Find research datasets worth reusing

FIGURE 21. Riella mediterranea. A–B. General habit. A. Female plant. B. male plant. C. Vegetative scale. D. Panduriform propaguliferous scale. E in Taxonomic revision of Riella subgenus Trabutiella (Riellaceae, Sphaerocarpales)

FIGURE 21. Riella mediterranea. A–B. General habit. A. Female plant. B. male plant. C. Vegetative scale. D. Panduriform propaguliferous scale. E. Detail of cells from margin of thallus wing. F. Female involucre. G. Transverse section of female involucre. H. Spore in distal view. I. Spines from distal face. J. Spines from proximal face. (A–I from 9.246 VAL-Briof., J from 9.245 VAL- Briof.).

FIGURE 17. Riella cossoniana. A–B. General habit. A. Female plant. B. Male plant. C–D. Panduriform propaguliferous scales. E. Vegetative scale. F in Taxonomic revision of Riella subgenus Trabutiella (Riellaceae, Sphaerocarpales)

FIGURE 17. Riella cossoniana. A–B. General habit. A. Female plant. B. Male plant. C–D. Panduriform propaguliferous scales. E. Vegetative scale. F. Detail of cells from margin of thallus wing. G. Female involucre. H. Transverse section of female involucre. I. Spore in distal view. J. Spines from distal face. (All from 9.226 VAL-Briof.).

FIGURE 19. Riella echinata. A-B. General habit. A. Female plant. B. Male plant. C. Vegetative scales. D. Gemmaling. E in Taxonomic revision of Riella subgenus Trabutiella (Riellaceae, Sphaerocarpales)

FIGURE 19. Riella echinata. A-B. General habit. A. Female plant. B. Male plant. C. Vegetative scales. D. Gemmaling. E. Detail of cells from margin of thallus wing. F. Female involucre. G. Transverse section of female involucre. H. Spore in distal view. I. Spines from distal face. (A–G from 9.232 VAL-Briof., H from 04003558 JE, I from 006621 Herb. Dirkse).

FIGURE 15. Riella affinis. A. General habit. B. Vegetative scale. C. Panduriform propaguliferous scale. D in Taxonomic revision of Riella subgenus Trabutiella (Riellaceae, Sphaerocarpales)

FIGURE 15. Riella affinis. A. General habit. B. Vegetative scale. C. Panduriform propaguliferous scale. D. Detail of cells from margin of thallus wing. E. Female involucre. F. Transverse section of female involucre. G. Spore in distal view. H. Detail of spines from distal face. I. Detail of spines from equatorial row. J. Detail of spines from proximal face. (A–F from 7.372 VAL-Briof., G, H, J from 1375 TFC-Bry., I from Krypto-S B177457).

opencc-zeroJul 2019View details →

Data from: Oscillayers: a dataset for the study of climatic oscillations over Plio-Pleistocene time scales at high spatial-temporal resolution

Motivation: In order to understand how species evolutionarily responded to Plio-Pleistocene climate oscillations (e.g. in terms of speciation, extinction, migration and adaptation), it is first important to have a good understanding of those past climate changes per se. This, however, is currently limited due to the lack of global-scale climatic datasets with high temporal resolution spanning the Plio-Pleistocene. To fill this gap, I here present Oscillayers, a global-scale and region-specific bioclim dataset, facilitating the study of climatic oscillations during the last 5.4 million years at high spatial (2.5 arc-minutes) and temporal (10 kyr time periods) resolution. This data set builds upon interpolated anomalies (Δ layers) between bioclim layers of the present and the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) that are scaled relative to the Plio-Pleistocene global mean temperature curve, derived from benthic stable oxygen isotope ratios, to generate bioclim variables for 539 time periods. Evaluation of the scaled, interpolated estimates of palaeo-climates generated for the Holocene, Last Interglacial and Pliocene showed good agreement with independent General Circulation Models (GCMs) for respective time periods in terms of pattern correlation and absolute differences. Oscillayers thus provides a new tool for studying spatial-temporal patterns of evolutionary and ecological processes at high temporal and spatial resolution. Main types of variable contained: 19 bioclim variables for time periods throughout the Plio-Pleistocene. Input data and R script to recreate all 19 bioclim variables. Spatial location and grain: Global at 2.5 arc-minutes (4.65 x 4.65 = 21.62 km2 at the equator). Time period and grain: The last 5.4 million years. The grain is 10 kyr (= 539 time periods). Level of measurement: Data are for terrestrial climates (excluding Antarctica) taking sea level changes into account. Software format: All data are available as ASCII (ESRI) grid files.

