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Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds of Pazliopsis reyi (a–c) and Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov. (d–j). a) Seed in lateral view showing poorly preserved remains of fruit wall and rough surface of the exotesta; b) Section through the wall of a broken seed showing palisade cells of the exotesta; c) Seed surface showing sunken very deeply sinuous outlines of the exotesta cells; d–f, h, i) Seeds in lateral view (holotype figured in d) showing the pointed micropylar-hilar area, the rounded chalazal end, the smooth surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines, and the distinct course of the raphe; g) Surface of the exotesta showing the distinctive cell outlines formed by the sinuous anticlinal walls of the palisade cells; j) Apical view of seed showing the prominent operculum. Specimens, TV43-S171534 (a), TV44-S136683 (b), TV43-S136745 (c), TV43-S136740 (holotype; d), TV43-S136746 (e), TV43-S136739 (f), TV43-S170083 (g), TV S136743 (h), TV43-S136742 (i), TV38-S174608 (j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d–f, h, i), 50 Μm (j), 30 Μm (c, g). in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 15. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds of Pazliopsis reyi (a–c) and Anaspermum operculatum gen. et sp. nov. (d–j). a) Seed in lateral view showing poorly preserved remains of fruit wall and rough surface of the exotesta; b) Section through the wall of a broken seed showing palisade cells of the exotesta; c) Seed surface showing sunken very deeply sinuous outlines of the exotesta cells; d–f, h, i) Seeds in lateral view (holotype figured in d) showing the pointed micropylar-hilar area, the rounded chalazal end, the smooth surface of the exotesta composed of cells with sinuous cell outlines, and the distinct course of the raphe; g) Surface of the exotesta showing the distinctive cell outlines formed by the sinuous anticlinal walls of the palisade cells; j) Apical view of seed showing the prominent operculum. Specimens, TV43-S171534 (a), TV44-S136683 (b), TV43-S136745 (c), TV43-S136740 (holotype; d), TV43-S136746 (e), TV43-S136739 (f), TV43-S170083 (g), TV S136743 (h), TV43-S136742 (i), TV38-S174608 (j). Scale bars 300 Μm (a, b, d–f, h, i), 50 Μm (j), 30 Μm (c, g).
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a fruit of Canrightia elongata sp. nov. (a–g) and isolated Canrightia-like seeds (h–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Holotype; fruit in lateral view showing four fused tepals at the base (c, upper arrowheads) and prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by scattered oil bodies and possible subtending bract (c, lower arrowhead); d) Transverse section (SRXTM orthoslice xy1510) through the fruit showing three locules, one with the remains of the endothelium (top left, 1), the other two (2, 3) with remains of presumed endosperm tissue; note that the locule to the right (3) is crushed; e, f) Radial longitudinal (e; SRXTM orthoslice xz1212) in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 17. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and synchrotron radiation X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM) images of a fruit of Canrightia elongata sp. nov. (a–g) and isolated Canrightia-like seeds (h–j); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a–c) Holotype; fruit in lateral view showing four fused tepals at the base (c, upper arrowheads) and prominent cavities in the fruit wall formed by scattered oil bodies and possible subtending bract (c, lower arrowhead); d) Transverse section (SRXTM orthoslice xy1510) through the fruit showing three locules, one with the remains of the endothelium (top left, 1), the other two (2, 3) with remains of presumed endosperm tissue; note that the locule to the right (3) is crushed; e, f) Radial longitudinal (e; SRXTM orthoslice xz1212)
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds assigned to the BEG group (a–d) and associated pollen grains (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Seed of Tomcatia taylorii showing the four horns formed by extensions of the envelope and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds to the micropylar tube; b, c) Seeds of Quadrispermum parvum in lateral (b) and apical (c) views showing the transverse ribs and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds the micropylar tube; d–f) Seeds of Ephedrispermum lusitanicum showing the four-angled seed envelope (d), the micropylar tube surrounded by the tissues of the integument (e), and ephedroid pollen grains on the seed surface (f); g) Apex of seed of Quadrispermum parvum showing simple in The Early Cretaceous Mesofossil Flora Of Torres Vedras (Ne Of Forte Da Forca), Portugal: A Palaeofloristic Analysis Of An Early Angiosperm Community
Text-fig. 11. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of seeds assigned to the BEG group (a–d) and associated pollen grains (e–i); Torres Vedras locality, Portugal. a) Seed of Tomcatia taylorii showing the four horns formed by extensions of the envelope and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds to the micropylar tube; b, c) Seeds of Quadrispermum parvum in lateral (b) and apical (c) views showing the transverse ribs and the central projection of the envelope that surrounds the micropylar tube; d–f) Seeds of Ephedrispermum lusitanicum showing the four-angled seed envelope (d), the micropylar tube surrounded by the tissues of the integument (e), and ephedroid pollen grains on the seed surface (f); g) Apex of seed of Quadrispermum parvum showing simple
Text-fig. 3. Stratigraphic section through part of the Ashawq Formation at the Omanitherium type locality, Dhofar Governorate, Oman. Beds A–D are indurated cliff-forming strata identified in the accompanying field photographs (Textfigs 4, 5). Note the increase in marine influence as one ascends through the section, the fauna in Beds A and B being dominated by freshwater molluscs and land snails, with few brackish water specimens, whereas the biota in Bed D is frankly marine with a single specimen of the freshwater snail Pila. Bed C yielded Vermetus, oysters and sponges, but also contains abundant land snails and a low diversity of freshwater gastropods. in Large Mammals From The Rupelian Of Oman - Recent Finds
Text-fig. 3. Stratigraphic section through part of the Ashawq Formation at the Omanitherium type locality, Dhofar Governorate, Oman. Beds A–D are indurated cliff-forming strata identified in the accompanying field photographs (Textfigs 4, 5). Note the increase in marine influence as one ascends through the section, the fauna in Beds A and B being dominated by freshwater molluscs and land snails, with few brackish water specimens, whereas the biota in Bed D is frankly marine with a single specimen of the freshwater snail Pila. Bed C yielded Vermetus, oysters and sponges, but also contains abundant land snails and a low diversity of freshwater gastropods.
