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FIGURE 14 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 14. Posterior elytra of Halosydna parva Kinberg, 1856 (Specimen MUSM Nº 4647) with their respective illustration of ornamentation distribution. A) 16th right elytron; B) 17th right elytron; C) 18th right elytron. Scale bars: A–C) 1 mm.

FIGURE 15 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 15. Distinct degrees of development of conical macrotubercles (arrows) in Halosydna parva Kinberg, 1856 (specimen MUSM Nº 4648b). A–B) 3rd pair of elytra; C–D) 16th pair of elytra; E–F) 18th pair of elytra. Scale bars: 40 µm.

FIGURE 11 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 11. Elytral ornamentations of Halosydna parva Kinberg, 1856 (Specimen MUSM Nº 4647). A) Conical microtubercles with swollen, wrinkled, bifid tips (arrows); B) Conical macrotubercles with wrinkled tips; C) Same, with wide internal concavities (arrows); D) Truncate microtubercles; E) Rounded papillae with narrow bases (arrows); F) Flattened microtubercles (arrows). Illustration of ornamentations and designation of symbols. G) Conical microtubercles with swollen, wrinkled, bifid tips as green circles; H) Conical macrotubercles with narrow and wide internal concavities as red circles; I) Truncate microtubercles as blue circles; (J) Rounded papillae with narrow bases as black tiny circles; K) Flattened microtubercles as yellow circles. Scale bars: 20 µm.

FIGURE 7 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 7. Posterior elytra of Lepidonotus aff. crosslandi peruana Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 (specimen MUSM Nº 4590) with their respective illustration of ornamentation distribution. A) 10th right elytron; B) 11th right elytron; C) 12th right elytron. Scale bars: A–C) 1 mm.

FIGURE 8 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 8. Pharynx and jaws of Lepidonotus aff. crosslandi peruana Hartmann-Schröder, 1962. A) Frontal view of pharynx. B) Dorsal jaws seen from the pharyngeal lumen. C) Ventral jaws seen from the pharyngeal lumen. Scale bars: A) 1 mm; B–C) 400 µm.

FIGURE 3 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 3. Lepidonotus aff. crosslandi peruana Hartmann-Schröder, 1962. A) Dorsal view of the body with elytra (specimen MUSM Nº 4591a); B) Dorsal view of the body, without elytra (specimen MUSM Nº 4590); C) Anterior region of specimen MUSM Nº 4590. Scale bars: A–B) 5mm; C) 1 mm.

FIGURE 4 in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 4. Parapodia, notochaetae and neurochaetae of Lepidonotus aff. crosslandi peruana Hartmann-Schröder, 1962 (specimen MUSM Nº 4590). A) 2nd left parapodium; B) 3rd left parapodium; C) 13th left parapodium; D) Superior notochaeta; E) Inferior notochaeta; F) Superior neurochaeta from the 2nd left parapodium; G) Inferior neurochaeta from the 2nd left parapodium; H) Superior neurochaeta from the 3rd left parapodium; I) Inferior neurochaeta from the 3rd left parapodium; J) Superior neurochaeta from the 13th left parapodium; K) Inferior neurochaeta from the 13th left parapodium. Scale bars: A–C) 1 mm; D–K) 20 µm.

FIGURE 9. Halosydna parva Kinberg, 1856. A in Scale-bearing beauty: Intertidal scale-worms (Polychaeta: Polynoidae) from Punta Blanca (Arequipa, Peru)

FIGURE 9. Halosydna parva Kinberg, 1856. A) Dorsal view of specimen MUSM Nº 4647 after elytra detachment; B) Dorsal view of specimen MUSM Nº 4648b; C) Prostomium of specimen MUSM Nº 4647. Scale bars: A–B) 5 mm; C) 1 mm.

Data from: Monitoring soil moisture at the catchment scale – A novel approach combining antecedent precipitation index and radar-derived rainfall data

