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Figure 8 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 8. Outlines of the neurocrania of Recent latids, in left lateral view: A, Lates niloticus; B, L. calcarifer; C, L. longispinis; D, L. macrophthalmus; E, L. angustifrons; F, L. microlepis; G, L. mariae; H, L. stappersi; I, Psammoperca waigiensis; modified from Greenwood (1976). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 11 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 11. Variations in the cephalic lateral line openings in the pterotic region in some Recent latids, in left lateral view: A, Lates angustifrons (NHM 28.228 [1955-12-20: 1722]); B, L. niloticus (NHM 28.228 [4]); C, L. longispinis (NHM 28.228); D, Psammoperca waigiensis (NHM 31.160 [1888-11-6: 6]). Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 1 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 1. Phylogenetic relationships of the fish family Latidae: A, according to Greenwood (1976); B, new proposal.

Figure 4 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 4. Variations in the outline of the mesethmoid projections in Recent latids, in dorsal view: A, Lates niloticus (NHM 28.228 [4]); B, L. longispinis (NHM 28.228); C, L. mariae (NHM [1936-6-15: 1672-86]); D, L. stappersi (NHM 28.228 [1936- 6-15: 1705-6]); E, L. angustifrons (NHM 28.228 [1955-12-20: 1722]); F, L. macrophthalmus (NHM unnumbered); G, Psammoperca waigiensis (NHM 31.160 [1888-11-6-6]). Scale bars = 3 mm.

Figure 3 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 3. The different types of the vomerine tooth patch according to Van Neer (1987): A, type 1; B, type 2; C, type 3; D, type 4.

Figure 7 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 7. Pleurosphenoid region of Lates niloticus (MG 205), in left lateral view. Scale bar = 10 mm.

Figure 6 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 6. Schematic drawings of the pleurosphenoid pedicle development in Recent latids, after Greenwood's (1976) figures and remarks, and personal observations (see Fig. 5 for the definition of states A, B, C and D).

Figure 10 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 10. Dorsicranium of Recent latids, in dorsal view: A, Lates niloticus (NHM 28.228 [4]); B, L. calcarifer (MG 26); C, L. longispinis (NHM 28.228); D, L. macrophthalmus (NHM unnumbered); E, L. angustifrons (NHM 28.228 [1955-12-20: 1722]); F, L. microlepis (NHM 28.228 [1900-12-1]); G, L. mariae (NHM [1936-6-15: 1672–86]); H, L. stappersi (NHM 28.228 [1936-6-15: 1705–6]). Scale bars = 5 mm.

Figure 2 in Anatomy, systematics and phylogeny of both Recent and fossil latid fishes (Teleostei, Perciformes, Latidae)

Figure 2. Ethmovomerine region in some Recent Lates species: A, B, L. calcarifer; C, D, L. angustifrons; E, F, L. stappersi; in, A, C, E, ventral, and, B, D, F, left lateral views. Scale bars = 10 mm.

Figure 19 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 19. Abdominal sense organ in the Pterioidea. A, histological cross-section of the abdominal sense organ in the sagittal plane (7 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff's trichrome stain), Pinctada longisquamosa (AMNH 298904, 18.1 mm); diagrammatic posterior view of the adductor muscle showing the arrangement of the abdominal sense organs in the Pterioidea: B, Crenatula, Electroma, Pinctada, Vulsella; C, most Pteria; D, Malleus; E, most Isognomon. Abbreviations: am (posterior) adductor muscle; an, anus; aso, abdominal sense organ; in, intestine; n, nerve; se, sensory epithelium; vg, visceral ganglia. Scale bar = 0.05 mm.

Figure 18 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 18. Pedo-byssal musculature in the Pterioidea. Diagrammatic lateral view. A, Malleus, some Pteria; B, Isognomon; C, most Pterioidea. Abbreviations: am, accessory pedo-byssal muscle; arm-1, anterior pair of anterior pedo-byssal retractor muscles; arm-2, posterior pair of anterior pedo-byssal retractor muscles; by, byssus; f, foot; farm, fused anterior pedo-byssal retractor muscles (arm-1/arm-2); pam, posterior adductor muscle; prm, posterior pedo-byssal retractor muscle.

Figure 8. Tentacle morphology. A in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 8. Tentacle morphology. A, simple tentacles on IF-2 at posteroventral part of left mantle lobe, Isognomon alatus (AMNH 298023, 43.41 mm); B, branched tentacles on IF-2 along ventral shell margin, Pinctada imbricata (FK-689 AMNH). Abbreviations: ct, ctenidium, t, tentacles. (Photograph by R. Bieler.)

