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Subspecies and Distribution. O.p.princepsRichardson,1828—NRockyMts,SWCanada(SEBritishColumbia,SWAlberta)andNWUSA(MontanaandIdahotoNENevadaandNColorado). O.p.fenisexOsgood,1913—CoastandCascaderanges,SWCanada(SBritishColumbia)andNWUSA(Washington,WOregon). O.p.saxatilisBangs,1899—SRockyMts,USA(Colorado,NNewMexico). O.p.schisticepsMerriam,1889—SierraNevadaandGreatBasin,SWUSA(EOregon,ECalifornia,Nevada,SWUtah). O. p. winta Hollister, 1912 — Uinta Mts and Wasatch Range of C Utah, W USA. in Ochotonidae
Subspecies and Distribution. O.p.princepsRichardson,1828—NRockyMts,SWCanada(SEBritishColumbia,SWAlberta)andNWUSA(MontanaandIdahotoNENevadaandNColorado). O.p.fenisexOsgood,1913—CoastandCascaderanges,SWCanada(SBritishColumbia)andNWUSA(Washington,WOregon). O.p.saxatilisBangs,1899—SRockyMts,USA(Colorado,NNewMexico). O.p.schisticepsMerriam,1889—SierraNevadaandGreatBasin,SWUSA(EOregon,ECalifornia,Nevada,SWUtah). O. p. winta Hollister, 1912 — Uinta Mts and Wasatch Range of C Utah, W USA.
Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.palustrisBachman,1837—fromSEVirginia(DismalSwamp)throughENorthCarolinatoSAlabamaandNFlorida(SEUSA). S.p.hefneriLazell,1984—BocaChica,Saddlebunch,Sugarloaf,andBigPineKeys(FloridaKeys),andonsomeofthesurroundingsmallerkeys(SEUSA). S. p. paludicola Miller & Bangs, 1894 — Florida Peninsula (SE USA). in Leporidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.palustrisBachman,1837—fromSEVirginia(DismalSwamp)throughENorthCarolinatoSAlabamaandNFlorida(SEUSA). S.p.hefneriLazell,1984—BocaChica,Saddlebunch,Sugarloaf,andBigPineKeys(FloridaKeys),andonsomeofthesurroundingsmallerkeys(SEUSA). S. p. paludicola Miller & Bangs, 1894 — Florida Peninsula (SE USA).
Subspecies and Distribution. Z.p.pichiyDesmarest,1804—pampasofE&SEArgentina. Z. p. caurinus Thomas, 1928 — SE Chile and W Argentina. in Chlamyphoridae
Subspecies and Distribution. Z.p.pichiyDesmarest,1804—pampasofE&SEArgentina. Z. p. caurinus Thomas, 1928 — SE Chile and W Argentina.
Subspecies and Distribution. P. a. aedium F. Cuvier, 1836 — SW Haiti (Massif de la Hotte). P.a.bondiTurveyetal.,2015 — SE Hait (Massif de la Selle), and SW Dominican Republic (Sierra de Baoruco). P. a. hylaeum Miller, 1927 — N Dominican Republic. in Echimyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P. a. aedium F. Cuvier, 1836 — SW Haiti (Massif de la Hotte). P.a.bondiTurveyetal.,2015 — SE Hait (Massif de la Selle), and SW Dominican Republic (Sierra de Baoruco). P. a. hylaeum Miller, 1927 — N Dominican Republic.
Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.prehensilisPoeppig,1824—Cubamainland. M.p.gundlachiChapman,1901—NIslade laJuventud(offSWCuba) . M. p. meridionalis Varona, 1986 — S Isla de la Juventud (off SW Cuba). in Echimyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. M.p.prehensilisPoeppig,1824—Cubamainland. M.p.gundlachiChapman,1901—NIslade laJuventud(offSWCuba) . M. p. meridionalis Varona, 1986 — S Isla de la Juventud (off SW Cuba).
Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.piloridesSay,1822—Cubamainland. C.p.ciprianoiBorroto,Camacho&Ramos,1992—SIsladelaJuventud(offSWCuba). C.p.doceleguasVarona,1980—JardinesdelaReinaArchipelago(offSCCuba). C.p.gundlachianusVarona,1983—SabanaArchipelago(offNCCuba). C. p. relictus G. M. Allen, 1911 — N Isla de la Juventud (off SW Cuba). in Echimyidae
Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.piloridesSay,1822—Cubamainland. C.p.ciprianoiBorroto,Camacho&Ramos,1992—SIsladelaJuventud(offSWCuba). C.p.doceleguasVarona,1980—JardinesdelaReinaArchipelago(offSCCuba). C.p.gundlachianusVarona,1983—SabanaArchipelago(offNCCuba). C. p. relictus G. M. Allen, 1911 — N Isla de la Juventud (off SW Cuba).
MicroRNA-574-5p targeting HOXC6 expression inhibits the hepatocyte lipid uptake to alleviate NAFLD
<p>In recent times, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Increasing evidence supports the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The miR-574-5p has been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism. However, studies on the correlation between miR-574-5p and NAFLD are lacking. Hence, in this study, we wanted to investigate <strong>whether miR-574-5p is associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD</strong>. Through various <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments, we found that miR-574-5p can inhibit lipid accumulation and lipid formation by targeting the HOXC6 3' UTR. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because <strong>this study is the first to show that miR-574-5p is downregulated in liver tissue in </strong><strong>a</strong><strong> mouse NAFLD model</strong>. Further, understanding the miRNAs and their targets that regulate NAFLD may help us better understand the disease and lead to the design of a potential therapeutic against NAFLD in the future.In recent times, the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing worldwide. Increasing evidence supports the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. The miR-574-5p has been shown to be involved in lipid metabolism. However, studies on the correlation between miR-574-5p and NAFLD are lacking. Hence, in this study, we wanted to investigate <strong>whether miR-574-5p is associated with the pathogenesis of NAFLD</strong>. Through various <em>in vivo</em> and <em>in vitro</em> experiments, we found that miR-574-5p can inhibit lipid accumulation and lipid formation by targeting the HOXC6 3' UTR. We believe that our study makes a significant contribution to the literature because <strong>this study is the first to show that miR-574-5p is downregulated in liver tissue in </strong><strong>a</strong><strong> mouse NAFLD model</strong>. Further, understanding the miRNAs and their targets that regulate NAFLD may help us better understand the disease and lead to the design of a potential therapeutic against NAFLD in the future.</p>
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pottoP.LL.S.Miller,1766—SESenegal,SEGuinea,SierraLeone,Liberia,IvoryCoast,andGhana(WVoltaRiver);itspresenceinGambia,Guinea-Bissau,andmostofGuineahasnotyetbeenconfirmed. P.p.jyyuThomas,1910—EbankofVoltaRiverinSEGhanathroughSTogoandSBeninintoSWNigeria. P. p. stockleyi Butynski & de Jong, 2007 — SW Kenya (Mt Kenya). in Lorisidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pottoP.LL.S.Miller,1766—SESenegal,SEGuinea,SierraLeone,Liberia,IvoryCoast,andGhana(WVoltaRiver);itspresenceinGambia,Guinea-Bissau,andmostofGuineahasnotyetbeenconfirmed. P.p.jyyuThomas,1910—EbankofVoltaRiverinSEGhanathroughSTogoandSBeninintoSWNigeria. P. p. stockleyi Butynski & de Jong, 2007 — SW Kenya (Mt Kenya).