Knowledge about soil moisture is important for event-based rainfall-runoff models but monitoring conditions at the catchment scale is not a trivial task. Soil moisture is highly variable in space and time, particularly in dry climates with seasonal and spatially heterogeneous rainfall. Point measurements are difficult to upscale, and remotely sensed (RS) data often lack in spatial or temporal resolution for local or regional studies. Longer latency periods – the time required before data becomes available – of some RS data make them less applicable to time-sensitive analyses such as flash flood forecasting. This study evaluated a novel approach for estimating catchment-scale volumetric soil moisture using an antecedent precipitation index (API) -based model. The model was trained and tested using in-situ soil moisture measurements collected during a 3-month field sampling campaign in a 142 km2 study area in central New Mexico. The calibrated model was applied at the catchment scale to produce soil moisture grids from radar-derived rainfall estimates. Model performance, resolution and latency were compared to satellite-based soil moisture estimates. Benefits of the proposed new method include high spatial resolution (1 × 1 km or less depending on the precipitation data source) and high prediction accuracy (root mean square errors 0.014–0.018 m3/m3). Given the short latency period for radar-derived rainfall data, the method has potential for use in operational flood risk assessment and forecasting.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Milestone 2 hBN/SLG device fabrication at the wafer scale

The growth at the wafer-scale h-BN was obtained in Deliverable 1.3. We then transferred SLG ontop of hBN films to test whether the hBN provided an enhancement in graphene's mobility. This milestone reports the fabrication and characterization of Hall Bar devices with single layer graphene (SLG) and hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterostructures at the 4’’/100mm wafer level.

Fine-scale habitat selection limits trade-offs between foraging and temperature in a grassland bird

Many species are frequently faced with the decision about how to balance the use of thermal refuge against access to food resources. We evaluated the habitat use of female greater prairie-chickens (Tympanuchus cupido) to assess the potential for trade-offs between thermal conditions and food resources during the habitat selection process. Our objectives were to 1) compare near-ground temperatures, invertebrate availability, and vegetation characteristics at sites used by greater prairie-chickens to conditions at random landscape locations in various time since fire patches and 2) assess changes in conditions at used sites throughout the day to determine if selection for resources changes relative to ambient conditions resulting in trade-offs between foraging sites and thermal refuge. We found that greater prairie-chickens primarily used patches 0-12 months post fire that had relatively high abundances and biomasses of invertebrates compared to the landscape. Greater prairie-chickens further modified their selection at relatively fine spatial scales within these food-rich patches to select for areas with cooler temperatures during the hottest part of the day. The use of thermal refuge did not appear to influence access to food resources as invertebrate abundance and biomass at used sites were consistent throughout the day. Our results show that food resources and thermal cover influences habitat selection for greater prairie-chickens, but there was little evidence for trade-offs during the habitat selection process. Consideration of spatial and temporal scales is critical for evaluating trade-offs in habitat selection for animals and this research provides insights into the decision-making process by prairie-chickens.

FIGURE 1 in Biruta Rasiņa's collection of scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha Coccomorpha) at the Latvian National Museum of Natural History, including type material of several species

FIGURE 1. The sample box with microscope slides, originally sent from China to Leningrad to Nikolai Borchsenius; later, Borchsenius himself gave this box to Biruta Rasiņa. Currently, some of the type material of the taxa described by Biruta Rasiņa are stored in this box.

Large‐scale genome sampling reveals unique immunity and metabolic adaptations in bats

Comprising more than 1,400 species, bats possess adaptations unique among mammals including powered flight, unexpected longevity given small body size, and extraordinary immunity. Some of the molecular mechanisms underlying these unique adaptations includes DNA repair, metabolism and immunity. However, analyses have been limited to a few divergent lineages, reducing the scope of inferences on gene family evolution across the Order Chiroptera. We conducted an exhaustive comparative genomic study of 37 bat species encompassing a large number of lineages, with a particular emphasis on multi-gene family evolution across immune system and metabolic genes. Genomes were obtained from public repositories and one genome (Phyllostomus hastatus) was assembled de novo. In agreement with previous analyses, we found lineage-specific expansions of the APOBEC3 and MHC-I gene families, and loss of the proinflammatory PYHIN gene family. We inferred more than 1,000 gene losses unique to bats, including genes involved in the regulation of inflammasome pathways such as epithelial defense receptors, the natural killer gene complex and the interferon-gamma induced pathway. Gene set enrichment analyses revealed genes lost in bats are involved in defense response against pathogen-associated molecular patterns and damage-associated molecular patterns. Gene family evolution and selection analyses indicate bats have evolved fundamental functional differences compared to other mammals in both innate and adaptive immune system, with the potential to enhance anti-viral immune response while dampening inflammatory signaling. In addition, metabolic genes have experienced repeated expansions related to convergent shifts to plant-based diets. Our analyses support the hypothesis that, in tandem with flight, ancestral bats had evolved a unique set of immune adaptations whose functional implications remain to be explored.