Text-fig. 10. Lower incisors of Omanitherium dhofarense. a) ONHM TN 2017-19, left i/1, (a1 – stereo lingual view, a2 – distal view, a3 – mesial view, a4 – stereo labial view, a5 – apical view); b) ONHM TN 2017-43, left i/2 from Mohammed's i/2 site (b1 – stereo distal view, b2 – lingual view to show the anticlinal form of the cervix, b3 – labial view, b4 – mesial view, b5 – apical view) (scale bar 10 mm). in Large Mammals From The Rupelian Of Oman - Recent Finds
Text-fig. 10. Lower incisors of Omanitherium dhofarense. a) ONHM TN 2017-19, left i/1, (a1 – stereo lingual view, a2 – distal view, a3 – mesial view, a4 – stereo labial view, a5 – apical view); b) ONHM TN 2017-43, left i/2 from Mohammed's i/2 site (b1 – stereo distal view, b2 – lingual view to show the anticlinal form of the cervix, b3 – labial view, b4 – mesial view, b5 – apical view) (scale bar 10 mm).
Text-fig. 2. P3, morphotypes of Parasorex depereti from BRS 25. a) P3 with only one lingual cusp, hypocone. b) P3 with fused protocone and hypocone, forming a ridge-like complex. c) P3 with well-developed protocone and hypocone. Scale bar 1 mm. in New Light On Parasorex Depereti (Erinaceomorpha: Erinaceidae: Galericini) From The Late Messinian (Mn 13) Of The Monticino Quarry (Brisighella, Faenza, Italy)
Text-fig. 2. P3, morphotypes of Parasorex depereti from BRS 25. a) P3 with only one lingual cusp, hypocone. b) P3 with fused protocone and hypocone, forming a ridge-like complex. c) P3 with well-developed protocone and hypocone. Scale bar 1 mm.
Figure 11 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 11. Four mid-Cambrian species from the Burgess Shale of British Columbia. A, Laggania cambria (= Anomalocaris nathorsti), ventral; B, Anomalocaris canadensis, ventral; C, Amiskwia sagittiformis; D, Nectocaris pteryx. Scale bar = ∼200 mm (A, B), ∼5 mm (C, D). [A, B reproduced with permission from S M Gonn III (from 'The Anomalocarid Bauplan' http://www.geocities.com/goniagnostus/background3.html); C, D, from Marianne Collins in Gould, 1989.]
Figure 9 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 9. Reticulate phylogeny of adults and larvae of extant hemichordates and echinoderms, showing probable sequence of events. Time (horizontal) not to scale. Ord/Sil, Ordovician/Silurian boundary; pres, present; thick black lines, adults; thin black lines, larvae; grey arrows, larval transfers.
Figure 7. Two Cambrian trilobites. A–D in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 7. Two Cambrian trilobites. A–D, stages in the development of Sao hirsute: A, protaspis; B–D, early segmented stages. E, adult Agnostus pisiformis. Scale bar = ∼1 mm (A–D from Borradaile et al., 1935; E redrawn after Fortey, 2000.)
Figure 6 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 6. Stages in the development of the branchiopod crustacean Leptestheria syriaca, to different magnifications. (From Gurney, 1942; as Estheria.)
Figure 5. A in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 5. A, nauplius of Penaeus sp. (recent Crustacea: Penaeidae). B, C, Martinssonia elongata (upper Cambrian): B, paranauplius II (left first appendage omitted); C, oldest known stage. Scale bar = ∼0.1 mm (A after Gurney, 1942; B, C adapted from Müller & Walossek, 1986b.)
