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Morphological and isotope data on three passerines in Taiwan

<div class="WordSection1"> The niche variation hypothesis (NVH) predicts that populations with wider niches exhibit greater morphological variation through increased inter-individual differences in both niche and morphology. In this study, we examined niche-trait relationships in three passerine species (Cyanoderma ruficeps, Sinosuthora webbiana, Zosterops simplex). A total of 289 C. ruficeps from 7 sites, 259 S. webbiana from 8 sites, and 144 Z. simplex from 6 sites were sampled along an elevation gradient (0-2,700 m) in Taiwan from 2009 to 2017. We measured bill traits (length, width and depth of bill) and body-size traits (length of head, tarsus and wing) of the birds, which were reduced to four principal components (bill PC1, bill PC2, body-size PC1, body-size PC2). We collected feather tissues for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses to quantify their isotope niche. We quantified inter-individual differences in isotope space and trait space with four diversity metrics (divergence, dispersion, evenness, uniqueness), and tested whether inter-individual differences in isotope space and trait space are positively associated. We quantified population isotope niche width by Bayesian ellipse area, and population morphological variation by variances of the PCs. The results showed that individual uniqueness in isotope niche and bill morphology (average closeness of individuals within the population isotope/trait space) were positively associated across three species. Furthermore, isotope niche width and bill PC1 (reflecting the size of bill) variation at population level were also positively associated across the three species, supporting the NVH. Of the three species, C. ruficeps and S. webbiana showed stronger support for the NVH than Z. simplex, possibly due to the latter having narrower elevational distribution and a more specialized, plant-based diet. The diversity metrics represented different aspects of inter-individual differences in niche/trait space, and for the passerines, individual uniqueness appeared to play an important role in their niche-trait dynamics. </div>

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2020View details →

Fig. 1 in Mining Flies Of The Subfamily Agromyzinae (Diptera, Agromyzidae) Of Ukrainian Transcarpathia, With The Description Of Three New Species

Fig. 1. Collecting sites in Transcarpathia of Ukraine.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2017View details →

T a b l e 4 in Molecular Characterization Of Lates Niloticus (Perciformes, Latidae) Populations From Three Nigerian Waterbodies Using Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna And Microsatellite Markers

T a b l e 4. Microsatellites results

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2016View details →

Fig. 2 in Three New Unusual Beetle-Associated Species Of The Genus Gaeolaelaps (Acari, Mesostigmata, Laelapidae) From Ukraine

Fig. 2. Gaeolaelaps heteroceri Trach, sp. n., ♀: 1–4 — legs I–IV, respectively.

Data and code from: Multiple sex chromosome drivers in a mammal with three sex chromosomes

Eukaryotes with separate males and females display a great diversity in the way they determine sex, but it is still unclear what evolutionary forces cause transitions between sex-determining systems. Rather that the lack of hypotheses, the problem is the scarcity of adequate biological systems to test them. Here, we take advantage of the recent evolution of a feminizing X chromosome (called X*) in the African pygmy mouse Mus minutoides, to investigate one of the evolutionary forces hypothesized to cause such transitions, namely sex chromosome drive (i.e., biased transmission of sex chromosomes to the next generation). Through extensive molecular sexing of pups at weaning, we reveal the existence of a remarkable male sex chromosome drive system in this species, whereby direction and strength of drive is conditional upon the genotype of males' partners: males transmit their Y at a rate close to 80% when mating with XX or XX* females, and only 36% when mating with X*Y females. Using mathematical modelling, we explore the joint evolution of these unusual sex-determining and drive systems, revealing that different sequences of events could have led to the evolution of this bizarre system, and that the "conditional" nature of sex chromosome drive plays a crucial role in the short- and long-term maintenance of the three sex chromosomes.

Environmental variation in sex ratios and sexual dimorphism in three wind-pollinated dioecious plant species

Variation in plant sex ratios is often attributable to sex-specific mortality in heterogeneous environments that differentially limit male and female plant reproduction. Yet sexual dimorphism and plastic responses to environmental heterogeneity are common and may co-vary with variation in sex ratios. Here, we show that the sex ratio and the degree of sexual dimorphism for a number of plant traits varied along climatic and elevation gradients in three wind-pollinated dioecious species, Rumex lunaria, Urtica dioica and Salix helvetica. Some of the observed sex-specific responses to climatic variation are consistent with greater sensitivity of females to water scarcity, but most responses rather point to the greater sensitivity of males to ecological stress, consistent with larger male reproductive effort, as has been commonly reported for wind-pollinated plants. In contrast, we found no evidence for variation in either sex ratios or sexual dimorphism expected under sexual selection. Interestingly, sex ratios and sexual dimorphism varied both along distinct and the same ecological axes of variation, suggesting that the evolution of sexual dimorphism in the measured traits was not sufficient to prevent sex-specific mortality.

