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6,783 results for “orientator”
Datasets for the team orienteering problem (TOP) and generalized team orienteering problem (GTOP)
<p>The six datasets are used in the following paper: Wenzheng Xu , Weifa Liang, Zichuan Xu, Jian Peng, Dezhong Peng, Tang Liu, Xiaohua Jia, and Sajal K. Das,“Approximation algorithms for the generalized team orienteering problem and its applications,”<em><strong>which was submitted to journal</strong> </em>IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking (ToN) .</p> <p>Specific descriptions for the datasets:</p> <p><strong>1. GTOP-chargingPerformanceTable.xlsx</strong>: the performance comparison of different algorithms in rechargable sensor networks. Some results were published in the following paper: Wenzheng Xu, Zichuan Xu, Jian Peng, Weifa Liang, Tang Liu, Xiaohua Jia, and Sajal K. Das,“Approximation algorithms for the team orienteering problem,”in Proc. 39th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (INFOCOM), 2020, pp. 1389–1398.</p> <p><strong>2.</strong> <strong>GTOP-chargingTestInstances.rar</strong>: the test instances of rechargable sensor networks.</p> <p><strong>3. GTOP-uavNetworkPerformanceTable.xlsx</strong>: the performance comparison of different algorithms in UAV networks for monitoring disaster areas.</p> <p><strong>4.</strong> <strong>GTOP-UAVnetworkTestInstances.rar</strong>: the test instances for the GTOP problem in UAV networks.</p> <p><strong>5. </strong> <strong>TOP-157instances-original.rar</strong>: 157 test instances for the team orienteering problem, which are also available at:</p> <p>https://w1.cirrelt.ca/~vidalt/en/VRP-resources.html</p> <p><strong>6. TOP-performance.pdf</strong>: the performance comparison of different algorithms for the TOP problems,</p> <p>which is also available at: https://w1.cirrelt.ca/~vidalt/en/VRP-resources.html</p> <p> </p> <p>Please provide reference to Thibaut VIDAL, https://w1.cirrelt.ca/~vidalt/en/VRP-resources.html, if you use datasets 5 and 6.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
Tunneling cracks in arbitrary oriented off-axis lamina
<p>Abaqus models behind the results in the reference</p> <p>Mikkelsen, L.P., Klitgaard, S.J., Niordson, C.F., and Sørensen, B.F., Tunneling cracks in arbitrary oriented off-axis lamina. <em>Int. J. of Fracture, </em><strong>226</strong>, 161-179, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-020-00485-9">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10704-020-00485-9</a>, 2020.</p> <p>to which a reference should be given.</p> <p>The Abaqus models is saved as cae and corresponding jnl files. Here, Dxx indicate the layup angle, J is the J-integral model wile KJ is the model used both for J and stress intensity factor determination where there are added a thin layer between the crack and the neighboring 0-degree ply. The Umodel is the model used for the energy balance method. The ModelA is the half-width crack, ModelB is full-width crack for large angles and ModelC is full-width crack for small angles</p> <p>The PreProc...py file is for pre-processing of the Abaqus model, here for changing the angle of the ply and the crack</p> <p>The PostProc...py files is for post-processing of data from the Abaqus model saved as an odb-file. The Post-processing is for the analysis type indicated by the ModelA, B and/or C. The 61 or 93 indicate two different version with less or more elements through the thickness (number of nodes in the thickness direction). </p> <p>The Plot...py and Matlab files is for plotting some of the graph shown in the paper based on the output-files coming from the PostProc...py scripts. </p> <p>The ClassicLaminate zipped folder have the Matlab files for the Classical laminate theory. </p> <p>The Fig...zipped folders are the Matlab / Python files and the output rpt files required for making the plots shown in the paper.</p>
The left posterior cerebellum is involved in orienting attention along the mental number line: An online-TMS study
<p>Although converging evidence suggests that the posterior cerebellum is involved in visuospatial functions and in the orienting of attention, a clear topography of cerebellar regions causally involved in the control of spatial attention is still missing. In this study, we aimed to shed light on this issue by using online neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to temporarily interfere with posterior medial (Vermis lobule VII) and left lateral (Crus I/II) cerebellar activity during a task measuring visuospatial (landmark task, Experiment 1 and 2) and representational (number bisection task, Experiment 2) asymmetries in the orienting of attention. At baseline, participants showed attentional biases consistent with the literature, that is a leftward and upward bias with horizontal and vertical lines, respectively, and a leftward bias in number bisection. Critically, TMS over the left cerebellar hemisphere significantly counteracted pseudoneglect in the number bisection task, whilst not affecting attentional biases in the landmark task. In turn, TMS over the posterior vermis did not affect performance in either task. Taken together, our findings suggest that the left posterior cerebellar hemisphere (but not the posterior vermis) is a critical node of an extended brain network subtending the control of spatial attention, at least when attention needs to be allocated to an internal representational space and a certain degree of mental manipulation is required (as in the number bisection task).</p>
