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4,489 results for “transitivity”
Physiological maturity at a critical life‐history transition and flight ability at fledging
Developmental maturity (e.g. body condition, body mass) at major life-history transitions is known to affect fitness across a wide range of taxa. Fledging (leaving the nest), a major life-history transition in birds, is associated with high post-fledging mortality and is widely assumed to be related to poor initial flight ability of fledglings, which, in turn, might be related to developmental maturity at fledging. We investigated individual variation in developmental maturity of both somatic and physiological traits at this critical life-history transition in different ecological contexts (year, first or second broods) to determine the importance of physiological traits related to oxygen-carrying capacity (haematocrit, haemoglobin) for individual variation in initial flight ability at fledging. Haemoglobin concentration and haematocrit at fledging had much higher variance than somatic traits and were more variable across ecological contexts. Furthermore, fledgling haemoglobin concentration was the least developmentally mature of all traits (on average, only 78% of adult concentration). Fledglings from second broods, which are known to have lower post-fledging survival, were less developmentally mature than fledglings from first broods for all traits (except tarsus), with haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration being the most developmentally immature traits (in first vs. second broods, haematocrit: 47·1% vs. 40·9%; haemoglobin: 13·3 vs. 11·6 g dL−1). Models predicting individual variation in two aspects of initial flight ability (total energy gain, take-off angle) were significantly improved when physiological traits (in particular haemoglobin) were incorporated into models based on somatic traits.
Data and code for "A Library of Late Transition Metal Alloy Dielectric Functions for Nanophotonic Applications"
<p>This data set contains dielectric functions for the ten binary alloys comprised of the late transition metals most commonly employed in plasmonics (Ag, Au, Cu, Pd, Pt).</p>
Dataset for "Spin transitions and compressibility of ε-Fe7N3 and γ'-Fe4N"
<p>X-ray diffraction data supporting the results of the manuscript.</p> <p>X-ray emission data supporting the results of the manuscript.</p> <p>g_G plot data for ε-Fe7N3, γ’-Fe4N, Fe, Fe3S, Fe3P, Fe7C3, and Fe3C.</p> <p>Submitted to Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth.</p>
Data from: Adaptive reshaping of the hormonal phenotype after social niche transition in adulthood
<p>Phenotypic plasticity allows individuals to adjust traits to the environment. Whether long-term adjustments of the phenotype occur during later life stages is largely unknown. To address this question, we examined whether hormonal phenotypes that are shaped by the environment during adolescence can still be reshaped in full adulthood. For this, guinea pig males were either housed in mixed-sex colonies or in heterosexual pairs. In adulthood, males were individually transferred to pair housing with a female. This way, a social niche transition was induced in colony-housed males, but not in pair-housed males. Before transfer, corresponding to findings in adolescence, adult colony-housed males showed significantly higher baseline testosterone levels and lower cortisol responsiveness than pair-housed males. One month after transfer, the hormonal phenotype of colony-housed males was changed towards that of pair-housed males: animals showed comparable baseline testosterone levels and cortisol responsiveness was significantly increased in colony-housed males. This endocrine readjustment builds the basis for an adaptive behavioural tactic in the new social situation. Thus, an adaptive change of the behavioural phenotype may still occur in adulthood via modification of underlying mechanisms. This suggests a greater role for developmental plasticity in later life stages than commonly is presumed.</p>
Data from: A rapidly evolved shift in life history timing during ecological speciation is driven by the transition between developmental phases
<p>For insect species in temperate environments, seasonal timing is often governed by the regulation of diapause, a complex developmental program that allows insects to weather unfavorable conditions and synchronize their lifecycles with available resources. Diapause development consists of a series of distinct phases including initiation, maintenance, termination, and post-diapause development. The evolution of insect seasonal timing depends in part on how these phases of diapause development and post-diapause development interact to affect variation in phenology. Here, we dissect the physiological basis of a recently evolved phenological shift in Rhagoletis pomonella (Diptera: Tephritidae), a model system for ecological divergence. A recently derived population of R. pomonella shifted from specializing on native hawthorn