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pitheciaLinnaeus,1766—GuianaShieldforestsinEVenezuela(SoftheOrinocoandEofthelowerRioCaroniinthestatesofDeltaAmacuroandBolivar),theGuianas,andNBrazil(EoftheriosNegroandBranco,andintheS—neartheRioAmazonas,E,andNEoftheRioTrombetasinthestatesofRoraima,Amazonas,Para,andAmapa);theiroccurrencefurtherWandSinVenezuelaandintheParqueNacionalCanaimaisunknown. P. p. chrysocephala 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850 — Brazil, N of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, both sides of the lower Rio Negro, E to Faro and the Rio Nhamunda. Amazonian Brazil, N of Rio Amazonas, both sides of the Rio Negro S to near Manacapuru, E to Faro along the Rio Nhamunda. in Phitheciidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pitheciaLinnaeus,1766—GuianaShieldforestsinEVenezuela(SoftheOrinocoandEofthelowerRioCaroniinthestatesofDeltaAmacuroandBolivar),theGuianas,andNBrazil(EoftheriosNegroandBranco,andintheS—neartheRioAmazonas,E,andNEoftheRioTrombetasinthestatesofRoraima,Amazonas,Para,andAmapa);theiroccurrencefurtherWandSinVenezuelaandintheParqueNacionalCanaimaisunknown. P. p. chrysocephala 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1850 — Brazil, N of the Rio Amazonas-Solimoes, both sides of the lower Rio Negro, E to Faro and the Rio Nhamunda. Amazonian Brazil, N of Rio Amazonas, both sides of the Rio Negro S to near Manacapuru, E to Faro along the Rio Nhamunda.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.wrrorataGray,1842—Brazil(fromtheriosJurua-TarauacaEtotheriosTapajos-Juruena,andStotheRioGuaporé),NBolivia(NoftheRioMadredeDios),andSEPeru(fromtheupperRioPurus,WoftheRioUrubamba,andStotheRioTambopata);itdoesnotoccurbetweenthelowerPurusandtheRioJurua,thedomainoftheBuftySaki(P.albicans). P. i. vanzolinii Hershkovitz, 1987 — First described from Santa Cruz on the Rio Eiru (S tributary of the Rio Jurua), and believed to occur between the S (right) bank of the upper Rio Jurua and the S bank of the Rio Tarauaca in the SW of the Amazonas and Acre states, but there are very few documented locations. in Phitheciidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.i.wrrorataGray,1842—Brazil(fromtheriosJurua-TarauacaEtotheriosTapajos-Juruena,andStotheRioGuaporé),NBolivia(NoftheRioMadredeDios),andSEPeru(fromtheupperRioPurus,WoftheRioUrubamba,andStotheRioTambopata);itdoesnotoccurbetweenthelowerPurusandtheRioJurua,thedomainoftheBuftySaki(P.albicans). P. i. vanzolinii Hershkovitz, 1987 — First described from Santa Cruz on the Rio Eiru (S tributary of the Rio Jurua), and believed to occur between the S (right) bank of the upper Rio Jurua and the S bank of the Rio Tarauaca in the SW of the Amazonas and Acre states, but there are very few documented locations.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hypomelasBrandt,1836—mostof Turkmenistan,SEUzbekistan,SWTajikistan,andIran,includingKhargI. P.h.blanfordiJ.Anderson,1878—EIran,Afghanistan,andPakistan. P.h.eversmanniOgnev,1927—EofCaspianSeainSWKazakhstan,WUzbekistan,andNWTurkmenistan. P.h.sabaeusThomas,1922—ArabianPeninsula. P. h. seniculus Thomas, 1922 — Tunb I, Persian Gulf, Iran. in Erinaceidae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.h.hypomelasBrandt,1836—mostof Turkmenistan,SEUzbekistan,SWTajikistan,andIran,includingKhargI. P.h.blanfordiJ.Anderson,1878—EIran,Afghanistan,andPakistan. P.h.eversmanniOgnev,1927—EofCaspianSeainSWKazakhstan,WUzbekistan,andNWTurkmenistan. P.h.sabaeusThomas,1922—ArabianPeninsula. P. h. seniculus Thomas, 1922 — Tunb I, Persian Gulf, Iran.
Subspecies and Distribution. R.p.petersiBocage,1880—SEKenyaandETanzania(EasternArcMtsandcoastalforests). R. p. adersi Dollman, 1912 — Unguja and Mafia Is (Zanzibar Archipelago), off Tanzania. in Macroscelididae
Subspecies and Distribution. R.p.petersiBocage,1880—SEKenyaandETanzania(EasternArcMtsandcoastalforests). R. p. adersi Dollman, 1912 — Unguja and Mafia Is (Zanzibar Archipelago), off Tanzania.
