profile (6 h after feeding), and bacterial community structure by analyzing 16S gene amplicon sequences (3 h after feeding). Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS in a Latin square design. Preplanned comparison between HF-C and LF-C were conducted and the main effects of HMTBa and IA and their interaction within the LF diets were examined. The LF-C diet decreased ruminal pH and the ratio of acetate to propionate, with no major changes detected in ruminal FA profile compared with HF-C. The alpha diversity for LF-C was lower compared with HF-C, and beta diversity also differed between LF-C and HF-C. The relative abundance of bacterial phyla and genera associated indirectly with fiber degradation was influenced by LF-C versus HF-C. As the main effect of HMTBa within the LF diets, HMTBa increased the ratio of acetate to propionate and butyrate molar proportion. Ruminal saturated FA were increased and unsaturated FA concentration were decreased by HMTBa, with minimal changes detected in ruminal bacterial diversity and community. As the main effect of IA, IA supplementation increased ruminal concentration of all branched chain volatile FA and valerate and increased the percentage of trans-10 C18 isomers in total FA. In addition, alpha diversity and the number of functional features were increased for IA. Changes in the abundances of bacterial phyla and genera were minimal for IA. Interactions between HMTBa and IA were observed for ruminal variables and some bacterial taxa abundances. In conclusion, increasing trans-10 C18 isomers did not decrease milk fat yield for LF-C versus HF-C when dietary PUFA level was similar. Supplementation of HMTBa increased biohydrogenation capacity, and supplemental IA increased bacterial diversity, possibly alleviating MFD. The combination of HMTBa and IA had no associative effects in the rumen and need further studies to understand the interactive mechanism.</p>
Data from: Highly unsaturated fatty acids in nature: what we know and what we need to learn
The supply and demand of omega-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 HUFA) in natural ecosystems may lead to resource limitation in a diverse array of animal taxa. Here, we review why food quality in terms of ω-3 HUFAs is important, particularly for neural tissue, across a diversity of animal taxa ranging from invertebrate zooplankton to vertebrates (including humans). Our review is focused on ω-3 HUFAs rather than other unsaturated fatty acids because these compounds are especially important biochemically, but scarce in nature. We discuss the dichotomy between ω-3 HUFA availability between aquatic primary producers, which are often rich in these compounds, and terrestrial primary producers, which are contain little to none of them. We describe the use of fatty acids as qualitative and quantitative tracers for reconstructing animal diets in natural ecosystems. Next, we discuss both direct and indirect ecological implications of ω-3 HUFA limitation at the individual, population, food web, and ecosystem scales, which include: changes in behavior, species composition, secondary production rates, trophic transfer efficiency, and cross-ecosystem subsidies. We finish by highlighting future research priorities including a need for more research on ω-3 HUFAs in terrestrial systems, more research their importance for higher order consumers, and more research on the food web and ecosystem-scale effects of ω-3 HUFA limitation.
Data from: Comparisons of reproductive function and fatty acid fillet quality between triploid and diploid farm Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
Triploidy could prevent escaped farm salmon breeding in the wild, while also improving nutrient quality within farmed fillets. Despite these potential advantages, triploid Atlantic salmon have not been widely used in aquaculture, and their reproductive function has yet to be fully evaluated. Here, we compare reproductive function and fillet composition between triploid and diploid farm salmon under standard aquaculture rearing conditions. We show that female triploids are sterile and do not develop gonads. In contrast, males produce large numbers of motile spermatozoa capable of fertilising wild salmon eggs. However, compared with diploids, reproductive development and survival rates of eggs fertilised by triploid males were significantly reduced, with less than 1% of eggs sired by triploid males reaching late eyed stages of development. Analyses of fillets showed that total lipid and fatty acid quantities were significantly lower in triploid compared to diploid Atlantic salmon fillets. However, when fatty acids were normalized to total lipid content, triploid fillets had significantly higher relative levels of important omega-3 Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids. Our results show that: (1) escaped triploid farm salmon are very unlikely to reproduce in the wild; and (2) if able to match diploid fillet lipid content, triploid farm salmon could achieve better fillet quality in terms of essential fatty acids.
Impact of chronic psychological stress on platelet membrane fatty acid composition in type 1 diabetes mellitus
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Fig. 3 in Characterization of the ovary fatty acids composition of Rhamdia quelen (Quoy & Gaimard) (Teleostei: Siluriformes), throughout their reproductive cycle
Fig. 3. Composition of fatty acids 20:4 n-6 (ARA), 20:5 n-3 (EPA) and 22:6 n-3 (DHA) and n-3/n-6, EPA/ARA relations and unsaturated fatty acids (UFA)/ saturated fatty acids (SFA) observed in Rhamdia quelen ovaries captured in different seasons: spring (dark gray), summer (black), winter (light gray) and autumn (white), and grouped according to their gonadal maturation stage (GMS) Immature = I, GMS II and III = GMS in maturation and GMS IV = Mature. 1 Different letter for the same fatty acid or fatty acids relation indicate significant differences at a significance level of 5%.2 In winter females in stages of gonadal maturation I and IV, in spring females in stage of gonadal maturation I and in fall females in stage of gonadal maturation IV were not collected.