Figure 16 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 16. Anatomy of pterioidean stomach. A diagrammatic lateral view through the right stomach wall showing differences in the morphology of the fleshy fold, the course of the tongue of the major typhlosole, and its association with the ducts of digestive diverticula. A, most Pterioidea; B, Isognomon, Pulvinites, some Malleus spp. Abbreviations: cs, crystalline style; ddd, ducts of digestive diverticula; ff, fleshy fold; fff, finger-like processes of fleshy fold; gs, gastric shield; in, intestine (co-joined with style sac); oe, oesophagus; pw, partition wall; td, tongue of major typhlosole diving into digestive diverticula; ty, major typhlosole; tty, tongue of major typhlosole.

Figure 17 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 17. Anal funnel. Ventral view showing different shapes: A, rounded (posterior view of adductor muscle), Electroma alacorvi (ANSP 289178, 58.5 mm); B, lanceolate, Pinctada imbricata (AMNH 308115, 45.7 mm); C, triangular, Isognomon alatus (AMNH 298023, 43.41 mm). Abbreviations: af, anal funnel; an, anus; am, posterior adductor muscle; in, intestine. Scale bar = 1 mm.

Figure 12 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 12. Morphology of interlamellar junctions. Diagrammatic frontal section through demibranch. A, most Pterioidea; B, Isognomon; C, Pinnidae and Mytilidae. Abbreviations: cb, cross-bars; s, complete septa; ds, dorsal septa; l, gill lamellae.

Figure 7 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 7. Mantle edge morphology in the Pterioidea. Histological cross-section (5 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff's trichrome stain). A, three-fold condition: Pinctada mazatlanica (AMNH 311790, 107.6 mm; scale bar = 1 mm); B, four-fold condition: Isognomon radiatus (AMNH 298944, 29.3 mm height; scale bar = 0.1 mm); C, Pteria colymbus (AMNH 298920, 63.6 mm; scale bar = 0.1 mm). Inset (B), close up of the distal extremity of the OF-1 fold (boxed) showing the ocellus (scale bar = 0.02 mm). The right panel of (C) shows two close ups of the distal extremity of the OF-1 fold (boxed) at different focal planes (scale bar = 0.03 mm). Abbreviations: c, circumpallial artery; ec, eosinophilic cells [putative photoreceptors sensu Morton (2001)]; if, inner mantle fold; n, circumpallial pallial nerve; o, ocellus; of, outer fold; p, periostracum; pm, pallial muscle; t, tentacle.

Figure 15 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 15. Ordinary filament anatomy. Transverse histological section (7 µm, Alcian Blue/Periodic Acid/Schiff's trichrome stain). Filament without (A) and with (B) intrafilamentar septum, Pteria colymbus (AMNH 298920, 63.6 mm). Abbreviations: ac, apical cilia; ch, chitinous skeleton; ifs, intrafilamentar septum; lc, lateral cilia; lfc, laterofrontal cirri; mc, mucocyte. Scale bar = 0.01 mm.

Figure 4 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 4. Single most-parsimonious cladogram (length = 317; consistency index = 0.54; retention index = 0.56). Branches are depicted proportional to the branch length. Mapped apomorphies are unambiguously optimized nonhomoplastic (black squares) and homoplastic (white squares) character states. The numbers above and below the squares denote characters and corresponding character states, respectively (as numbered and described in Appendix 1). Jackknife values are shown by numbers in rectangles at corresponding nodes. Numbers in circles enumerate nodes discussed in the Results.

Figure 6 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 6. The supramyal septum. Diagrammatic anatomy in posterolateral view. Abbreviations: au, auricles; am, adductor muscle; in, intestine; mi, mantle isthmus; ml, mantle lobes; ss, supramyal septum; v, ventricle; vm, visceral mass.

Figure 5 in Morphological perspective on the classification and evolution of Recent Pterioidea (Mollusca: Bivalvia)

Figure 5. The phylogeny of the Pterioidea. Stratigraphic ranges are represented by solid vertical lines and relationships indicated by horizontal dotted lines. The inset shows an alternative phylogeny for the Bakevelliidae, Pteria, and Isognomon lineages. See text for details and Table 1 for sources of stratigraphic ranges.