Subspecies and Distribution. P c. carmelitae Thomas, 1898 — New Guinea Central Range, from the Wissel Lakes of Papua, Indonesia, in the W, to mountains of far SE Papua New Guinea in the E. P. c. coccygis Thomas, 1922 — Huon Peninsula Mts, Papua New Guinea. in Phalangeridae
Subspecies and Distribution. P c. carmelitae Thomas, 1898 — New Guinea Central Range, from the Wissel Lakes of Papua, Indonesia, in the W, to mountains of far SE Papua New Guinea in the E. P. c. coccygis Thomas, 1922 — Huon Peninsula Mts, Papua New Guinea.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vestitusMilne-Edwards,1877—Bird's Head(=Vogelkop)Peninsula(ArfakandTamrauMts,1200-2200m). P.v.interpositusStein,1933—WeylandMtsofWCentralRange,perhapsalsoincludingStar(=Jayawijaya)MtspopulationsinthemiddleoftheCentralRange,1400-2000m. P. v. permixtio Menzies & Pernetta, 1986 — E Central Range in Papua New Guinea, 1000-1600 m. in Phalangeridae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vestitusMilne-Edwards,1877—Bird's Head(=Vogelkop)Peninsula(ArfakandTamrauMts,1200-2200m). P.v.interpositusStein,1933—WeylandMtsofWCentralRange,perhapsalsoincludingStar(=Jayawijaya)MtspopulationsinthemiddleoftheCentralRange,1400-2000m. P. v. permixtio Menzies & Pernetta, 1986 — E Central Range in Papua New Guinea, 1000-1600 m.
Subspecies and Distribution. B. p. ogilbyi Waterhouse, 1841 — far SW Western Australia (Dryandra Woodland, Kingston, Perup Nature Reserve, and Tutanning Nature Reserve). Introduced or reintroduced into many sites in Western Australia, South Australia, and New South Wales. in Potoroidae
Subspecies and Distribution. B. p. ogilbyi Waterhouse, 1841 — far SW Western Australia (Dryandra Woodland, Kingston, Perup Nature Reserve, and Tutanning Nature Reserve). Introduced or reintroduced into many sites in Western Australia, South Australia, and New South Wales.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.o.orientalisPallas,1766—W&NNewGuineafromtheBird'sHead(=Vogelkop)PeninsulatotheLaearea,andadjacentislands(Waigeo,Batanta,Salawati,Misool,Yapen,Biak,Supiori,Numfor,SuMios,Karkar,Bagabag,[.ong,andVokeo),alsointheC&SMoluccasandELesserSundas(Seram,Ambon,Buru,Saparua,Gorong,Banda,Kai,andBabarIs),mostlikelyintroducedbyhumansinseveralotherislands(Timor,Wetar,andLet). P. o. breviceps Thomas, 1888 — likely native to New Britain I in the Bismarck Archipelago, but distributed throughout the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Is, apparently mostly by human-mediated introduction (Umboi, Duke of York, New Ireland, Lihir, Tabar, Boang, Manus, Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Alu, Fauro, Mono, Vella Lavella, New Georgia, Ganongga, Gatukai, Rendova, Molakobi, Komachu, Choiseul, Ysabel, Russell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira Is). in Phalangeridae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.o.orientalisPallas,1766—W&NNewGuineafromtheBird'sHead(=Vogelkop)PeninsulatotheLaearea,andadjacentislands(Waigeo,Batanta,Salawati,Misool,Yapen,Biak,Supiori,Numfor,SuMios,Karkar,Bagabag,[.ong,andVokeo),alsointheC&SMoluccasandELesserSundas(Seram,Ambon,Buru,Saparua,Gorong,Banda,Kai,andBabarIs),mostlikelyintroducedbyhumansinseveralotherislands(Timor,Wetar,andLet). P. o. breviceps Thomas, 1888 — likely native to New Britain I in the Bismarck Archipelago, but distributed throughout the Bismarck Archipelago and Solomon Is, apparently mostly by human-mediated introduction (Umboi, Duke of York, New Ireland, Lihir, Tabar, Boang, Manus, Nissan, Buka, Bougainville, Alu, Fauro, Mono, Vella Lavella, New Georgia, Ganongga, Gatukai, Rendova, Molakobi, Komachu, Choiseul, Ysabel, Russell, Guadalcanal, Malaita, and Makira Is).