Wind creates crown shyness, asymmetry and orientation in a tropical montane oak forest
<p>In a cloud forest dominated by Quercus costaricensis the gap size between the crowns was consistent and crowns were asymmetrical, being elongated perpendicular to the prevailing wind direction. A wind storm of 20 m s-1 removed 1.5% of the leaves, consistent with the idea that wind abrasion shapes tree crowns.</p>
System of (History-Oriented Information) Systems
<p>2<sup>nd</sup> Project Presentation</p>
Figures 1-8 from: Reemer M (2020) A third species of the rarely collected Oriental hoverfly genus Furcantenna Cheng, 2008 (Diptera, Syrphidae, Microdontinae). ZooKeys 989: 73-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.989.57087
Figures 1-8 Furcantenna malayana sp. nov.,female, holotype 1 habitus dorsal 2 habitus lateral 3 head frontal 4 head lateral 5 thorax dorsal 6 scutellum dorsal 7 wing 8 abdomen dorsal.
Constitutive model of erythrocyte membranes with distributions of spectrin orientations and lengths - pipette aspiration data and MatLab Code
<p>The speadsheet contains the original micropipette aspiration measurement of red blood cell membrane. There are five days of experiment each on its own tab, the first three of which are reported in the manuscript. The MatLab code used to generate theoretical predictions based on our new microstructurebased constitutive model are also included. This is the code used to generate least squared regression values for the material coefficients.</p>
FIGURE 18 in Twonew species ofCamptopteroides Camptopteroides (Hymenoptera:Mymaridae) from the Oriental region with a key to Old World species
FIGURE 18. Camptopteroides (Camptopteroides) reducta sp. n., ♀ holotype: habitus.
FIGURE 1 in Twonew species ofCamptopteroides Camptopteroides (Hymenoptera:Mymaridae) from the Oriental region with a key to Old World species
FIGURE 1. Camptopteroides (Camptopteroides) formosa sp. n., ♀ holotype: habitus.
Figure 3 from: Liu W-B, Yao Y, Yan C-C, Wang X-H, Lin X-L (2021) A new species of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Oriental China. ZooKeys 1011: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59554
Figure 3 Polypedilum (Cerobregma) huapingensis Liu & Lin, sp. nov., holotype male A head B thorax C wing. Scale bars: 200 µm.
Figure 4 from: Liu W-B, Yao Y, Yan C-C, Wang X-H, Lin X-L (2021) A new species of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Oriental China. ZooKeys 1011: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59554
Figure 4 Polypedilum (Cerobregma) huapingensis Liu & Lin, sp. nov., holotype male A hypopygium, dorsal view B hypopygium, ventral view C abdomen D superior volsella E anal point. Scale bars: 100 µm.
Figure 1 from: Liu W-B, Yao Y, Yan C-C, Wang X-H, Lin X-L (2021) A new species of Polypedilum (Cerobregma) (Diptera, Chironomidae) from Oriental China. ZooKeys 1011: 139-148. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1011.59554
Figure 1 Neighbor-joining tree for six species of the subgenus Cerobregma based on K2P distance in DNA barcodes. Numbers on branches represent bootstrap support (>70%) based on 1000 replicates; scale equals K2P genetic distance.
Data from: Hummingbirds control turning velocity using body orientation and turning radius using asymmetrical wingbeat kinematics
Turning in flight requires reorientation of force, which birds, bats and insects accomplish either by shifting body position and total force in concert or by using left–right asymmetries in wingbeat kinematics. Although both mechanisms have been observed in multiple species, it is currently unknown how each is used to control changes in trajectory. We addressed this problem by measuring body and wingbeat kinematics as hummingbirds tracked a revolving feeder, and estimating aerodynamic forces using a quasi-steady model. During arcing turns, hummingbirds symmetrically banked the stroke plane of both wings, and the body, into turns, supporting a body-dependent mechanism. However, several wingbeat asymmetries were present during turning, including a higher and flatter outer wingtip path and a lower more deviated inner wingtip path. A quasi-steady analysis of arcing turns performed with different trajectories revealed that changes in radius were associated with asymmetrical kinematics and forces, and changes in velocity were associated with symmetrical kinematics and forces. Collectively, our results indicate that both body-dependent and -independent force orientation mechanisms are available to hummingbirds, and that these kinematic strategies are used to meet the separate aerodynamic challenges posed by changes in velocity and turning radius.
