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2,182 results for “gall”
Figures 10–11 in Review of the genus Latuspina (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae), with descriptions of two new species and their host galls
Figures 10–11. Latuspina acutissima Wang, Pujade-Villar & Guo, sp. nov., galls.
Figure 17 in Comparative morphology, biology and phylogeny of terminal-instar larvae of the European species of Toryminae (Hym., Chalcidoidea, Torymidae) parasitoids of gall wasps (Hym. Cynipidae)
Figure 17. Tree from heuristic search of phylogenetic analyses of larval data.
Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host‐associated genetic differentiation across shared host‐plant species in leaf‐ and bud‐galling sawflies
<p>Resource specialization and host-associated genetic differentiation (HAD) are frequently invoked as an explanation for the high diversity of plant-feeding insects and other organisms with a parasitic lifestyle. While genetic studies have demonstrated numerous examples of HAD in insect herbivores, the general rarity of comparative studies means that we still lack an understanding of how deterministic HAD is, and whether patterns of host shifts can be predicted over evolutionary time scales. We applied genome-wide SNP data obtained through low-coverage genome resequencing to define species limits and to compare host-plant use in population samples of leaf- and bud-galling sawflies collected from seven shared willow (<em>Salix</em>) host species. To infer the repeatability of long-term cophylogenetic patterns, we also contrasted the phylogenies of the two galler groups with each other as well as with the phylogeny of their <em>Salix</em> hosts estimated based on RADseq data. We found clear evidence for host specialization and HAD in both of the focal galler groups, but also that leaf gallers are more specialized to single host species than are most bud gallers. In contrast to bud gallers, leaf gallers also exhibit statistically significant cophylogenetic signal with their <em>Salix</em> hosts. The observed discordant patterns of resource specialization and long-term host use in two related galler groups that have radiated in parallel across a shared resource base indicate a general lack of evolutionary repeatability and suggest that short- and long-term host use and ecological diversification in plant-feeding insects are dominated by stochasticity and/or lineage-specific effects.</p>
Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)
<p><em><span>Petrarca</span></em><span> is an ascothoracidan endoparasite in scleratinian dendrophyllid corals</span><span>. <em>Petrarca</em> can stimulate coral growth, forming a gall chamber to house itself inside the coral skeleton. The diversity, molecular phylogeny and feeding ecology of <em>Petrarca</em> are understudied. This is the first study of Petrarca to be based on light and scanning electron microscopy to document the fine-scale external and functional morphology of its trophi and other structures. A combined molecular and morphological approach revealed at least four closely related species of <em>Petrarca</em>, <em>P. goanna</em>, <em>P. morula</em>, <em>Petrarca nozawai </em>sp. nov. and <em>Petrarca rubus</em> sp. nov in <em>Turbinaria</em> and <em>Astreopora</em> corals in Asia. Carapace shape and fine morphology, ultrastructure of the antennular aesthetasc, morphological characteristics of the trophi and the shape and size of the penis rami are diagnostic characters. Several morphological characters, </span><span>which are all probably synapomorphies, have been proposed to distinguish the genus <em>Petrarca</em> from other Ascothoracida. M</span><span>outhparts morphology of </span><span><em>Petrarca</em> </span><span>are developed for cutting and chewing, rather than for piercing and sucking as in many other Ascothoracida. </span><span>The external surface of the carapace of<em> Petrarca</em> is ornamented with densely packed secretory papillae used putatively for the chemical dissolution of the substrate necessary for the formation of the gall chamber.</span></p>
Delimiting the cryptic diversity and host preferences of Sycophila parasitoid wasps associated with oak galls using phylogenomic data
<p>Cryptic species diversity is a major challenge for the species-rich community of parasitoids attacking oak gall wasps due to a high degree of sexual dimorphism, morphological plasticity, small size, and poorly known biology. As such, we know very little about the number of species present, nor the evolutionary forces responsible for generating this diversity. One hypothesis is that trait diversity in the gall wasps, including the morphology of the galls they induce, has evolved in response to selection imposed by the parasitoid community, with reciprocal selection driving diversification of the parasitoids. Using a rare, continental-scale data set of <em>Sycophila</em> parasitoid wasps reared from 44 species of cynipid galls from 18 species of oak across the US, we combined mitochondrial DNA barcodes, Ultraconserved Elements (UCEs), morphological, and natural history data to delimit putative species. Using these results, we generate the first large-scale assessment of ecological specialization and host association in this species-rich group, with implications for evolutionary ecology and biocontrol. We find most <em>Sycophila</em> target specific subsets of available cynipid host galls with similar morphologies, and generally attack larger galls. Our results suggest that parasitoid wasps such as <em>Sycophila</em> have adaptations allowing them to exploit particular host trait combinations, while hosts with contrasting traits are resistant to attack. These findings support the tritrophic niche concept for the structuring of plant-herbivore-parasitoid communities.</p>
Plant species richness, not hygrothermal stress, is the main predictor of gall-inducing insect richness in Peruvian Amazon forests
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Integrative taxonomy, larval biology and functional morphology of the little known gall-forming coral endoparasite Petrarca (Thecostraca: Ascothoracida)
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Genomic evidence for contrasting patterns of host‐associated genetic differentiation across shared host‐plant species in leaf‐ and bud‐galling sawflies
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Concentrations of total phenolics and condensed tannins and the number of galls combined in each sample
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Phylogeny of Rhus gall aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) reveals an earlier origin than their primary host plant
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Delimiting the cryptic diversity and host preferences of Sycophila parasitoid wasps associated with oak galls using phylogenomic data
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Figure 1 in A new species of Allorhogas (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Doryctinae) inducing ovule galls on Miconia chamissois Naudinı a potentially invasive shrub in the Brazilian cerrado
Figure 1. Allorhogas uberlandiensis sp. nov. (female, holotype): (a) habitus, lateral view; (b) head, frontal view; (c) head and mesosoma, lateral view; (d) mesosoma, dorsal view; (e) metasoma, dorsal view; (f) forewing; (g) hindwing.
