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Previously treated within P aurtus, then P in Vespertilionidae
Previously treated within P aurtus, then P. austriacus, and then P. teneriffae. Based on morphological analyses, populations of Cyrenaica were separated as race gaisleri, with Maghreb populations tentatively included; but genetic evidence showed bats from these two regions to be distinct from each other. They were subsequently placed in P. kolombatovici as two races (one undescribed), but were later separated as P. gaisleri. Maghreb population appears to be taxonomically distinct, but has yet to be formally separated and described. Treated as monotypic. Distribution. Morocco E to N Libya, in Mediterranean zone; also tentatively Malta.
Subspecies and Distribution. R.p.parvulaH.Allen,1866—MariasIs,offNayarit,Mexico. R. p. major G. G. Goodwin, 1958 — Pacific coast of Mexico, from Sonora S to Oaxaca. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. R.p.parvulaH.Allen,1866—MariasIs,offNayarit,Mexico. R. p. major G. G. Goodwin, 1958 — Pacific coast of Mexico, from Sonora S to Oaxaca.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.christiiJ.E.Gray,1838—EgyptandNSudan. P. c. petraeus Benda, 2008 — S Israel, SWJordan, and NE Egypt (Sinai). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.christiiJ.E.Gray,1838—EgyptandNSudan. P. c. petraeus Benda, 2008 — S Israel, SWJordan, and NE Egypt (Sinai).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.auritusLinnaeus,1758—mostofEurope,includingBritishIs,NIberianPeninsula,Sardinia,SScandinavia,SFinland,RussiaEtoUrals,andCaucasus. P. a. begognae de Paz, 1994 — C & SW Iberian Peninsula. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.auritusLinnaeus,1758—mostofEurope,includingBritishIs,NIberianPeninsula,Sardinia,SScandinavia,SFinland,RussiaEtoUrals,andCaucasus. P. a. begognae de Paz, 1994 — C & SW Iberian Peninsula.
Subspecies and Distribution. IL p. phyllotis G. M. Allen, 1916 — C Arizona (SW USA) S to Michoacan (SC Mexico). I. p. hualapaiensis Tumlison, 1993 — extreme S Nevada, S Utah, and N Arizona (SW USA). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. IL p. phyllotis G. M. Allen, 1916 — C Arizona (SW USA) S to Michoacan (SC Mexico). I. p. hualapaiensis Tumlison, 1993 — extreme S Nevada, S Utah, and N Arizona (SW USA).
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.pallidusLeConte,1856—SWCanada(BritishColumbia),USA,andMexico. A.p.bunker:Hibbard,1934—KansasandOklahoma,CUSA. A.p.koopmaniOrr&Silva-Taboada,1960—Cuba. A.p.minorG.S.Miller,1902—SWUSA(CaliforniaandSWArizona)andNWMexico(BajaCalifornia). A.p.pacificusMerriam,1897—PacificcoastofUSA. A. p. packardi C. O. Martin & Schmidly, 1982 — N & C Mexico. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. A.p.pallidusLeConte,1856—SWCanada(BritishColumbia),USA,andMexico. A.p.bunker:Hibbard,1934—KansasandOklahoma,CUSA. A.p.koopmaniOrr&Silva-Taboada,1960—Cuba. A.p.minorG.S.Miller,1902—SWUSA(CaliforniaandSWArizona)andNWMexico(BajaCalifornia). A.p.pacificusMerriam,1897—PacificcoastofUSA. A. p. packardi C. O. Martin & Schmidly, 1982 — N & C Mexico.
Subspecies and Distribution. E.p.pachyomusTomes,1857—SEIran,NEAfghanistan,NPakistan,extremeSWChina(Tibet[=Xizang]),NIndia(JammuandKashmirEtoNagaland),Nepal,andBhutan. E.p.andersoniDobson,1871—EMyanmar,C,SC&SEChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,Hunan,Jiangxi,Anhui,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,andFujian),NThailand,NLaos,andNVietnam. E.p.horikawaiKishida,1924—TaiwanI. E. p. pallens G. S. Miller, 1911 — S Mongolia, NC, NE, C & E China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia [= Nei Mongol], Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, andJiangsu), and Korean Peninsula. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. E.p.pachyomusTomes,1857—SEIran,NEAfghanistan,NPakistan,extremeSWChina(Tibet[=Xizang]),NIndia(JammuandKashmirEtoNagaland),Nepal,andBhutan. E.p.andersoniDobson,1871—EMyanmar,C,SC&SEChina(Sichuan,Yunnan,Guizhou,Hunan,Jiangxi,Anhui,Jiangsu,Shanghai,Zhejiang,andFujian),NThailand,NLaos,andNVietnam. E.p.horikawaiKishida,1924—TaiwanI. E. p. pallens G. S. Miller, 1911 — S Mongolia, NC, NE, C & E China (Gansu, Inner Mongolia [= Nei Mongol], Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Sichuan, Ningxia, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, Beijing, Tianjin, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Anhui, andJiangsu), and Korean Peninsula.