Species interactions in three Lemnaceae species growing along a gradient of zinc pollution

We tested whether the presence of a second species influenced the growth rate of the three duckweed species Lemna minor, Lemna gibba, and Lemna turionifera. We used four different Zn concentrations in a replicated microcosm experiment under sterile conditions, either growing the species in isolation or in a 2-species mixture. The cultures were kept in an incubator 20 °C with a light regime of 16/8h light/dark for 17 days. There is one data set with the number of fronds (individuals) counted over 8 times over a period of 17 days. The metadata is contained in the data file.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Shallow three-dimensional shear wave velocity model of Volcán de Colima

Velocity model presented in the paper: De Plaen, R.S.M., Mordret, A., Arámbula-Mendoza, R., Vargas-Bracamontes, D., Márquez-Ramírez, V.H., Lecocq, T., Ramírez Vázquez, C.A., González Amezcua, M. The shallow three-dimensional structure of Volcán de Colima revealed by ambient seismic noise tomography Please cite the paper above when using this VS model. Description: <ul> <li>Colima_ANT_VSmodel.mat: Shallow 3D VS model of Volcán de Colima along with the corresponding velocity anomaly, error, and radial anisotropy. This version of the model has no vertical smoothing and no topographic correction.</li> <li>Colima_AverageVSmodel.csv: Simple 1D VS model averaging over the entire study area.</li> <li>Colima_CraterVSmodel.csv: Simple 1D VS model under the crater of Volcán de Colima.</li> <li>3d plot.ipynb: Small jupyter notebook (in python) to plot, and understand the structure of the VS model.</li> </ul>

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Datasets for article "Transient behavior of three SU UMa-type dwarf novae; AR Pic, QW Ser and V521 Peg"

Datasets for the article "Transient behavior of three SU UMa-type dwarf novae; AR Pic, QW Ser and V521 Peg"

opencc-by-4.0Apr 2022View details →

Training and validation datasets for "Three-Dimensional Implicit Structural Modeling Using Convolutional Neural Network"

This is training and validation datasets used in manuscript "Three-Dimensional Implicit Structural Modeling Using Convolutional Neural Network". In this manuscript, we propose an efficient deep learning method using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN)  to predict a scalar field from sparse structural data associated with multiple distinct stratigraphic layers and faults. The CNN architecture is beneficial for the flexible incorporation of empirical geological knowledge when trained with numerous and realistic structural models that are automatically generated from a data simulation workflow. It also presents an expressive characteristic of integrating various types of structural constraints by optimally minimizing a hybrid loss function to compare predicted and reference structural models, opening new opportunities for further improving geological modeling.

Fig 17 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)

Fig 17. Distribution of Carrhotus spp. of Sri Lanka.

Towards accurate quantification of ice content in permafrost of the Central Andes, part I: geophysics-based estimates from three different regions

This data set contains two zip-files for a) the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data, and b) the refraction seismic tomography (RST) data used in Hilbich, C., Hauck, C., Mollaret, C., Wainstein, P., and Arenson, L. U.: Towards accurate quantification of ice content in permafrost of the Central Andes, part I: geophysics-based estimates from three different regions. The Cryosphere, 16, 1–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-16-1845-2022.   1) Files included in allERT_Zenodo.zip: (i) all ERT raw data files used in the paper, (ii) Topo_allERT.xlsx --> with the topography data of all profiles (iii) readme_ERT_files.txt --> with further explanations   2) Files included in allRST_Zenodo.zip: (i) all RST raw data files used in the paper, (ii) Topo_xxx.txt with the topography data of each profile (iii) readme_RST_files.txt -->  with further explanations   Please consult the readme files first.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Territory-level temperature influences breeding phenology and reproductive output in three forest passerine birds

