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Wing lengths of three Arctic butterfly species decrease as summers warm in Alaska
<p>Climate warming can cause arthropods to express plastic and/or evolved changes in morphology. Previous studies have demonstrated that body sizes of Arctic butterflies are influenced by the temperatures experienced as larvae. To investigate whether this was occurring among Alaskan butterflies, we analyzed temporal trends in the wing sizes of three Holarctic species, <em>Colias hecla, Boloria chariclea, </em>and<em> Boloria freija</em>, using museum specimens collected in Arctic tundra regions of Alaska between 1971 and 1995. Wing length was compared to accumulated growing degree days (GDD) during both the spring of the year collected and the previous year's summer during the normal period of larval development. We used mixed-effects models to test if spring and summer temperatures affected adult morphology. Results show that for every 1°C increase in average seasonal temperature, wingspans decreased between 0.7 millimeters and 5 millimeters, with <em>B. freija </em>the most strongly affected. Our results suggest that the morphological sensitivity of Arctic butterflies to warming is the outcome of interactions between life-history traits and regional climate, with all species sensitive to warming the summer before the flight year as well as warming the spring of the flight year. <em>Boloria freija</em>, which overwinters as late instar larvae that do not feed before pupation the following spring, was particularly strongly affected by summer warming.</p>
Data from: Shift from an extensive to an intensive root nutrient-acquisition mode with stand development of three Pinus species
<p>Plant roots employ diverse strategies to acquire soil nutrients, including direct nutrient uptake through absorptive fine roots and root hairs, scavenging nutrients by forming symbioses with mycorrhizal fungi, and mining nutrients by releasing root exudates. However, whether these three strategies are differently coordinated among phylogenetically closely-related tree species and how this coordination shifts with stand development remains largely unclear. To fill these knowledge gaps, we measured 13 root morphological, architectural, physiological and mycorrhizal traits tightly related to nutrient-acquisition of three <em>Pinus</em> species (<em>P. sylvestris</em> var. <em>mongolica</em>, <em>P. densiflora</em> and <em>P. tabuliformis</em>) at young (20-year-old) and mature (50-year-old) stages planted in nutrient-impoverished sandy soils, in Northeast China. We found that young trees had thinner absorptive fine roots and a higher specific root length than mature trees across three <em>Pinus</em> species, indicating that roots become morphologically less efficient in "do it yourself" scavenging nutrients during stand development. Moreover, young stands had greater root length density and root area index, and mature stands had faster root-exudation rates, suggesting that young stands rely more on expanding soil volumes to scavenge nutrients and mature stands depend more on root exudation to 'mine' nutrients. The three <em>Pinus</em> species exhibited different nutrient-acquisition strategies at the mature stage; <em>P. densiflora</em> had higher root length density and root area index, and the other two <em>Pinus</em> species had greater ectomycorrhizal colonization rates.</p> <p><em>Synthesis</em>. Our findings highlight that phylogenetically closely-related tree species may exhibit different nutrient-acquisition strategies, and suggest a shift from an extensive nutrient-acquisition mode depending more on absorptive fine roots to an intensive nutrient-acquisition mode relying more on root exudation during stand development.</p>
Data from: cultural attraction in pottery practice: group-specific shape transformations by potters from three communities
<p>Pottery is a quintessential indicator of human cultural dynamics. Cultural alignment of behavioral repertoires and artifacts has been considered to rest upon two distinct dynamics: selective transmission of information and culture-specific biased transformation. In a cross-cultural field experiment, we tested whether community-specific morphological features of ceramic vessels would arise when the same unfamiliar shapes were reproduced by professional potters from three different communities who threw vessels using wheels. We analyzed the details of the underlying morphogenesis development of vessels in wheel throwing. When expert potters from three different communities of practice were instructed to faithfully reproduce common unfamiliar model shapes that were not parts of the daily repertoires, the morphometric variation in the final shape was not random; rather, different potters produced vessels with more morphometric variation among than within communities, indicating the presence of community-specific deviations of morphological features of vessels. Furthermore, this was found both in the final shape and in the underlying process of morphogenesis; there was more variation in the morphogenetic path among than within communities. These results suggest that the morphological features of ceramic vessels produced by potters reliably and nonrandomly diverge among different communities.</p>
The three-dimensionally articulated oral apparatus of a Devonian heterostracan sheds light on feeding in Palaeozoic jawless fishes