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

From pore scale to reservoir scale: Quality evaluation of pore structures and the unconventional reservoirs

This file contains the 2D image analysis data, the analysis data of 3D mercury intrusion of each type of pore structure facies, and the calculation source of the sweet spot index of the reservoir, and the sedimentary facies map of the Liushagang Formation in the Weixinan Depression, South China Sea. This data set is a supplement information to the paper "From pore scale to reservoir scale: Quality evaluation of pore structures and the unconventional reservoirs"(Submitted).

Figure 28. Tetrapod scales from the Hiemstra Quarry. A in The postcranial anatomy of Whatcheeria deltae and its implications for the family Whatcheeriidae

Figure 28. Tetrapod scales from the Hiemstra Quarry. A, FMNH PR 5014, tetrapod gastralia; B, FMNH PR 1705, tetrapod gastralia; C, interpretive drawing of scale from FMNH PR 1700.

Figure 2 in Repeated colonization of caves leads to phenotypic convergence in catfishes (Siluriformes: Trichomycterus) at a small geographical scale

Figure 2. Morphological variability of some species of Trichomycterus included in this study. Lateral and dorsal view of the same individual from cave localities (designated with letter C) and surface streams (designated with letter S). Sc = Coca, Guadalupe; Su = Uchuval, Zapatoca; Cb = El Berraco, Guadalupe; Cv = La Vaca, Curití; Cg = Ojo de Agua, Guapotá; Cal = La Alsacia, Zapatoca. Bar indicates 1 cm.

Figure 1 in Repeated colonization of caves leads to phenotypic convergence in catfishes (Siluriformes: Trichomycterus) at a small geographical scale

Figure 1. Type localities of cave species of Trichomycterus in the Neotropical region (top left), a photograph showing an example of habitats occupied by fishes in this system (Las Sardinas Cave, the type locality of T. rosablanca; photo by Felipe Villegas) and map of the Department of Santander showing the collection sites of specimens of Trichomycterus analysd in this study (bottom). Triangles correspond to caves, circles to surface streams. Orange triangles correspond to cave localities where fishes show reduced eyes and coloration, and blue triangles to caves where fishes have regular eyes and coloration. Cave localities are designated with letter C and surface streams with the letter S. The type localities of cave species T. rosablanca (Cs) and T. sandovali (Cal) are indicated with asterisks. Photograph (El Peñón, Santander) by Felipe Villegas-Instituto Humboldt.

Fine-scale variation within urban landscapes affects marking patterns and gastrointestinal parasite diversity in red foxes

<ol> <li>Urban areas are often considered to be a hostile environment for wildlife as they are highly fragmented and frequently disturbed. However, these same habitats can contain abundant resources, while lacking many common competitors and predators. The urban environment can have a direct impact on the species living there but can also have indirect effects on their parasites and pathogens. To date, relatively few studies have measured how fine-scale spatial heterogeneity within urban landscapes can affect parasite transmission and persistence.</li> <li>Here we surveyed 237 greenspaces across the urban environment of Edinburgh (UK) to investigate how fine-scale variation in socio-economic and ecological variables can affect red fox (Vulpes vulpes) marking behaviour, gastrointestinal (GI) parasite prevalence and parasite community diversity,</li> <li>We found that the presence and abundance of red fox faecal markings was non-uniformly distributed across greenspaces, and instead was dependent on the ecological characteristics of a site. Specifically, common foraging areas were left largely unmarked, which indicates that suitable resting and denning sites may be limiting factor in urban environments. In addition, the amount of greenspace around each site was positively correlated with overall GI parasite prevalence, species richness and diversity, highlighting the importance of greenspace (a commonly used measure of landscape connectivity) in determining the composition of the parasite community in urban areas.</li> <li>Our results suggest that fine scale variation within urban environments can be important for understanding the ecology of infectious diseases in urban wildlife and could have wider implication for the management of urban carnivores.</li> </ol>

opencc-by-4.0Sep 2021View details →

Deploying Near Optimal Delay Constrained Paths with Segment-Routing in Massive Scale Networks

Dataset consisting of 5 large topologies used for the evaluation of Best2cop - multi-area version.  The topologies themselves are written as a list of edges following the format :  source target delay cost area  "cost" being the IGP cost of the link, and "area", the IGP area to which the edge belongs. Each topology has a descriptive file showcasing some of the network's properties (density, diameter...) as well as an HTML file allowing to see the topology on an actual world map. Note that while we consider the road infrastructure, the links are represented in an abstract fashion for readability purposes.