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BRAIN Journal-Electrophysiological Neuroimaging using sLORETA Comparing 100 Schizophrenia Patients to 48 Patients with Major Depression -Figure 3. Resulting comparisons isolating the Dopamine D2 Mesolimbic Pathway

Moreover, a study in Prague identified that Toxoplasmosis triggers schizophrenia in predisposed subjects (Flegr et al., 2014). It may very well be that the Toxoplasmosis parasite increasing dopamine secretions in the frontal lobes may very well lead to decreased cerebral volumes. Cat feces, sexual contact, and eating raw or undercooked pork are well known transmitters of the Toxoplasmosis parasite and may be advisable that patients take precautions of the possibility of these triggering symptoms of psychosis with these possible routes of infection. Another adjunct to Atypical Antipsychotics may be to treat the potential cerebral Toxoplasmosis infection with Cotrimoxazole or Pyrimethamine/Clindamycin.

BRAIN Journal-Brain signal analysis using EEG and Entropy to study the effect of physical and mental tasks on cognitive performance-Figure 1. The 10-20 international system electrode placement showing the EEG electrode placement

For the EEG analysis, the average power in the theta band (4 – 8 Hz), and alpha band (8 – 12 Hz) were computed at the frontal and parietal electrodes Fz and Pz respectively. Next, the ratio of these two powers was determined, and named the ‘cognitive ratio’ as several researchers found that the fronto-parietal network play important roles in cognitive activities.

BRAIN Journal-Electrophysiological Neuroimaging using sLORETA Comparing 100 Schizophrenia Patients to 48 Patients with Major Depression -Figure 2. Resting State neuroimaging findings illustrating the action of atypical antipsychotics on postsynaptic dopamine D2

Contrastingly, the results of the one-hundred males and females diagnosed with Schizophrenia compared to the thirty-two females diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder or Depressive Episodes. The one-hundred male and female Schizophrenia patients had an average age of 32-years-old and a Standard Deviation of 11.8-years. Whereas, the Depressive Episode and Major Depressive Disorder females had an average age of 50-years old and a Standard Deviation of 11.7-years. The statistically significant neuroimaging results identified the Delta (1.5–6 Hz) frequency band at the neuroanatomical location of the region of the Superior Frontal Gyrus (p=0.007; t=2.08, BA 10, X=25, Y=55, Z=30) with greater neuronal oscillations and synchrony in the one-hundred males and females diagnosed with Schizophrenia than the thirty-two females diagnosed with Depressive Episodes and Major Depressive Disorder.

BRAIN Journal-Electrophysiological Neuroimaging using sLORETA Comparing 12 Anorexia Nervosa Patients to 12 Controls-Figure 2: All axial slices of sLORETA imaging results of Resting State EEG Supra-Threshold Voxels in both the Parahippocampal (limbic) and Fusiform (temporal) Gyri illustrating decreased neuronal activity in the Anorexia Nervosa patients.

Results from the sLORETA imaging indicates decreased neuronal activation within the Left Fusiform Gyrus located in the Temporal lobe and Parrahippocampal gyrus, which is located in the Limbic Lobe (Table 1). This correlates with other fMRI findings where patients with early onset AN have exhibited reduced unilateral blood flow in the temporal lobe. The Parahippocampal and Fusiform Gyri are centers that process emotions. Previous studies in which these regions have shown activation involve women that have distorted perceptions of their bodies from a cognitive perspective (Santel et al., 2006). It is apparent from our findings that the Fusiform Gyrus may play a vital role in the processing of visual appearance of the human body. There is also a correlation with the somatosensory limbic pathway in the limbic lobe, due to the similarity of function.