Figure 4 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 4. Enteropneust and pterobranch hemichordates and a planctosphere. A–E, enteropneusta: A, adult Dolichoglossus, B, tornaria larva; C–E, stages in metamorphosis; F, G, Pterobranchia: F, adult Rhabdopleara; G, pterobranch larva. H, Planctosphaeromorpha: adult Planctoshaera pelagica. Scale bar = ∼10 mm (A), ∼1 mm (B–E, G), ∼5 mm (F, H). (Adapted from Borradaile et al., 1935; Hyman, 1959.)
Figure 3. Bryozoan larvae and adult. A in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 3. Bryozoan larvae and adult. A, trochophore larva of Alcyonidium; B, cyphonautes larva of Membranipora; C, adult zooid of Electra. (After Williamson, 1992.)
Figure 2 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 2. Examples of overlapping metamorphosis. A, Luidia sarsi (Echinodermata): swimming bipinnaria larva and detached juvenile starfish; B, Polygordius sp. (Annelida): two stages showing segmented polychaete worm protruding from swimming trochophore larva; C, Cerebratulus sp. (Nemertea): juvenile nemertean worm within swimming pilidium larva; D, Doliolum mulleri (Urochordata): juvenile doliolid tunicate within cuticle of tadpole larva. Juvenile stippled in each case. (A, C adapted from Williamson, 1992; B, D adapted from Borradaile et al., 1935.)
Figure 1 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 1. Hydroid and medusae of Hebella (Hydrozoa: Thecata). A, gonophores of H. parasitica; B, male and female medusae of H. parasitica; C, medusa of H. furax. (A, B adapted from Boero, 1980; C adapted from Migotto & de Andrade, 2000.)
Figure 10. A in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 10. A phylogram of some metazoans, based on 18S rRNA. (From Williamson, 2002; after Michael Syvanen, unpubl. data)
Figure 8 in Hybridization in the evolution of animal form and life-cycle
Figure 8. Larvae of an enteropneust hemichordate and echinoderms. A, tornaria larva of an acorn-worm (Enteropneusta); B, auricularia larva of a sea-cucumber (Holothuromorpha); C, bipinnaria larva of a starfish (Asteromorpha); D, echinopluteus larva of a sea-urchin (Echinomorpha); E, ophiopluteus larva of a brittle-star (Ophiuromorpha); F, doliolaria larva of a sea-lily (Crinomorpha). Scale bar = ∼1 mm (Adapted from Williamson, 1992, 2003.)
Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 in Who's who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms
Figure 17. Ophiocomina nigra postlarval development. A, B, two 0.7 mm dd postlarva dorsal, note that only one has secondary inter-radial plates (SIR); C, 0.7 mm dd postlarva ventral; D, E, 0.9 mm dd postlarvae; D, dorsal; E, ventral; F–H, 1.4 mm dd postlarvae; F, dorsal; G, arm dorsal; H, ventral; I–K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; I, jaw, note the scale-like adoral shield spine (ASS) and the second smaller scale proximal to it; J, arm spines, note the serrated edges; K, disc granules are strongly rugose; L, 2.4 mm juvenile; M, 3 mm dd juvenile. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 10. Scale bars in millimetres.
Figure 16. Ophiothrix fragilis postlarval development. A–C, 0.34 in Who's who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms
Figure 16. Ophiothrix fragilis postlarval development. A–C, 0.34 mm dd postlarvae; A, on arm of adult; B, dorsal, note the large central plate (CPP); C, ventral, note the tricuspid tooth; D–G, 0.55 mm dd postlarvae; D, arm dorsal, note the small terminal plate (TP) and large hooks; F, arm lateral; G, ventral; H, I, 0.8 mm dd postlarvae; H, dorsal, radial shields (RS) and inter-radial plates (IR1, 2) have formed; I, ventral; J, K, 1.1 mm postlarvae; J, dorsal, note the k-plate; K, ventral, note the first tooth papillae (TPa); L–N, 1.3 mm postlarvae; L, dorsal with numerous disc spines; M, ventral with additional TPa; N, arm dorsal, note the serrated shape of the proximal dorsal spines. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres. Some dorsal plates have fallen off due to the bleaching process (H, J).
Figure 13. Amphiura filiformis postlarval development. A, B, 0.35 in Who's who among baby brittle stars (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea): postmetamorphic development of some North Atlantic forms
Figure 13. Amphiura filiformis postlarval development. A, B, 0.35 mm dd postlarvae; A, dorsal, note the solid plate stereom; B, ventral; C, D, 0.5 mm dd postlarva; C, dorsal, note the multilayered plate margins; D, ventral; E, F, 0.6 mm dd postlarva; E, dorsal; F, ventral, note the infradental papillae (IP = MP1); G, 1 mm dd postlarva arm ventral, note the serrated middle arm spine; H, I, 1.3 mm dd postlarva; H, dorsal; I, ventral; J, K, 1.6 mm dd postlarva; J, dorsal; K, ventral; L, 5 mm dd adult. Abbreviations: as in Figs 1–3, 5. Scale bars in millimetres.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.