Temperature plays an important role in determining the breeding phenology of birds in temperate climates, with higher spring temperatures associated with earlier breeding. However, the effect of localised territory-scale temperature variations is poorly understood, with relationships between temperature and breeding phenology mostly studied using coarse-grained climatic indices. Here, we interpolate spring temperatures recorded at 150 m2 grid intersections encompassing 417 ha of forest to examine the influence of territory-scale temperature, and its interaction with mean annual temperature, on territory selection, breeding phenology, clutch size and fledging success for three co-occurring single-brooded passerine birds using data from 672 nests over four years. All species exhibited significant trends in reproductive traits associated with territory-scale temperature. Pied flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca settled in cooler territories first, where they raised more fledglings. Blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus laid larger clutches in warmer territories in warm years and always laid earlier at warmer territories irrespective of annual temperature variation. Contrastingly, pied flycatcher and wood warbler Phylloscopus sibilatrix breeding phenology was earlier at warmer territories in cool years and cooler territories in warm years, with wood warbler clutch size responding similarly to this interaction. Greater previous breeding experience and increased higher rates of historical territory occupancy (territory quality) also predicted earlier breeding phenology and higher fledging success for pied flycatchers. We suggest that the migratory pied flycatcher and wood warbler are best synchronised with their prey availability in cooler years at a local population level. However resident blue tits match local phenology across all years, which is potentially advantageous under warmer predicted climate change scenarios. We conclude that temperature at the territory scale can be an important driver of settlement and breeding phenology and influence reproductive traits.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Mesocosm experiments reveal the loss of migratory tendencies in a recently isolated population of three-spined sticklebacks

In the 1970s, water management in the Netherlands resulted in numerous isolated populations of three-spined sticklebacks, which can no longer migrate from freshwater to the sea. We tested whether ~50 years of isolation resulted in reduced migratory tendencies in these resident sticklebacks. Lab-based individual testing showed behavioural divergence between residents and migrants, but also produced counter-intuitive results, especially with regards to movement tendencies. To detect differences in migration tendencies, we set up a semi-natural mesocosm, consisting of connected ponds, where movements of numerous individuals could continually be tracked at larger spatial scales. We found that wild-caught residents and migrants exhibited no differences in movement tendencies within ponds, but residents moved significantly less between ponds than migrants. Between-pond movements were consistent and the observed differences were robust across contexts (changes in water flow and group size). Our study reveals that larger-scale movement tendencies can diverge over short time scales in response to human-induced isolation, and highlights the importance of observing behaviour in ecologically relevant setups that bridge the gap between lab and field studies.

openother-openMay 2022View details →

wudalist/allmydata: Three-day precipitation data

We have radar echo data in Yinchuan, Ningxia for 2018 and 2019, which is collected every six minutes. Due to the infrequent occurrence of precipitation, radar echo data from 84 rainy days were selected to form our dataset. We first processed the original data with noise reduction, and then used a sliding window of length 20 to evenly divide the training and test sets in a 4:1 ratio. The details of how the dataset was produced are clearly described in the paper. precipitation is the final dataset. Due to the size of the original dataset, only three days of the radar echo precipitation data are provided here for testing purposes.

FIG. 8 in Gaming and divination pieces, markers of ownership, or all three? Zooarchaeology and the interpretation of knuckle bones found in tombs of the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado (Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, Murcia, Spain)

FIG. 8. — Knuckle bones found in Tomb 116. Scale bar: 2 cm. Photo credit: J. Gómez Carrasco.

FIG. 7 in Gaming and divination pieces, markers of ownership, or all three? Zooarchaeology and the interpretation of knuckle bones found in tombs of the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado (Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, Murcia, Spain)

FIG. 7. — Knuckle bones found in Tomb 70. Scale bar: 2 cm. Photo credit: J. Gómez Carrasco.

FIG. 5. — Tomb 46 in Gaming and divination pieces, markers of ownership, or all three? Zooarchaeology and the interpretation of knuckle bones found in tombs of the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado (Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, Murcia, Spain)

FIG. 5. — Tomb 46, perforated knuckle bone. Scale bar: 1 cm. Photo credit: P. Thomas.

FIG. 2 in Gaming and divination pieces, markers of ownership, or all three? Zooarchaeology and the interpretation of knuckle bones found in tombs of the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado (Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, Murcia, Spain)

FIG. 2. — View of the Coimbra del Barranco Ancho site. Photo credit:J. M. García Cano.

FIG. 1 in Gaming and divination pieces, markers of ownership, or all three? Zooarchaeology and the interpretation of knuckle bones found in tombs of the Iberian necropolis of El Poblado (Coimbra del Barranco Ancho, Murcia, Spain)

FIG. 1. — Location of the Coimbra del Barranco Ancho site.