fruit to earlier fruiting introduced apples, resulting in a 3-4 week shift in adult emergence timing. We tracked metabolic rates of individual flies across post-winter development to test which phases of development may act either independently or in combination to contribute to this recently evolved divergence in timing. Apple and hawthorn flies differed in a number of facets of their post-winter developmental trajectories. However, divergent adaptation in adult emergence phenology in these flies was due almost entirely to the end of the pupal diapause maintenance phase, with post-diapause development having a very small effect. The relatively simple underpinnings of variation in adult emergence phenology suggest that further adaptation to seasonal change in these flies for this trait might be largely due to the timing of diapause termination unhindered by strong covariance among different components of post-diapause development.</p>
WASP-74b transit 2020-07-28
<p>CMOS photometry fits frames for exoplanet WASP-74b transit.</p> <p>Location: Archodiko Avias</p> <p>Telescope Celestron EdgeHD 9.25</p> <p>CMOS Camera: ASI183MM-Pro</p> <p>Filter: R</p> <p>Exposure: 30.0</p> <p>Dark and Bias frames included.</p>
Breaking ecological barriers: anthropogenic disturbance leads to habitat transitions, hybridization, and high genetic diversity
<p>Genetic diversity is expected to erode in disturbed habitats through strong selection, local extinctions, and recolonization associated with genetic bottlenecks and restricted gene flow. Despite this general prediction and over three decades of population genetics studies, our understanding of the long-term effect of environmental disturbance on local and regional genetic diversity remains limited. We conducted a population genetic survey of the microcrustacean <i>Daphnia</i> across a landscape subject to anthropogenic stressors from a century of industrial mining. At the local scale we found moderate genetic diversity (i.e., low clonal diversity), characteristic of habitat-specific selective sweeps and local extinctions, but high diversity and strong genetic structure at the regional scale despite the shared watershed of many lakes and exceptional dispersal ability of daphniids. Many habitats experienced changes in species assemblages, with the obligate asexual <i>Daphnia pulex</i> lineages—known only to inhabit ponds—dominating disrupted urban lakes. This habitat transition (pond to lake) was likely facilitated by the disruption of ecological barriers maintaining the genomic separation of these young species. Thus, disrupted habitats can exhibit complex and unexpected genetic patterns of local extinctions and recolonizations, followed by habitat transitions, hybridization and potential speciation events that are difficult to predict and should not be underestimated.</p>
Data from: Strong effects of lab-to-field environmental transitions on the bacterial intestinal microbiota of Mus musculus are modulated by Trichuris muris infection
<p>Studies of controlled lab animals and natural populations represent two insightful extremes of microbiota research. We bridged these two approaches by transferring lab-bred female C57BL/6 mice from a conventional mouse facility to an acclimation room and then to an outdoor enclosure, to investigate how the gut microbiota changes with environment. Mice residing under constant conditions served as controls. Using 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples, we found that the shift in temperature and humidity, as well as exposure to a natural environment, increased microbiota diversity and altered community composition. Community composition in mice exposed to high temperatures and humidity diverged as much from the microbiota of mice housed outdoors as from the microbiota of control mice. Additionally, infection with the nematode <i>Trichuris muris</i> modulated how the microbiota responded to environmental transitions: The dynamics of several families were buffered by the nematodes, while invasion rates of two taxa acquired outdoors were magnified. These findings suggest that gut bacterial communities respond dynamically and simultaneously to changes within the host's body (e.g., the presence of nematodes) and to changes in the wider environment of the host.</p>
Transition from Light Diffusion to Localization in Three-Dimensional Amorphous Dielectric Networks near the Band Edge
<p>Data files and codes to generate all data considered in "Transition from Light Diffusion to Localization in Three-Dimensional Amorphous Dielectric Networks near the Band Edge", J. Haberko, L.S. Froufe-Perez, and F. Scheffold, Nature Communications 2020. DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18571-w</p>
Spin pumping during the antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition of iron–rhodium
<p>This data set contains the data for the figures of the published data as well as the published figures.</p>
Non-State Actors and Energy Transition. Prospects on the Role of Private Sector in the UN Agenda 2030.