Subspecies and Distribution. T.p.pachypusTemminck,1840—SumatraandJava. T.p.bhaktiOey,1960—Bali,Lombok,andAmbonIs(althoughAmbonindividualsareonlytentativelyassignedtothissubspecies). T. p. meyeri Peters, 1872 — Philippines. Present on Borneo, where subspecific identity uncertain, and needs further investigation. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. T.p.pachypusTemminck,1840—SumatraandJava. T.p.bhaktiOey,1960—Bali,Lombok,andAmbonIs(althoughAmbonindividualsareonlytentativelyassignedtothissubspecies). T. p. meyeri Peters, 1872 — Philippines. Present on Borneo, where subspecific identity uncertain, and needs further investigation.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.k.kuhliiNatterer,1817—C&SEurope,fromNFranceandIberianPeninsulaEtotheBalkans,limitinginNinSGermany,SCzechRepublic,Austria,andSlovakia;alsoonlargeMediterraneanIs. P.k.tkhwaniusCheesman&Hinton,1924—EAsiainSyria,Lebanon,Israel,Jordan,Iraq,Iran,andArabianPeninsula. P.k.lepidusBlyth,1845—SPoland,extremeESlovakia,Romania,Ukraine,WRussia,WKazakhstan,Caucasus,Anatolia,Uzbekistan,Turkmenistan,Afghanistan,Pakistan,andIndia. P. k. marginatus Cretzschmar, 1830 — N Africa from Morocco E to Egypt. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.k.kuhliiNatterer,1817—C&SEurope,fromNFranceandIberianPeninsulaEtotheBalkans,limitinginNinSGermany,SCzechRepublic,Austria,andSlovakia;alsoonlargeMediterraneanIs. P.k.tkhwaniusCheesman&Hinton,1924—EAsiainSyria,Lebanon,Israel,Jordan,Iraq,Iran,andArabianPeninsula. P.k.lepidusBlyth,1845—SPoland,extremeESlovakia,Romania,Ukraine,WRussia,WKazakhstan,Caucasus,Anatolia,Uzbekistan,Turkmenistan,Afghanistan,Pakistan,andIndia. P. k. marginatus Cretzschmar, 1830 — N Africa from Morocco E to Egypt.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.a. angulatus Peters, 1880 - E New Guinea and Biak-Supiori, Mioko, Manus, Karkar, Emirau, New Ireland, Duke of York, New Britain, Goodenough, Fergusson, Normanby, Misima, and Sudest Is. P. a. ponceleti Troughton, 1936 — Solomon Is, including Bougainville, Fauro, New Georgia, Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel and Nendo Is. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.a. angulatus Peters, 1880 - E New Guinea and Biak-Supiori, Mioko, Manus, Karkar, Emirau, New Ireland, Duke of York, New Britain, Goodenough, Fergusson, Normanby, Misima, and Sudest Is. P. a. ponceleti Troughton, 1936 — Solomon Is, including Bougainville, Fauro, New Georgia, Guadalcanal, Santa Isabel and Nendo Is.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola, Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa; perhaps also Malawi, although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania, although its subspecific identity is uncertain. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rusticusTomes,1861—scatteredrecordsfromWAfricafromSenegaltoEEthiopiaalongwithNUgandaandWCKenya. P. r. marrensis Thomas & Hinton, 1923 — S Africa in SE Angola, Zambia, NE Namibia, N Botswana, Zimbabwe, and NE South Africa; perhaps also Malawi, although specimens from that region need to be reexamined and are not mapped here. There is also a record from E Tanzania, although its subspecific identity is uncertain.