Distribution. Obi, Bisa, and Obilatu (= Obi-Latoe) Is in the NC Moluccas, Indonesia. Descriptiveor notes. Head-body 36-39 cm, tail 30-33.5 cm; weight 1.1-1.4 kg. The Obi Cuscus is a relatively small cuscus (condylobasal length 65-69 mm). Skull of the Obi Cuscus is similar to that of the Moluccan Cuscus (P. ornatus) and the Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae), and it bears a prominent diastema between incisor and canine but is smaller than those species and has smaller teeth. The Obi Cuscus has two color morphs: orange-brown or gray dorsal fur with dark underfur. Ventral fur is white to yellow. Dark dorsal stripe extends from head to mid-back or rump. in Phalangeridae
Distribution. Obi, Bisa, and Obilatu (= Obi-Latoe) Is in the NC Moluccas, Indonesia. Descriptiveor notes. Head-body 36-39 cm, tail 30-33.5 cm; weight 1.1-1.4 kg. The Obi Cuscus is a relatively small cuscus (condylobasal length 65-69 mm). Skull of the Obi Cuscus is similar to that of the Moluccan Cuscus (P. ornatus) and the Gebe Cuscus (P. alexandrae), and it bears a prominent diastema between incisor and canine but is smaller than those species and has smaller teeth. The Obi Cuscus has two color morphs: orange-brown or gray dorsal fur with dark underfur. Ventral fur is white to yellow. Dark dorsal stripe extends from head to mid-back or rump.
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pelengensisTate,1945—BanggaiArchipelago(PelengI). P. p. mendeni Feiler, 1978 — Sula Is (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana). in Phalangeridae
Subspecies and Distribution. P.p.pelengensisTate,1945—BanggaiArchipelago(PelengI). P. p. mendeni Feiler, 1978 — Sula Is (Taliabu, Seho, Mangole, and Sanana).
Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.paradoxusBrandt,1833—widelydistributedacrossN&EDominicanRepublic. S. p. haitiensis Turvey et al., 2016 — Massif de la Hotte, Haiti; only confirmed to occur E of Pic Macaya near Duchity, although might also occur W ofthis locality near Deux Mammelles. S. p. wood: Ottenwalder, 2001 — Sierra de Baoruco and Barahona Peninsula in S Dominican Republic and adjacent SE Haiti. in Solenodontidae
Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.paradoxusBrandt,1833—widelydistributedacrossN&EDominicanRepublic. S. p. haitiensis Turvey et al., 2016 — Massif de la Hotte, Haiti; only confirmed to occur E of Pic Macaya near Duchity, although might also occur W ofthis locality near Deux Mammelles. S. p. wood: Ottenwalder, 2001 — Sierra de Baoruco and Barahona Peninsula in S Dominican Republic and adjacent SE Haiti.
Nutrient concentrations, loading, and N:P stoichiometry (1983 - 2020) and impacts in Flathead Lake (Montana, USA)
<p><span>Considerable attention is given to absolute nutrient levels in lakes, rivers, and oceans but less is paid to their relative concentrations, their N:P stoichiometry, and to the consequences of imbalanced stoichiometry. Here we report 38 years of nutrient dynamics in Flathead Lake, a large oligotrophic lake in Montana (USA), and its inflows. While nutrient levels were low, the lake had sustained high total N : total P ratios (TN:TP: 60-90:1 molar) throughout the observation period. N and P loading to the lake as well as loading N:P ratio varied considerably among years but showed no systematic long-term trend. Surprisingly, TN:TP ratios in river inflows were consistently lower than in the lake, suggesting that forms of P in riverine loading are removed preferentially to N. In-lake processes, such as differential sedimentation of P relative to N or accumulation of fixed N in excess of denitrification, likely also operate to maintain the lake's high TN:TP ratios. Regardless of causes, the lake's stoichiometric imbalance is manifested in P limitation of phytoplankton growth during early and mid-summer, resulting in high C:P and N:P ratios in suspended particulate matter that propagate P limitation to zooplankton. Finally, the lake's imbalanced N:P stoichiometry appears to raise the potential for aerobic methane production via metabolism of phosphonate compounds by P-limited microbes. These data highlight the importance of not only absolute N and P levels in aquatic ecosystems but also their stoichiometric balance and call attention to potential management implications of high N:P ratios.</span></p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.