<p>Conference on January 27th, 2020.</p> <p>International Environmental Law and Climate Change Lecture.</p> <p>Room BLB 1_University of Houston Law Center.</p> <p>Houston, Texas.</p>
Data from: A new Devonian euthycarcinoid evidences the use of different respiratory strategies during the marine-to-terrestrial transition in the myriapod lineage
<p><span>Myriapods were, together with arachnids, the earliest animals to occupy terrestrial ecosystems, by at least the Silurian. The origin of myriapods and their land colonization have long remained puzzling until euthycarcinoids, an extinct group of aquatic arthropods considered amphibious, were shown to be stem group myriapods, extending the lineage to the Cambrian and evidencing a marine-to-terrestrial transition. Although possible respiratory structures comparable to the air-breathing tracheal system of myriapods are visible in several euthycarcinoids, little is known about the mechanism by which they respired. Here we describe a new euthycarcinoid from Upper Devonian alluvio-lagoonal deposits of Belgium. Synchrotron-based elemental x-ray analyses were used to extract all available information from the only known specimen. Sulfur x-ray fluorescence (XRF) mapping and spectroscopy unveil sulphate evaporation stains, spread over the entire slab, suggestive of a very shallow-water to terrestrial environment prior to burial consistent with an amphibious lifestyle. Trace metal XRF mapping reveals a pair of ventral spherical cavities or chambers on the second post-abdominal segment that do not compare to any known feature in aquatic arthropods, but might well play a part in air-breathing. Our data provide additional support for amphibious lifestyle in euthycarcinoids and show that different respiratory strategies were used during the marine-to-terrestrial transition in the myriapod lineage.</span></p>
VIBeS Case Studies: Featured Transition Systems and Feature Models
<p>Featured Transition Systems and Feature Models used in the different evaluations presented in: <a href="https://researchportal.unamur.be/en/studentTheses/behavioural-model-based-testing-of-software-product-lines">Behavioural model-based testing of software product lines Devroey, X. (Author). 30 Aug 2017</a></p>
the state vectors and transition matrixes of the LULC classification in Nanjing for modified Sankey chart
<p><strong>The original data of the state vectors and transition matrixes of the LULC classification in Nanjing used to create the modified Sankey charts.</strong></p>
Annotated Pseudo-Transitive Relations of the LOD Cloud
<p>This resource consists of four folders:</p> <p>The <strong>gold_standard</strong> folder provides the files consisting of manually evaluated triples. <br> The files were exported from ANNit with the column:<br> LEFT* for the source URI of the triple.<br> RIGHT* for the target URI of the triple.<br> UserChioce for the choice of user when manually evaluated<br> Decision* for the actual decision made by annotator. It can only be unknown, remove, remain.<br> Comment, if any.</p> <p>The only three columns that matter for the evaluation of removed triples in this project are those labelled with *.</p> <p>The folder graph_file includes the unweighted graphs, as well as the two sets of weighted graphs: the graphs with counted weights and the graphs with inferred weights (in the subdirectory of <strong>counted_weights</strong> and <strong>inferred_weights</strong> subdirectory respectively). <br> The files are compressed in the format of *.gz. Each file consists of two columns of integers as the source and the target. The integers corresponds to the URIs. The corresponding mapping files are in the directory <strong>mapping</strong>.</p> <p>Finally, the corresponding files (of unweighted graphs) in WebGraph format are provided. These files were used when evaluating our algorithm against exiting web-scale feedback-arc-set algorithm.</p> <p> </p> <p>Should there be any problem with these datasets, please feel free to report to us at the following email address: <a href="mailto:shuai.wang@vu.nl">shuai.wang@vu.nl</a>.</p> <p> </p>
Data for the article "Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in the ultra-low damping alpha-Fe2O3 antiferromagnet"
<p>Data for experimental magneto-transport and resonance measurements for the article " Long-distance spin-transport across the Morin phase transition up to room temperature in the ultra-low damping α-Fe2O3 antiferromagnet " (https://arxiv.org/abs/2005.14414)</p>
Does the preferred walk-run transition speed on steep inclines minimize energetic cost, heart rate or neither?