BRAIN Journal-Electrophysiological Neuroimaging using sLORETA Comparing 100 Schizophrenia Patients to 48 Patients with Major Depression -Figure 1. Group comparisons designed for isolating the mesolimbic Dopamine D2

All patients diagnosed with Schizophrenia were medicated with atypical antipsychotics, Olanzapine (dose 5mg/day to 20mg/day) or Risperidone (dose 1mg/day to 4mg/day) blocking both Dopamine D2 and Serotonin 5-HT2 receptors. Whereas, all of the patients diagnosed with Major Depression or Depressive Episode were medicated with Sertraline (50mg/day to 200mg/day maximum dose) or Citalopram (20mg/day to 40mg/day maximum dose). This research protocol was approved by the Bioethical Commission of the Medical University of Lublin.

BRAIN Journal-Electrophysiological Neuroimaging using sLORETA Comparing 12 Anorexia Nervosa Patients to 12 Controls-Figure 1: sLORETA imaging results of Resting State EEG Supra-Threshold Voxels in both the Parahippocampal (limbic) and Fusiform (temporal) Gyri illustrating decreased neuronal activity in the Anorexia Nervosa patients relative to Control participants

The findings of the sLORETA analysis indicated that, the difference is statistically significant (p=0.03) using a one-tailed t-test: Anorexia > Controls. The brains of the patients with Anorexia Nervosa illustrated decreased neuronal activity in the Left Fusiform Gyrus and the Left Parahippocampal Gyrus (p=0.03) in the resting-state brains when Anorexia Patients were sitting for 3min, as compared to the Controls sitting for 3minutes.

BRAIN Journal-Isolating the Norepinephrine Pathway Comparing Lithium in Bipolar Patients to SSRIs in Depressive Patients-Figure 1. Resting state neuroimaging findings illustrating the action of Lithium following whole brain

The axial, saggital, and coronal MRI activation maps illustrate neuronal activity of 46 patients diagnosed with Bipolar Affective Disorder compared to 16 male patients diagnosed with Major Depressive Disorder of Depressive Episode. The Yellow/Orange shades indicate increased neuronal activity in the right Superior Temporal Gyrus (t=1.403, p=0.00780, BA 41, MNI X=45, Y= -35, Z=10) with activation also in the Fusiform Gyrus (t=1.26, BA 20, MNI X= 45, Y= -35, Z=10), the Parahippocampal Gyrus (t=1.29, BA 36, MNI X=45, Y= -35, Z=10). (b) Increased neuronal activity in the Cingulate Gyrus (t=1.06, BA 32, MNI X=45, Y= -35, Z=10). Structural anatomy is shown in grey scale (A – anterior; S – superior; P – posterior; L – left; R – right).

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Brain Journal-The Status of Positive Psychology Strengths within the Romanian School in the Digital Society -Figure 1. Pie chart vitalitysuccess

The Pie charts above illustrate the distribution of responses for the "Vitality" strength. It can be noticed how the lower values are much more frequent than the high ones, in terms of promoting this strength in school. Thus, the participants at this study consider that school does not attach enough importance to this strength, even though it has proven to be so mandatory in assuring the students' well-being and personal success.

BRAIN Journal-Two new software behavioral design patterns: Obligation Link and History Reminder-Figure 5. The Sequence Diagram of the "History Reminder" design pattern

Analyzing the two main classes HistoryReminder and HistoryReminderOriginator of the “History Reminder” design pattern, we find that these two classes act as actors of the whole sequence of operations. The sequence diagram of the “History Reminder” design pattern is given below in Figure 5.

BRAIN Journal-Two new software behavioral design patterns: Obligation Link and History Reminder-Figure 4. The Flow chart of the "History Reminder" design pattern

The “History Reminder” design pattern has two main classes: HistoryReminder and HistoryReminderOriginator. The flow chart of the “History Reminder” design pattern is given in Figure 4.

BRAIN Journal-Two new software behavioral design patterns: Obligation Link and History Reminder-Figure 3. The class diagram of the "History Reminder" design pattern

The “History Reminder” design pattern consists of two basic classes. The first one is the HistoryReminder class and the second one is HistoryReminderOriginator class. Here, we have removed the Caretaker class which has been used to restore and save the memento state in the case of the traditional well-known Memento design pattern. The Caretaker object’s responsibility has been passed to the HistoryReminder object itself. It saves and restores the object within itself and returns it to the HistoryReminderOriginator object. The class diagram of the HistoryReminder design pattern is given below in Figure 3.