Effects of pH/pCO2 fluctuation on photosynthesis and fatty acid composition of two marine diatoms
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Data from: Effects of 4-Hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) on liver transcriptome in rats: implication in the disruption of circadian rhythm and fatty acid metabolism
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their hydroxylated metabolites (OH-PCBs) have been detected in tissues of both wild animals and humans. Several previous studies have suggested adverse effects of OH-PCBs on the endocrine and nervous systems in mammals. However, there have been no studies on transcriptome analysis of the effects of OH-PCBs, and thus, the whole picture and mechanisms underlying the adverse effects induced by OH-PCBs are still poorly understood. We therefore investigated the mRNA expression profile in the liver of adult male Wistar rats treated with 4-hydroxy-2,3,3',4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl (4-OH-CB107) to explore the genes responsive to OH-PCBs and to understand the potential effects of the chemical. Next-generation RNA sequencing analysis revealed changes in the expression of genes involved in the circadian rhythm and fatty acid metabolism, such as nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (Nr1d1), aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator-like protein 1 (Arntl), cryptochrome circadian clock 1 (Cry1), and enoyl-CoA hydratase and 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (Ehhadh), in 4-OH-CB107-treated rats. In addition, biochemical analysis of the plasma revealed a dose-dependent increase in the leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), indicating the onset of liver damage. These results suggest that OH-PCB exposure may induce liver injury as well as disrupt the circadian rhythm and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-related fatty acid metabolism.
Data from: Tumor suppressor RARRES1- a novel regulator of fatty acid metabolism in epithelial cells
Retinoic acid receptor responder 1 (RARRES1) is silenced in many cancers and is differentially expressed in metabolism associated diseases, such as hepatic steatosis, hyperinsulinemia and obesity. Here we report a novel function of RARRES1 in metabolic reprogramming of epithelial cells. Using non-targeted LC-MS, we discovered that RARRES1 depletion in epithelial cells caused a global increase in lipid synthesis. RARRES1-depleted cells rewire glucose metabolism by switching from aerobic glycolysis to glucose-dependent de novo lipogenesis (DNL). Treatment with fatty acid synthase (FASN) inhibitor, C75, reversed the effects of RARRES1 depletion. The increased DNL in RARRES1-depleted normal breast and prostate epithelial cells proved advantageous to the cells during starvation, as the increase in fatty acid availability lead to more oxidized fatty acids (FAO), which were used for mitochondrial respiration. Expression of RARRES1 in several common solid tumors is also contextually correlated with expression of fatty acid metabolism genes and fatty acid-regulated transcription factors. Pathway enrichment analysis led us to determine that RARRES1 is regulated by peroxisome proliferating activated receptor (PPAR) signaling. These findings open up a new avenue for metabolic reprogramming and identify RARRES1 as a potential target for cancers and other diseases with impaired fatty acid metabolism.
Supplementary material 1 from: Abu-Samak MS, Hasoun LZ, Barham A, Mohammad BA, Mosleh I, Aljaberi A, Awwad SH (2021) The supplementary effects of omega-3 fatty acid alone and in a combination with vitamin D3 on serum leptin levels: A randomized clinical trial on men and women with vitamin D deficiency. Pharmacia 68(3): 517-525. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e64422
Supplemental tables
Figure 1 from: Abu-Samak MS, Hasoun LZ, Barham A, Mohammad BA, Mosleh I, Aljaberi A, Awwad SH (2021) The supplementary effects of omega-3 fatty acid alone and in a combination with vitamin D3 on serum leptin levels: A randomized clinical trial on men and women with vitamin D deficiency. Pharmacia 68(3): 517-525. https://doi.org/10.3897/pharmacia.68.e64422
Figure 1 CONSORT flow diagram for the study, indicating the number of subjects screened, recruited, and randomly assigned to the different intervention groups.