Humans prefer to walk at slow speeds and to run at fast speeds. In between, there is a speed at which people choose to transition between gaits, the Preferred Transition Speed (PTS). At slow speeds, it is energetically cheaper to walk and at faster speeds, it is cheaper to run. Thus, there is an intermediate speed, the Energetically Optimal Transition Speed (EOTS). Our goals were to determine: 1) how PTS and EOTS compare across a wide range of inclines and 2) if the EOTS can be predicted by the heart rate optimal transition speed (HROTS). Ten healthy, high-caliber, male trail/mountain runners participated. On day 1, subjects completed 0&[deg] and 15&[deg] trials and on day 2, 5&[deg] and 10&[deg]. We calculated PTS as the average of the walk-to-run transition speed (WRTS) and the run-to-walk transition speed (RWTS) determined with an incremental protocol. We calculated EOTS and HROTS from energetic cost and heart rate data for walking and running near the expected EOTS for each incline. The intersection of the walking and running linear regression equations defined EOTS and HROTS. We found that PTS, EOTS, and HROTS all were slower on steeper inclines. PTS was slower than EOTS at 0&[deg], 5&[deg], and 10&[deg], but the two converged at 15&[deg]. Across all inclines, PTS and EOTS were only moderately correlated. Although EOTS correlated with HROTS, EOTS was not predicted accurately by heart rate on an individual basis.
Data for "Does the Preferred Walk-Run Transition Speed on Steep Inclines Minimize Energetic Cost, Heart Rate or Neither?"
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Humans prefer to walk at slow speeds and to run at fast speeds. In between, there is a speed at which people choose to transition between gaits, the Preferred Transition Speed (PTS). At slow speeds, it is energetically cheaper to walk and at faster speeds, it is cheaper to run. Thus, there is an intermediate speed, the Energetically Optimal Transition Speed (EOTS). Our goals were to determine: 1) how PTS and EOTS compare across a wide range of inclines and 2) if the EOTS can be predicted by the heart rate optimal transition speed (HROTS). Ten healthy, high-caliber, male trail/mountain runners participated. On day 1, subjects completed 0&[deg] and 15&[deg] trials and on day 2, 5&[deg] and 10&[deg]. We calculated PTS as the average of the walk-to-run transition speed (WRTS) and the run-to-walk transition speed (RWTS) determined with an incremental protocol. We calculated EOTS and HROTS from energetic cost and heart rate data for walking and running near the expected EOTS for each incline. The intersection of the walking and running linear regression equations defined EOTS and HROTS. We found that PTS, EOTS, and HROTS all were slower on steeper inclines. PTS was slower than EOTS at 0&[deg], 5&[deg], and 10&[deg], but the two converged at 15&[deg]. Across all inclines, PTS and EOTS were only moderately correlated. Although EOTS correlated with HROTS, EOTS was not predicted accurately by heart rate on an individual basis.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Subjects walked and ran on a classic Quinton 18-60 motorized treadmill with a rigid steel deck (Quinton Instrument Company, Bothell, WA).</p> <p><strong>Determination of PTS: </strong>The average of the walk-to-run transition speed (WRTS) and run-to-walk transition speed (RWTS) defined the PTS as per Hreljac et. al. (2007). We first determined the WRTS in the walk-first group and then their RWTS and <em>vice versa</em> for the run-first group. Based on pilot experiments, we selected starting speeds such that there was no doubt which gait would be preferred at the initial speed. Once the speed of the treadmill was correctly set, subjects mounted the treadmill and chose their gait <em>ad libitum</em>. After we determined the preferred gait at the particular speed, the subject straddled the treadmill belt while we changed the speed by 0.1 m/s (increased during WRTS trials, decreased during RWTS trials). The process repeated until a gait transition occurred and was sustained for 30 seconds.