BRAIN Journal-Two new software behavioral design patterns: Obligation Link and History Reminder-Figure 2. The class diagram of the "Obligation Link" design pattern

Here is the structure of the “Obligation Link” design pattern described through another UML concept, called class diagrams. Contrary to the sequence diagrams which describe the behaviour, class diagrams specify static structural information about a program. The important information for a class, such as its attribute, operation, etc, along with relationship between classes can be specified using a class diagram

BRAIN Journal-Two new software behavioral design patterns: Obligation Link and History Reminder-Figure 1. The sequence diagram of the "Obligation Link" design pattern

A sequence diagram is used to model the flow of the logic of the system. A sequence diagram represents perhaps the most popular Unified Modelling Language (UML) diagram that describes the behavior of a scheme. Figure 1 shows the sequence diagram of “Obligation Link” design pattern.

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 9b. Translation of a tab for all languages

After checking a few (or all!) languages for instance and pressing the Ok button , we obtain the windows shown in figure 9a, or respectively 9b for all languages. Here we can add one or more missing translations, or modify one or more of the existing translations accordingly. All the data within the view cluster can be translated into any language supported by the system.

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 8. GoTo -> Translation Option

For example, we select in the view cluster the tab called “Forecasting” and then choose Goto -> Translation (figure 8). After selecting Goto -> Translation, we obtain a selecting window for the desired languages where the user can check one or more languages to translate those tabs or areas into.

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 9a. Translation of a tab for certain languages

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 7. Dialog structure of the View Cluster

Field dependency has been generated automatically and as a result the following desired structure has been achieved (figure 7). After populating the database tables with data in different languages with the help of the view cluster, the popup has been adapted in order to support the translation of the tabs and areas. Supplementary internal tables have been defined in the function module POPUP_FLEX, in order to copy data from the translation tables. The corresponding SELECT statements have been embedded in TRY-CATCH blocks, in order to prevent short dumps due to faulty selection processes.

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 6. View cluster TAFC

For all these tables and views, table maintenance generators have been created and activated, in order to have the possibility to manage individual datasets in every table and view. The corresponding names of those function groups for the table maintenance generators are the same names as those for the views. The purpose of these maintenance views is only to take care of the input data more efficiently. These views will be used later in the view cluster, which ensures a hierarchical order of the data. Therefore, the maintenance views will also include the predecessor, in order to facilitate linking in the field dependency tab of the view cluster (Swapna, 2007). These three maintenance views are embedded in the following view cluster (figure 6)

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 5. Maintenance Views

Beside the tabs and the areas, the database table FLD also contains the fields TABLENAME and FIELD, which suggest the related parameters, whom input may be updated at runtime. Through standard SAP functionality the tables in BASIS, respectively their fields are by default translated in the login language of the user. So in the fields TABLENAME and FIELD of the FLD table, we will obtain, in the user login language, the names of the tables and fields from BASIS via the foreign keys to the table DD03L for TABLENAME and to the table DD02L for FIELD. Beside the database tables, 3 maintenance views have been created, TABV, AREV and FLDV, for the tabs, areas and fields of the popup (figure 5). We have chosen maintenance views instead of database views to be able to use them in the view cluster.

BRAIN Journal-Redesigning a Flexible Material Master Data Application with Language Dependency-Figure 2. Content of the single database table in the previous implementation

In the previous implementation there has been used a single database table which did not provide a consistent overview of existing tabs, areas and fields, as well as of the languages, in which a specific field of an area or tab was translated. So, it was difficult to maintain this database table by the customizing end-users in different languages, because every update of a tab, area or field required a number of actions in this table which had to be done manually and very carefully, requiring much time and attention. The number of rows of this table was very large and the content looked like the one shown in figure 2.