Distribution. Recorded from three localities in W & C Ethiopia (Beko River, Yamboshi River, and Chercher Mts) and three localities in W Kenya (Marsabit Lake, Mt Gargues, and Ngong); there is an apparent record from Tana Lake in NW Ethiopia, but it does not seem to represent this species (most likely P. hesperidus hesperidus). in Vespertilionidae
Distribution. Recorded from three localities in W & C Ethiopia (Beko River, Yamboshi River, and Chercher Mts) and three localities in W Kenya (Marsabit Lake, Mt Gargues, and Ngong); there is an apparent record from Tana Lake in NW Ethiopia, but it does not seem to represent this species (most likely P. hesperidus hesperidus).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hesperidusTemminck,1840—EAfricainEritrea,Djibouti,Ethiopia,SWSudan,SouthSudan,andNE&SSomalia. P.h.fuscatusThomas,1901—EAfricainEDRCongo,Uganda,Kenya,Rwanda,Burundi,andTanzania. P. h. subtilis Sundevall, 1846 — S Africa in NC, C & W Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, NC Botswana, E & South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and along the W coast of Madagascar. There are also records on Canary and Cape Verde Is and in W Africa in W & SE Senegal, N Liberia, SE Ivory Coast, SC Burkina Faso, SE Ghana, SW Niger, NC Nigeria, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, although exact placement of these populations among taxa currently recognized under the P. hesperidus species complex is uncertain. A thorough investigation of records of this species is needed. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hesperidusTemminck,1840—EAfricainEritrea,Djibouti,Ethiopia,SWSudan,SouthSudan,andNE&SSomalia. P.h.fuscatusThomas,1901—EAfricainEDRCongo,Uganda,Kenya,Rwanda,Burundi,andTanzania. P. h. subtilis Sundevall, 1846 — S Africa in NC, C & W Angola, Zambia, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, NC Botswana, E & South Africa, Swaziland, Lesotho, and along the W coast of Madagascar. There are also records on Canary and Cape Verde Is and in W Africa in W & SE Senegal, N Liberia, SE Ivory Coast, SC Burkina Faso, SE Ghana, SW Niger, NC Nigeria, W Cameroon, and Bioko I, although exact placement of these populations among taxa currently recognized under the P. hesperidus species complex is uncertain. A thorough investigation of records of this species is needed.
Subspecies and Distribution. N.p.plancyiGerbe,1880—NE&ECChina(Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Beijing,Shandong,Liaoning,andJilin). N.p.labiatusHodgson,1835—HimalayasfromNPakistan,NIndia,Nepal,SCChina,andNMyanmaralongwithNW&SVietnam;mayoccurinThailand,NLaos,NEVietnam,andPeninsularMalaysia,buttherearenoconfirmedrecordsfromtheseregions. N. p. velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923 — C & SE China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hong Kong) and Taiwan I. The subspecific status of recently collected specimens from the Central Cordillera of Luzon I in the Philippines is uncertain, although they may represent velutinus. Another specimen recently collected from Hainan I may also represent velutinus. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. N.p.plancyiGerbe,1880—NE&ECChina(Gansu,Shaanxi,Shanxi,Henan,Beijing,Shandong,Liaoning,andJilin). N.p.labiatusHodgson,1835—HimalayasfromNPakistan,NIndia,Nepal,SCChina,andNMyanmaralongwithNW&SVietnam;mayoccurinThailand,NLaos,NEVietnam,andPeninsularMalaysia,buttherearenoconfirmedrecordsfromtheseregions. N. p. velutinus G. M. Allen, 1923 — C & SE China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Guizhou, Guangxi, Hunan, Jiangxi, Fujian, Guangdong, and Hong Kong) and Taiwan I. The subspecific status of recently collected specimens from the Central Cordillera of Luzon I in the Philippines is uncertain, although they may represent velutinus. Another specimen recently collected from Hainan I may also represent velutinus.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs. P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh. P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs. P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs). P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969 — Myanmar, SC China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and Cambodia. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.j.javanicusJ.E.Gray,1838—PeninsularMalaysia,Singapore,Sumatra,Bangka,Borneo,Java,Sulawesi,Flores,Timor,andKarakelong;possiblyalsototheAruIs. P.j.babuThomas,1915—NPakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwaandPunjab),NIndia(HimachalPradesh,Uttarakhand,MadhyaPradesh,Maharashtra,Sikkim,WestBengal,Assam,Meghalaya,Nagaland,andManipur),extremeSWCinna(Tibet[=Xizang]),Nepal,Bhutan,andBangladesh. P.j.camortaeG.S.Miller,1902—AndamanandNicobarIs. P.j.meyeniWaterhouse,1845—Philippines(Luzon,Mindoro,Sibuyan,Negros,Panay,Camiguin,Mindanao,Palawan,andReinardIs). P. j. peguensis Sinha, 1969 — Myanmar, SC China (Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Vietnam (including Cat Ba and Cu Lao Cham Is), and Cambodia.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.t.tenuisTemminck,1840—Sumatra. P.t.mimusWroughton,1899—NWAfghanistan(NangarharProvince),Pakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Punjab,andSind),India,W&SSriLanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andNMyanmar. P.t.nitidusTomes,1859—Borneo(includingLabuanI),thePhilippines,Sulawesi,SeramI,AmbonI,andTimorI. P.t.portensisJ.A.Allen,1906—SChina(includingHainanI),Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,andPeninsularMalaysia(includingPenangI). P.t.sewelanusOey,1960—Java,Bali,andLombokIs. P. t. subulidens G. S. Miller, 1901 — Serasan I in the Natuna Is. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.t.tenuisTemminck,1840—Sumatra. P.t.mimusWroughton,1899—NWAfghanistan(NangarharProvince),Pakistan(KhyberPakhtunkhwa,Punjab,andSind),India,W&SSriLanka,Nepal,Bhutan,Bangladesh,andNMyanmar. P.t.nitidusTomes,1859—Borneo(includingLabuanI),thePhilippines,Sulawesi,SeramI,AmbonI,andTimorI. P.t.portensisJ.A.Allen,1906—SChina(includingHainanI),Myanmar,Thailand,Laos,Vietnam,Cambodia,andPeninsularMalaysia(includingPenangI). P.t.sewelanusOey,1960—Java,Bali,andLombokIs. P. t. subulidens G. S. Miller, 1901 — Serasan I in the Natuna Is.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.ceylonicusKelaart,1852—SriLanka. P.c.borneanusHill,1963—knownonlyfrom MtTrusMadi,NBorneo(onespecimen). P.c.indicusDobson,1878—E&SEPakistan(PunjabandSind),India,andBangladesh. P.c.raptorThomas,1904—SChina(SGuangxiandWeizhouI)andNVietnam. P.c.shanorumThomas,1915=ECMyanmar. P. c. tongfangensis Wang Sung, 1966 — Hainan I. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.ceylonicusKelaart,1852—SriLanka. P.c.borneanusHill,1963—knownonlyfrom MtTrusMadi,NBorneo(onespecimen). P.c.indicusDobson,1878—E&SEPakistan(PunjabandSind),India,andBangladesh. P.c.raptorThomas,1904—SChina(SGuangxiandWeizhouI)andNVietnam. P.c.shanorumThomas,1915=ECMyanmar. P. c. tongfangensis Wang Sung, 1966 — Hainan I.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.paterculusThomas,1915—N&NEIndia(JammuandKashmir,Bihar,Assam,Nagaland,andManipur),Myanmar,ELaos,Vietnam,andN&SWCambodia;alsoreportedfromNWThailandbutrequiresconfirmation. P. p. yunnanensis Wang Yingxiang, 1982 — SW China (Yunnan). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.paterculusThomas,1915—N&NEIndia(JammuandKashmir,Bihar,Assam,Nagaland,andManipur),Myanmar,ELaos,Vietnam,andN&SWCambodia;alsoreportedfromNWThailandbutrequiresconfirmation. P. p. yunnanensis Wang Yingxiang, 1982 — SW China (Yunnan).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pipistrellusSchreber,1774—mostofEurope(fromIrelandandIberianPeninsulaEtoRussia),Turkey,Levant,Caucasus,andNAfrica(MtsofMorocco,Algeria,Tunisia,andLibya). P. p. aladdin Thomas, 1905 — SW & E Asia (Iran E to Kazakhstan and Afghanistan, India, NE Myanmar, W, E & S China, and Taiwan I). in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pipistrellusSchreber,1774—mostofEurope(fromIrelandandIberianPeninsulaEtoRussia),Turkey,Levant,Caucasus,andNAfrica(MtsofMorocco,Algeria,Tunisia,andLibya). P. p. aladdin Thomas, 1905 — SW & E Asia (Iran E to Kazakhstan and Afghanistan, India, NE Myanmar, W, E & S China, and Taiwan I).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pygmaeusLeach,1825—mostofEurope(fromIrelandandIberianPeninsulaEtoRussia)andCaucasus;alsoonmajorMediterraneanIs(Balearic,Corsica,Sardinia,andSicily). P. p. cyprius Benda, 2007 — Cyprus. in Vespertilionidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pygmaeusLeach,1825—mostofEurope(fromIrelandandIberianPeninsulaEtoRussia)andCaucasus;alsoonmajorMediterraneanIs(Balearic,Corsica,Sardinia,andSicily). P. p. cyprius Benda, 2007 — Cyprus.
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