<p>Attempts to explain the origin and diversification of vertebrates have commonly invoked the evolution of feeding ecology, contrasting the passive suspension feeding of invertebrate chordates and larval lampreys with active predation in living jawed vertebrates. Of the extinct jawless vertebrates that phylogenetically intercalate these living groups, the feeding apparatus is well-preserved only in the early diverging stem-gnathostome heterostracans. However its anatomy remains poorly understood. Here we use X-ray microtomography to characterise the feeding apparatus of the pteraspid heterostracan <em>Rhinopteraspis dunensis </em>(Roemer, 1855). The apparatus is composed of thirteen plates arranged approximately bilaterally, most of which articulate from the postoral plate. Our reconstruction shows that the oral plates were capable of rotating around the transverse axis, but likely with limited movement. It also suggests the nasohypophyseal organs opened internally, into the pharynx. The functional morphology of the apparatus in <em>Rhinopteraspis </em>precludes all proposed interpretations of feeding except for suspension/deposit feeding and we interpret the apparatus as having served primarily to moderate the oral gape. This is consistent with evidence that at least some early jawless gnathostomes were suspension feeders and runs contrary to macroecological scenarios that envisage early vertebrate evolution as characterised by a directional trend towards increasingly active food acquisition.</p>
Gate-Compatible Circuit QED in a Three-Dimensional Cavity Architecture
<p>This repository contains the raw data and processing code of the paper "Gate-Compatible Circuit QED in a Three-Dimensional Cavity Architecture"</p>
Data and code for "Niobium Quantum Interference Microwave Circuits with Monolithic Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanobridge Junctions"
<p>Data and measurements scripts for the paper "Niobium Quantum Interference Microwave Circuits with Monolithic Three-Dimensional (3D) Nanobridge Junctions"</p> <p>The package "stuelab" used in the scripts is also included. <br><br>Funding by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) via Grants No. BO 6068/1-1, No. BO 6068/2-1, and No. KO 1303/13-2, and support from the COST actions NANOCOHYBRI (CA16218) and SUPERQUMAP (CA21144)</p>
Formalized information from the study protocols of three decentralized studies on rare diseases within the CORD project
<p>The file contains formalized information from the study protocols of decentralized studies on rare diseases within the CORD project. This includes the diagnoses that are coded with ICD-10-GM. The following diseases or use cases are described:</p><ul><li>Cystic Fibrosis and Pregnancy or Delivery</li><li>Phenylketonuria, Comorbidities and Pregnancy or Delivery</li><li>Kawasaki and Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome (PIMS)</li></ul>
CH4 top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions.
<p>This dataset contains top-down emissions from three high-latitude Arctic regions (the North Slope of Alaska, the East Siberian Lowlands and the Taymyr Peninsula) using three different priors. Emissions were used in the publication "Ward et al., 2024 - Increasing methane emissions and widespread cold-season release from high-Arctic regions detected through atmospheric measurements" in review with JGR:Atmospheres. </p> <p>Top-down emissions were derived using the RHIME inverse model from the University of Bristol's Atmopsheric Chemistry Research Group. For more details on the model, inputs and region definitions please see the above publication.</p>
Parallel evolution despite low genetic diversity in three-spined sticklebacks
<p>The three-spined stickleback (<em>Gasterosteus aculeatus</em>) is a model organism for studies of parallel evolution in the wild; marine stickleback populations have repeatedly colonized and adapted to different brackish and freshwater habitats. Population genetic studies of European three-spined sticklebacks have usually been conducted only in high-latitude areas. Here, we analysed southern and northern European samples of marine and freshwater three-spined stickleback to test two hypotheses. First, southern European freshwater populations – which currently lack or have limited connection to marine populations – have lost genetic diversity due to population bottlenecks and inbreeding compared to their northern European counterparts. Second, the degree of genetic parallelism in response to freshwater colonisation is higher among northern than southern European populations as the latter have been isolated and likely subjected to strong genetic drift. The results show that southern populations exhibit lower genetic diversity but a higher degree of genetic parallelism than northern populations. Hence, they confirm the hypothesis that southern populations have lost genetic diversity, but this loss likely happened after they had already adapted to freshwater conditions, explaining the high degree of genetic parallelism in the south.</p>
Figure 5 in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 5. Map showing the collecting localities of the three new Habrocestum species from Meghalaya, India. Blue circle, H. emanasakgrensis. White circle, H. imilchang. Red circle, H. togansangmai, holotype. Red diamond, H. togansangmai, photographic record.