Data from: Binocular combination of stimulus orientation
When two sine waves that differ slightly in orientation are presented to the two eyes separately, a single cyclopean sine wave is perceived. However, it is unclear how the brain calculates its orientation. Here, we used a signal detection rating method to estimate the perceived orientation when the two eyes were presented with Gabor patches that differed in both orientation and contrast. We found a nearly linear combination of orientation when both targets had the same contrast. However, the binocular percept shifted away from the linear prediction towards the orientation with the higher contrast, depending on both the base contrast and the contrast ratio. We found that stimuli that differ slightly in orientation are combined into a single percept, similarly for monocular and binocular presentation, with a bias that depends on the interocular contrast ratio. Our results are well fitted by gain-control models, and are consistent with a previous study that favoured the DSKL model that successfully predicts binocular phase and contrast combination and binocular contrast discrimination. In this model, the departures from linearity may be explained on the basis of mutual suppression and mutual enhancement, both of which are stronger under dichoptic than monocular conditions.
Data from: Transgender transitioning and change of self-reported sexual orientation
Objective: Sexual orientation is usually considered to be determined in early life and stable in the course of adulthood. In contrast, some transgender individuals report a change in sexual orientation. A common reason for this phenomenon is not known. Methods: We included 115 transsexual persons (70 male-to-female "MtF" and 45 female-to-male "FtM") patients from our endocrine outpatient clinic, who completed a questionnaire, retrospectively evaluating the history of their gender transition phase. The questionnaire focused on sexual orientation and recalled time points of changes in sexual orientation in the context of transition. Participants were further asked to provide a personal concept for a potential change in sexual orientation. Results: In total, 32.9% (n = 23) MtF reported a change in sexual orientation in contrast to 22.2% (n = 10) FtM transsexual persons (p = 0.132). Out of these patients, 39.1% (MtF) and 60% (FtM) reported a change in sexual orientation before having undergone any sex reassignment surgery. FtM that had initially been sexually oriented towards males ( = androphilic), were significantly more likely to report on a change in sexual orientation than gynephilic, analloerotic or bisexual FtM (p = 0.012). Similarly, gynephilic MtF reported a change in sexual orientation more frequently than androphilic, analloerotic or bisexual MtF transsexual persons (p = 0.05). Conclusion: In line with earlier reports, we reveal that a change in self-reported sexual orientation is frequent and does not solely occur in the context of particular transition events. Transsexual persons that are attracted by individuals of the opposite biological sex are more likely to change sexual orientation. Qualitative reports suggest that the individual's biography, autogynephilic and autoandrophilic sexual arousal, confusion before and after transitioning, social and self-acceptance, as well as concept of sexual orientation itself may explain this phenomenon.
Data from: Orientation-invariance of individual differences in three face processing tasks
Numerous studies have reported impairments in perception and recognition, and, particularly, in part-integration of faces following picture-plane inversion. Whether these findings support the notion that inversion changes face processing qualitatively remains a topic of debate. To examine whether associations and dissociations of the human face processing ability depend on stimulus orientation, we measured face recognition with the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT), along with experimental tests of face perception and selective attention to faces and non-face objects in a sample of 314 participants. Results showed strong inversion effects for all face-related tasks, and modest ones for non-face objects. Individual differences analysis revealed that the CFMT shared common variance with face perception and face-selective attention, however, independent of orientation. Regardless of whether predictor and criterion had same or different orientation, face recognition was best predicted by the same test battery. Principal component decomposition revealed a common factor for face recognition and face perception, a second common factor for face recognition and face-selective attention, and two unique factors. The patterns of factor loadings were nearly identical for upright and inverted presentation. These results indicate orientation-invariance of common variance in three domains of face processing. Since inversion impaired performance, but did not affect domain-related associations and dissociations, the findings suggest process-specific but orientationgeneral mechanisms. Specific limitations by constraints of individual differences analysis and test selection are discussed.