Migrant blackbirds, Turdus merula, have higher plasma levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to residents, but not enhanced fatty acid unsaturation index
Birds have been observed to have dietary preferences for unsaturated fatty acids during migration. Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may increase the exercise performance of migrant birds; however, PUFAs are also peroxidation prone and might therefore incur increased costs in terms of enhanced oxidative damage in migratory individuals. To shed light on this potential constraint, we analysed plasma fatty acid (FA) composition and estimated the unsaturation index as a proxy for susceptibility to lipid peroxidation of migrants and residents of the partially migratory common blackbird (Turdus merula) at a stop-over site during autumn migration. As predicted, migrant birds had higher relative and absolute levels of PUFAs compared to resident birds. This included the strictly dietary ω-3 PUFA α-linolenic acid, suggesting a dietary and/or storage preference for these FAs in migrants. Interestingly, the FA unsaturation index did not differ between migrants and residents. These findings suggest a mechanism where birds alter their levels of metabolic substrate without simultaneously increasing the susceptibility of the substrate to lipid peroxidation. In summary, our results are in line with the hypothesis that increased exercise performance during migration might be constrained by oxidative stress, which is manifested in changes in the composition of key FAs to retain the unsaturation index constant despite the increased levels of peroxidizable PUFAs.
Dietary availability determines metabolic conversion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in spiders: a dual compound-specific stable isotope approach
<p>The following dataset contains fatty acid contents (in mg.g<sup>-1</sup> and in %), stable isotopes (‰), and compound specific isotopic analyses of carbon and hydrogen (‰) data for insects (terrestrial and semi-aquatic) and spiders collected around Lake Lunz (47°85'N, 15°05'E), Austria from June to September 2020. Measurements were done after storage at -80°C for 2 hours, and freeze drying (24h), followed by taxonomic identification. Analytical details can be found in "Dietary availability determines metabolic conversion of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in spiders: a dual compound-specific stable isotope approach" by Mathieu-Resuge, Margaux; Pilecky, Matthias; Twining, Cornelia; Martin-Creuzburg, Dominik; Parmar, Tarn-Preet; Vitecek, Simon; Kainz, Martin. Oikos (2021), DOI: 10.1111/oik.08513</p>
Hydrogen isotopes (d2H) of polyunsaturated fatty acids track bioconversion by zooplankton
<p>Organisms at the base of aquatic food webs synthesize essential nutrients, such as omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), which are transferred to consumers at higher trophic levels. Many consumers, requiring n-3 long-chain (LC) PUFA, such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), have limited ability to bioconvert them from the essential dietary precursor α-linolenic acid (ALA) and thus rely on dietary provision of LC-PUFA. We investigated LC-PUFA metabolism in freshwater zooplankton using stable hydrogen isotopes (<i>d</i><sup>2</sup>H) of fatty acids as tracers. We conducted feeding experiments with the freshwater keystone grazer <i>Daphnia</i> to quantify changes in the <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>H value of body FA in response to the FA composition of their food and the <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>H value of the ambient water. The isotopic composition of LC-PUFA changed in <i>Daphnia</i>, depending on the integration of <sup>2</sup>H from ambient water during <i>de novo </i>synthesis or bioconversion from dietary precursors, allowing us to distinguish dietary from bioconverted EPA in body tissue. We tested the applicability of these laboratory findings in a field setting by analyzing <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>H values of PUFA in primary producers and consumers in eutrophic ponds to track EPA sources of zooplankton. Multilinear regression models that included conversion of ALA to EPA correlated better with zooplankton <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>H<sub>EPA</sub> than seston <i>d</i><sup>2</sup>H<sub>EPA</sub> at low dietary EPA supply. This study provides evidence that zooplankton can compensate for low dietary EPA supply by activating LC-PUFA biosynthesis and shows that herbivorous zooplankton play a crucial role in upgrading FA for higher trophic levels during low dietary EPA supply.</p>
Fatty acid composition data for producers and consumers
<p>The nutritional diversity of resources can affect the adaptive evolution of consumer metabolism and consumer diversification. The omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) have a high potential to affect consumer fitness, through their widespread effects on reproduction, growth, and survival. However, few studies consider the evolution of fatty acid metabolism within an ecological context. In the paper associated with this dataset, we document the extensive diversity in both primary producer and consumer fatty acid distributions among major ecosystems, between habitats, and among species within habitats. This dataset on fatty acid composition on primary producers and consumers from marine, freshwater, and terrestrial ecosystems is used to create Figure 2 in the paper. The data consists of alpha linolenic acid (ALA; 18:3n-3), EPA, and DHA as percent of total fatty acids.</p>
Lipid polyunsaturated fatty acid chains in mouse kidneys were increased within 5 minutes after a single high dose whole body irradiation
<p>figure and table</p>
Fig. 1. Structures for compounds 1–6 in Long-chain fatty acid acylated derivatives of isoflavone glycosides from the rhizomes of Iris domestica
Fig. 1. Structures for compounds 1–6.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
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