opennotspecifiedSep 2008View details →

FIGURES 87 & 88. Euloxia fugitivaria. 87. Second instar, abdominal epidermis. Scale bar 1 in Characterisation of the Larvae of Australian Nacophorini

FIGURES 87 & 88. Euloxia fugitivaria. 87. Second instar, abdominal epidermis. Scale bar 1 mm, 88. Fifth instar on Pimelea humilis. Scale bar 10 mm.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Habitat selection of Rusty blackbirds during stopover varies with scale and function

The Rusty Blackbird (Euphagus carolinus) is a widespread, uncommon migrant that has experienced heavy population declines over the last century. This species can spend over a quarter of their annual cycle on migration, so it is important to determine their habitat requirements during stopover events to inform effective conservation planning. Here, we assess their habitat selection at an important stopover site in northern Ohio during both fall and spring migration. Since stopover habitat selection is scale-dependent, we investigate both patch-scale (between patches) and fine-scale (within a patch) selection using radio telemetry to home in on foraging and roosting flocks, and compare habitat variables between used and available points across the study site. At the patch scale, we found that birds preferred dogwood-willow swamp, low-lying forest patches, and areas of greater habitat complexity for foraging in both seasons. At the fine scale, spring migrants foraged closer to habitat edges than random, and preferred areas with more wet leaf litter and shallow water, and less grass cover. Fall migrants also preferred shallow water and leaf litter cover, and avoided areas with dense grass, forbs, and herbaceous shrub cover. By contrast, birds consistently roosted in dense stands of emergent Phragmites or Typha marsh, suggesting that the best stopover or staging sites are those with a matrix of different wetland habitats. Although the migratory range of Rusty Blackbirds is currently dominated by agricultural development, our results suggest that fragmented landscapes can still provide adequate habitat for migrants if the available land is managed for a variety of wet habitat types.

opennotspecifiedMar 2014View details →

FIGURE 5. Ideograms and somatic metaphase cells. A. Clematis iranica. B. C. orientalis. C. C. iranica D. C. orientalis. Scale bar 10 in A new species of Clematis L. (Ranunculaceae) from Iran

FIGURE 5. Ideograms and somatic metaphase cells. A. Clematis iranica. B. C. orientalis. C. C. iranica D. C. orientalis. Scale bar 10 µm.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data related to: Open-system evolution of a crustal-scale magma column, Klamath Mountains, California

Granitic magmas commonly display evidence for some level of interaction with and/or origins from crustal rocks. There is fundamental debate in the community as to the processes that control the origins of these magmas and the potential for their contamination as they pass through the crust. One approach to addressing these issues involves a combination of detailed field mapping combined with geochemical analysis of bulk-rock samples and their constituent minerals. In particular, resolution of debates about magma origin(s) and contamination processes rely on U-Pb ages of zircon combined with isotopic data gathered from bulk-rock samples and from minerals such as zircon. The data presented here consist of U-Pb, Hf, and oxygen isotope analyses of zircon crystals separated from a major plutonic complex in northern California: the Wooley Creek batholith and Slinkard pluton. In addition, data are presented for samples of the metamorphic rocks that host these intrusions and for xenoliths of these host rocks engulfed by the intrusions. These data are discussed in the above-mentioned manuscript. Generation of the data was supported by National Science Foundation grants EAR-0838342 to C. Barnes and A. Yoshinobu, EAR-0838546 to K. Chamberlain, and EAR-1524336 to J. Valley. The WiscSIMS isotope facility (oxygen isotope data) was supported by NSF grant EAR-1658823 and the University of Wisconsin-Madison. Figure 1 illustrates the locations of plutonic samples analyzed. Table 1 presents sample locations and rock types. Tables 2–5 present U-Pb ages and Hf isotope data determined by laser-ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry at the University of California-Santa Barbara. Tables 6A–6E present U-Pb ages determined by SHRIMP-RG (sensitive high resolution ion microprobe-reverse geometry) at Stanford University. Table 7 presents oxygen isotope (zircon) data determined by SIMS (secondary ion mass spectrometry at the University of Wisconsin-Madison.

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Data from: Large scale patterns of marine diatom richness: drivers and trends in a changing ocean.