Data from: Quality attracts parasites: host condition-dependent chemo-orientation of trematode larvae
1. Environmental factors impairing physiological condition of organisms are assumed to predispose them to parasite infections. This is because host immune function is typically condition-dependent. However, poor physiological condition has been reported to reduce host susceptibility to parasites in various systems. 2. We examined whether such an effect can be due to altered exposure of hosts to active parasite transmission stages by investigating chemo-orientation of free-swimming cercariae larvae of a parasite Echinoparyphium aconiatum towards its snail host Lymnaea stagnalis. 3. We used both long-term and short-term feeding treatments to manipulate the body condition and physiological traits related to food processing in experimental (i.e. target) snails and measured the preference of cercariae towards snail-conditioned water (SCW) over clean water. 4. We found that chemo-orientation of cercariae depended on the nutritional status of target snails. High physiological condition (long-term feeding) attracted parasites, but cercariae did not show preference towards SCW from individuals in poor physiological condition (long-term starvation). Food processing (short-term feeding treatments) did not affect chemo-orientation. 5. Our results suggest that host condition-dependent chemo-orientation of parasite larvae is a likely mechanism explaining the reduced susceptibility of snails to infection due to food limitation in our study system. In general, the use of condition-dependent host cues can be highly beneficial for parasites as it increases their transmission to high-quality hosts. Furthermore, evolving counter adaptations to such a transmission strategy can be very difficult for hosts.
Data from: Geckos significantly alter foot orientation to facilitate adhesion during downhill locomotion
Geckos employ their adhesive system when moving up an incline, but the directionality of the system may limit function on downhill surfaces. Here, we use a generalist gecko to test whether limb modulation occurs on downhill slopes to allow geckos to take advantage of their adhesive system. We examined three-dimensional limb kinematics for geckos moving up and down a 45° slope. Remarkably, the hind limbs were rotated posteriorly on declines, resulting in digit III of the pes facing a more posterior direction (opposite to the direction of travel). No significant changes in limb orientation were found in any other condition. This pes rotation leads to a dramatic shift in foot function that facilitates the use of the adhesive system as a brake/stabilizer during downhill locomotion and, although this rotation is not unique to geckos, it is significant for the deployment of adhesion. Adhesion is not just advantageous for uphill locomotion but can be employed to help deal with the effects of gravity during downhill locomotion, highlighting the incredible multi-functionality of this key innovation.
Data from: Shear-induced orientational dynamics and spatial heterogeneity in suspensions of motile phytoplankton
Fluid flow, ubiquitous in natural and man-made environments, has the potential to profoundly impact the transport of microorganisms, including phytoplankton in aquatic habitats and bioreactors. Yet, the effect of ambient flow on the swimming behavior of phytoplankton has remained poorly understood, largely due to the difficulty of observing cell-flow interactions at the microscale. Here, we present microfluidic experiments where we tracked individual cells for four species of motile phytoplankton exposed to a spatially non-uniform fluid shear rate, characteristic of many flows in natural and artificial environments. We observed that medium to high mean shear rates (1 – 25 s^-1) produce heterogeneous cell concentrations in the form of regions of accumulation and regions of depletion. The location of these regions relative to the flow depends on the cells' propulsion mechanism, body shape, and flagellar arrangement, as captured by an effective aspect ratio. Species having a large effective aspect ratio accumulated in the high-shear regions, due to shear-induced alignment of the swimming orientation with the fluid streamlines. Species having an effective aspect ratio close to unity exhibited little preferential accumulation at low to moderate flow rates, but strongly accumulated in the low-shear regions under high flow conditions, potentially due to an active, behavioral response of cells to shear. These observations demonstrate that ambient fluid flow can strongly affect the motility and spatial distribution of phytoplankton and highlight the rich dynamics emerging from the interaction between motility, morphology, and flow.
Data from: Social orienting in gaze leading: a mechanism for shared attention
Here, we report a novel social orienting response that occurs after viewing averted gaze. We show, in three experiments, that when a person looks from one location to an object, attention then shifts towards the face of an individual who has subsequently followed the person's gaze to that same object. That is, contrary to 'gaze following', attention instead orients in the opposite direction to observed gaze and towards the gazing face. The magnitude of attentional orienting towards a face that 'follows' the participant's gaze is also associated with self-reported autism-like traits. We propose that this gaze leading phenomenon implies the existence of a mechanism in the human social cognitive system for detecting when one's gaze has been followed, in order to establish 'shared attention' and maintain the ongoing interaction.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.