Figure 9 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 9. Histochemical positive results in C. pouteriae gall. (a) starch in abaxial cortex and near to vascular bundles; (b) reducing sugars detected mainly in the adaxial cortex; (c) proteins in adaxial and abaxial cortex cells; (d) lipids in the cortex; (e) proanthocyanidins detected in cells adjacent to pit and in the adaxial cortex; (f) auxins in the adaxial cortex and in the cells around the pit. Pi = pit.
Figure 4 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 4. Ceropsylla spp., male terminalia. (a, b) male proctiger, in profile; (c, d) inner face of paramere, in profile; (e) paramere, rear view; (f, g) distal portion of aedeagus. ‒ (a, c, f) C. pouteriae Burckhardt, sp. nov.; (b, d, e, g) C. sideroxyli Riley.
Figure 6 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 6. Ceropsylla sideroxyli Riley, immature. (a) habitus, left side, dorsal view; (b) habitus, right side, ventral view; (c) marginal sectasetae; (d) antenna; (e) dorsal sectasetae; (f) circumanal ring; (g) tip of tarsus with tarsal arolium.
Figure 7 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 7. Anatomical structure of Ceropsylla pouteriae gall and Pouteria ramiflora leaf. (a, b) leaf; (c, d) gall; (a) midrib with bicollateral vascular bundle surrounded by fibres and laticifers; (b) intercostal region with dorsiventral mesophyll; (c) cortex with three zonation: adaxial cortex, median cortex and abaxial cortex; (d) vascular bundles in median cortex. Xy = xylem; Ph = phloem; Col = collenchyma; Lac = laticifer; AdE = adaxial surface of epidermis; PP = palisade parenchyma; SP = spongy parenchyma; VB = vascular bundles; AbE = adaxial surface of epidermis; Co = cortex; AdC = adaxial cortex; MD = medium cortex; AbC = abaxial cortex; Pi = pit.
Figure 5 in Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt sp. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea: Triozidae)ı a new species of jumping plant-louse inducing galls on the leaves of Pouteria ramiflora (Mart.) Radlk. (Sapotaceae): taxonomyı gall structure and histochemistry
Figure 5. Ceropsylla pouteriae Burckhardt, sp. nov., immature. (a) habitus, left side, dorsal view; (b) habitus, right side, ventral view (vp = ventral process); (c) marginal sectasetae; (d) antenna; (e) dorsal sectasetae; (f) circumanal ring; (g) tip of tarsus with tarsal arolium.
FIGURES 16–19 in A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing leaf galls on Peking lilac, Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis (Oleaceae), in China
FIGURES 16–19. Infestation of Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis by Pekinomyia syringae. (16) females laying eggs on young leaves, note large number of orange eggs, (17) male resting on leaf, (18) leaf galls, (19) infested leaves, note large number of leaves fallen off to the ground prematurely.
FIGURES 1–7 in A new genus and species of gall midge (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) inducing leaf galls on Peking lilac, Syringa reticulata subsp. pekinensis (Oleaceae), in China
FIGURES 1–7. Pekinomyia syringae. Male. (1) 3rd flagellomere, (2) fore tarsal claw with empodium, (3) palpus, (4) wing, (5) gonostylus, ventral, (6) terminalia, dorsal, (7) terminalia, ventral. Scale bars 0.1 mm in 1, 3, 5, 6; 0.05 mm in 2; 0.5 mm in 4.
Figs. 7–8. M in Myrciamyia pterandrae (Diptera, Cecidomyiidae, Lopesiini), a new species of gall midge associated with Pterandra pyroidea A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae), an endemic plant in Brazilian Cerrado
Figs. 7–8. M. pterandrae Maia & Flor, sp. nov., pupa. 7. Apical setae (dorsal view). 8. Eighth abdominal segment (dorsal view). Scale bars in mm.
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