Aim Plankton diversity is a pivotal element of marine ecosystem stability and functioning. A major obstacle in the assessment of diversity is the lack of consistency between patterns assessed by molecular and morphological data. This work aims to reconcile the two in a single richness measure, to investigate the environmental drivers affecting such measure, and finally to predict its spatio-temporal patterns. Location & Time period This is a global-scale study, based on data collected within the 2009-2013 interval during the Tara Oceans expedition. Major taxa studied The focus of this study is diatoms. They play an important role in several biogeochemical cycles and within marine food webs, while displaying a high taxonomic and functional richness. Methods We integrate measures of diatom richness across the global ocean using molecular and morphological approaches, giving particular attention to the rare biosphere. We then perform a machine-learning-based analysis of these reconciled patterns to extrapolate diatom richness at the global scale and to identify the main environmental processes governing it. Finally, we model the response of diatom richness to climate change. Results By filtering out 0.3% of the rarest operational taxonomic units, molecular-based richness patterns show the best possible match with the morphological approach. Temperature, phosphate, chlorophyll a and the Lyapunov exponent are the major explainers of these reconciled patterns. Global scale predictions provide a first approximation of the global geography of diatom richness and of the possible impacts of climate change. Main conclusion Our models suggest that diatom richness is controlled by different processes characteristic of distinct environmental scenarios: lateral mixing in highly dynamic regions, and both nutrient availability and temperature elsewhere. We present herein the implications of these processes on richness and how these same implications differ from other diversity indices because of the main component of richness: the rare biosphere.

Figure 10 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 10. Transition of upper cloud forests and paramo at 3400 m in El Baho (Cordillera de Mérida) with bamboo clumps growing more than 2 m high, the Cheimas opalinus larval host plant (in the left upper corner in the foreground) (photo: B. Benedek, 28 January 2009).

Figure 8 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 8. Cheimas opalinus spectra showing reflectivity of hind wing dorsal wing surface in the discal area for various populations and individuals. (a) C. o. opalinus males (158–159, 180–181) and female (159) with blue-green patch; (b) C. o rosalinus males (162–163) and female (160) with bluegreen patch. (c) C. o. opalinus (165) and C. o. rosalinus (161) females without blue patch.

Figure 6 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 6. Scaling of Cheimas opalinus. (a) C. opalinus opalinus female hind wing dorsal surface showing the edge of the structural colour patch; the folded apices of the colour-generating scales are well visible, as well as the flat ordinary scales with brown coloration; (b) female ventral hind wing surface discal area showing that there are no hairs; (c) male ventral hind wing discal area showing dense hairiness; (d) lateral view of the male wing membrane showing the short hairs more or less perpendicular to the ventral wing surface (upper surface) and the longer hairs of the wing dorsal surface (lower surface) (scale, 1 mm).

Figure 4 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 4. Lasiophila lucuma Pyrcz in copula (Ampay, Peru) illustrating a typical mating posture of Satyrinae, with the female hind wings closed over the male's wings.

Figure 5 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 5. Frequency of the categories of the patch fading and wing damaging indices in males and females of all examined Cheimas opalinus specimens. (a) Males; (b) females (index categories explained in the text; for data table see Online Supplemental Material).

Figure 3 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 3. Different stages of blue patch fading and wing damaging in males and females of Cheimas opalinus: (a) young male of C. o. cristalinus (Pico Tonojo); (b) old male with signs of bird attack (Pico Tonojo); (c) another old male with signs of bird attack (Pico Tonojo); (d) young, virgin female of C. o. opalinus (El Potrero); (e) young, virgin female of C. o. rosalinus (Agua de Obispo); (f) young, mated female of C. o. dominici (El Baho) without patch.

Figure 9 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 9. Mating simulation experiment in Cheimas opalinus dominici. (a) Female hind wing mounted; (b) male hind wing mounted on the female hind wing; (c) male hind wing artificial movement over the female hind wing; (d) faded female dorsal hind wing after removing the male wing at the end of the experiment.

Figure 7 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 7. Scanning electron microscope photographs of Cheimas opalinus opalinus scales: (a) bluegreen (folded) and brown (flat) cover scales; (b) blue-green (folded) cover scales making up the hind wing dorsum structurally coloured patch; (c, d) microstructures of the blue-green colour-generating scale in two magnifications and different views, the periodicity of the cross ribs and the microribs on the side of the ridges are responsible; (e, f) female brown wing areas showing the scales of the hind wing dorsal surface (e) and the area of the blue patch after losing the blue colour-generating scales (f) (scale as indicated).

Figure 2 in An imperfect imago? Post-mating loss of iridescent scales in Cheimas butterflies may change female from attractive to cryptic (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Satyrinae)

Figure 2. Young females of various subspecies of Cheimas opalinus (left column: virgin, right column: mated): (a, b) C. o. dominici (El Baho); (c, d) C. o. opalinus (El Potrero); (e, f) C. o. rosalinus (Paramo El Rosal).