Figure 1 in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 1. Habrocestum emanasakgrensis, holotype male (NRC-AA-7687). A, Habitus, dorsal. B, Same, lateral. C, Same, frontal. D-E, Ventral (D) and retrolateral (E) views of left pedipalp. F, Left chelicera, retrolateral view.
Figure 4. A-D, Living holotype male Habrocestum togansangmai. E, Collection site for H in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 4. A-D, Living holotype male Habrocestum togansangmai. E, Collection site for H. togansangmai (Meghalaya: South West Khasi Hills). F, Collection site for H. emanasakgrensis and H. imilchang (Meghalaya: South Garo Hills District). Photo credit: G. Kadam.
Figure 3 in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 3. Habrocestum togansangmai, holotype male (NRC-AA-7689). A, Habitus, dorsal. B, Same, lateral. C, Same, frontal. D-E, Ventral (D) and retrolateral (E) views of left pedipalp. F, Left chelicera, retrolateral view.
Figure 2 in Three new jumping spiders from northeastern India (Araneae: Salticidae: Hasariini: Habrocestum)
Figure 2. Habrocestum imilchang, holotype male (NRC-AA-7688). A, Habitus, dorsal. B, Same, lateral. C, Same, frontal. D, Pedipalp femur showing femoral apophysis, ventral view. E- F, Ventral (E) and retrolateral (F) views of left pedipalp. G, Left chelicera, retrolateral view.
Generative AI in Crowdwork: A Survey of Workers at Three Platforms
<p>Dataset surveying the use and opinions on Generative AI by crowdworkers over three crowdsourcing platforms and across three continents. </p>
Generative AI in Crowdwork for Web and Social Media Research: A Survey of Workers at Three Platforms
<p>Data generated for the paper "<span>Generative AI in Crowdwork for Web and Social Media Research:</span><br><span>A Survey of Workers at Three Platforms</span>" presented at ICWSM 2024.</p>
Terrestrial water storage data based on the generalized three-cornered hat fusion method
<ul> <li>The dataset combines three GRACE Mascon products (CSR, JPL and GSFC) using the generalized three-cornered hat method (GTCH) to generate, referred to as TWS_GTCH. The dataset spans from 2003 to 2022, with a spatial resolution of 0.5 degrees and a temporal resolution of monthly.</li> <li>We deduct 2004-2009 means from the three GRACE terrestrial water storage (TWS) Mascon products to ensure that they have the same reference period. To enhance the reliability of the results and eliminate differences between datasets, we employ the GTCH method to calculate the root mean square error (rmse) of the GRACE TWS data to assess uncertainty. Finally, we utilize the least squares method to fuse the data based on their uncertainties.</li> </ul>
Figure 10 in Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of the Indian Ocean: an overview with the description of three new species
Figure 10. – Eleotris klunzingerii, Reunion Island (© E. Vigneux).
Figure 1 in Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of the Indian Ocean: an overview with the description of three new species
Figure 1. – The five different cephalic neuromast patterns in Eleotris.
Figure 6 in Eleotris (Teleostei: Eleotridae) of the Indian Ocean: an overview with the description of three new species
Figure 6. – Eleotris soaresi, in Playfair and Günther, 1867.
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.