</p> <p><strong>Determination of EOTS and HROTS: </strong>For the energetics and heart rate trials, we set the initial speed based on pilot experiments that indicated it would be near the EOTS. Subjects in the walk-first group walked at the incline-specific initial speed for 5 min, rested for ∼5 min and then ran at that speed for 5 min. Subjects in the run-first group did the opposite. During the rest periods, we re-weighed the subject and they drank just enough water to compensate for the weight loss due mostly to sweating. Thus, each subject maintained a nearly constant weight throughout all the trials.</p> <p>To measure metabolic rate during walking and running, we used an open-circuit, expired gas analysis system (TrueOne 2400; ParvoMedics, Sandy, UT). Subjects wore a mouthpiece with a one-way breathing valve and a nose clip allowing us to collect their expired air. The ParvoMedics software calculated the STPD rates of oxygen consumption (V□O<sub>2</sub>) and carbon dioxide production (V□CO<sub>2</sub>) and we averaged the last 2 minutes of each 5-minute trial. We then calculated metabolic power using the equation of Péronnet and Massicotte (1991) equation, as clarified by Kipp et al. (2018). We only included trials with respiratory exchange ratios (RER) <1.0 to ensure that metabolic energy was predominantly being provided from oxidative pathways. We used an R7 Polar iWL (Polar Electro Oy, Kempele, Finland) to measure heart rate in beats per minute (bpm) and averaged the values for the last 2 min of each trial.</p> <p>Immediately after both gait trials were completed for the initial speed, we calculated and compared the metabolic power required for walking and running. If walking was the more economical gait, we increased the treadmill speed by 0.1 m/s, and the process repeated. If running was the more economical gait, we decreased the treadmill speed by 0.1 m/s, and the process repeated. Each subject performed three speeds, both walking and running at each incline. However, some subjects needed to complete walking and running trials at a fourth speed so that we could obtain energetics data for one speed faster and one speed slower than their EOTS.</p> <p>For the three speeds at which the differences between metabolic rates between walking and running were least, we calculated linear regression equations for both metabolic power and heart rate as functions of speed for both walking and running for each subject and incline. The speeds at which the two equations intersected defined the EOTS and HROTS for each subject.</p> <p>Overall, we analyzed ten subjects at four different inclines, i.e. 40 determinations of EOTS and HROTS. Of those 80 linear regression analyses, the walking vs. running regressions intersected at a speed < 3 m/sec for all but two subjects (one subject for EOTS at 15° and a different subject for HROTS at 10°). Essentially, those individuals’ regression lines were nearly parallel. We chose to exclude those two conditions from further statistical analysis and aggregate data compilation.</p> <p>Usage Notes</p> <p>There are two missing values, as noted in the methods: HROTS for subject 5 at 10 degrees and EOTS for subject 4 at 15 degrees.</p>
Littoral macroinvertebrate and water quality data for 32 lakes across the boreal-tundra transition in the Northwest Territories
<p>This dataset includes macroinvertebrate and water quality data from 32 lakes sampled in the Northwest Territories, Canada, from the Dempster and Inuvik-Tuktoyaktuk Highways during July and August of 2017 and 2018. It was collected as part of a project to determine how physicochemical variables affect macroinvertebrate and fish communities in small Arctic lakes.</p>
Following up the Kepler field: Masses of Targets for transit timing and atmospheric characterization
<p>These are posterior samples from TTV models presented in "Following up the Kepler field: Masses of Targets for transit timing and atmospheric characterization" by D. Jontof-Hutter, D., A. Wolfgang A., E. B. Ford, J. J. Liassauer, D. C. Fabrycky and J. F. Rowe.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.