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15,277 results for “GENETICS”
Positive genetic covariance and limited thermal tolerance constrain tropical insect responses to global warming
<p>Tropical ectotherms are particularly vulnerable to global warming because their physiologies are assumed to be adapted to narrow temperature ranges. This study explores three mechanisms potentially constraining thermal adaptation to global warming in tropical insects: 1. tradeoffs in genotypic performance at different temperatures (the jack-of-all-trades hypothesis) 2. positive genetic covariance in performance, with some genotypes performing better than others at viable temperatures (the 'winner and 'loser genotypes hypothesis) or 3. limited genetic variation as the potential result of relaxed selection and the loss of genes associated with responses to extreme temperatures (the gene decay hypothesis). We estimated changes in growth and survival rates at multiple temperatures for three tropical rain forest insect herbivores (<i>Cephaloleia</i> rolled-leaf beetles, Chrysomelidae). We reared 2746 individuals in a full-sibling experimental design, at temperatures known to be experienced by this genus of beetles in nature (<i>i.e.</i>, 10-35°C). Significant genetic covariance was positive for 16 traits, supporting the 'winner and 'loser genotypes hypothesis. Only two traits displayed negative cross-temperature performance correlations. We detected a substantial contribution of genetic variance in traits associated with size and mass (0-44%), but low heritability in plastic traits such as development time (0-6%) or survival (0-4%). Lowland insect populations will most likely decline if current temperatures increase beyond 2°C. It is concerning that local adaption is already lagging behind current temperatures. The consequences of maintaining the current global warming trajectory would be devastating for tropical insects. However, if humans can limit or slow warming, many tropical ectotherms might persist in their current locations, and potentially adapt to warmer temperatures.</p>
Figure 12 in Songs, genetics, and morphology: revealing the taxonomic units in the European Cicadetta cerdaniensis cicada group, with a description of new taxa (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)
Figure 12. Duration of syllables measured at short echemes of phrase 3 in Cicadetta sibillae sp. nov. (◆, continuous line), Cicadetta anapaistica lucana ssp. nov. (□, dotted line), and Cicadetta anapaistica anapaistica (○, broken line): A, dependency on temperature, with linear regression trend lines and standard errors (grey areas); B, visualization of the disruption between the two species along the geographical latitude after controlling for temperature (residuals from the global temperature/time trend line).
Fig. 6. Maximum entropy models for A in Weak Genetic Differentiation among Populations of the Andean Ground Beetle Pelmatellus columbianus (Reiche, 1843) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 6. Maximum entropy models for A) the past (21,000 years) and B) present distribution of Pelmatellus columbianus, using five bioclimatic variables. Maps show the limit of the montane forest (above 2,450 m) in green and páramo (above 3,000 m) in light brown.
Fig. 5 in Weak Genetic Differentiation among Populations of the Andean Ground Beetle Pelmatellus columbianus (Reiche, 1843) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 5. Timing of the Pelmatellus columbianus clade lineage based on an uncorrelated relaxed molecular clock for a combined gene dataset.
Fig. 4. Fifty percent majority rule trees using Maximum Likelihood. A in Weak Genetic Differentiation among Populations of the Andean Ground Beetle Pelmatellus columbianus (Reiche, 1843) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 4. Fifty percent majority rule trees using Maximum Likelihood. A) COI, B) CAD. Bootstrap support shown above the branches.
Fig. 1 in Weak Genetic Differentiation among Populations of the Andean Ground Beetle Pelmatellus columbianus (Reiche, 1843) (Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Fig. 1. Habitat of Pelmatellus columbianus: A) Shrub páramo at Cashca Totoras, Province of Bol´ıvar; B) Grass
Figure 22 in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 22. Phylogenetic tree obtained from the Bayesian analysis of the combined molecular data set. Posterior probabilities> 0.75 as well as Bootstrap support values> 50% from the parsimony analysis are indicated at the nodes. The collection sites are given in brackets after the name of the specimens: AK, Alaska; AL, Alabama; CA, California; CN, China; IA, Iowa; IL, Illinois; NL, the Netherlands; SE, Sweden; UK, United Kingdom; green background, North American specimens; pink background, Chinese specimen; white background, European specimens. Vertical lines indicate morphotypes.
Figure 18. Morphotype F in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 18. Morphotype F, CE2899, Nais barbata. A, anterior ventral, segment II; B, anterior and posterior ventral, segments V–VI; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 21. Morphotype G in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 21. Morphotype G, CE1184, Nais christinae. A, anterior ventral, segment III; B, posterior ventral, segment XI; C, dorsal. Scale bar: 3 Mm.
Figure 13. Morphotype C in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 13. Morphotype C, CE1147, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment III; B, posterior ventral, segment VIII; C, dorsal. Scale bar: 3 Mm.
Figure 10. Morphotype B in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 10. Morphotype B, CE1129, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment III; B, posterior ventral, segment XIV; C, dorsal. Scale bar: 3 Mm.
Figure 14. Morphotype D in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 14. Morphotype D, CE3498 (A, B) and CE1955 (C), Nais elinguis. A, anterior ventral, segment IV; B, posterior ventral, segment IX; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 8. Morphotype A4 in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 8. Morphotype A4, CE2049, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment III; B, posterior ventral, segment XVI; C, dorsal. Scale bar: 3 Mm.
Figure 6. Morphotype A3 in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 6. Morphotype A3, CE3492, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment V; B, posterior ventral, segment IX; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 9. Morphotype A4 in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 9. Morphotype A4, CE2912, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment IV; B, posterior ventral, segment VIII; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 17. Morphotype E in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 17. Morphotype E, CE4100, Nais stolci. A, anterior ventral, segment IV; B, posterior ventral, segment unknown; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 5. Morphotype A2 in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 5. Morphotype A2, CE3787, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment III; B, posterior ventral, segment VII; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 12. Morphotype C in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 12. Morphotype C, CE1146, Nais communis/variabilis. A, anterior ventral, segment II; B, posterior ventral, segment VII; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
Figure 24 in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 24. Phylogenetic tree obtained from the Bayesian analysis of COI. Posterior probabilities> 0.75 as well as Bootstrap support values> 50% from the parsimony analysis are indicated at the nodes. Collection sites are given in brackets after the name of the specimens: AK, Alaska; AL, Alabama; CA, California; CN, China; IA, Iowa; IL, Illinois; NL, the Netherlands; SE, Sweden; UK, United Kingdom; green background, North American specimens; pink background, Chinese specimen; white background, European specimens. Vertical lines indicate morphotypes.
Figure 16. Morphotype E in Genetic and chaetal variation in Nais worms (Annelida, Clitellata, Naididae)
Figure 16. Morphotype E, CE3762, Nais stolci. A, anterior ventral, segment IV; B, posterior ventral, segment VIII; C, dorsal. Scale bars: 3 Mm.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.