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Fig. 5 in A Molecular Perspective on the Phylogeny of the Girdled Lizards (Cordylidae, Squamata)

Fig. 5. Tree based on scale structure evidence of Harvey and Gutberlet (1995). A: macrohoneycomb present on venter; B: macrohoneycomb present on dorsal scales; C: flaplike free margins associated with the cellridge system; D: short ridgelike projections in the center of the oberhautchen cells.

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FIGURE 2 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid

FIGURE 2. Karyotype of a triploid hybrid between Aspidoscelis laredoensis pattern class A × A. gularis (AMNH R-148416), with the chromosomes arranged in six rows representing the haploid complements in its genealogy. Upper two rows. Haploid set of chromosomes as found in A. gularis. Middle two rows. Haploid set of chromosomes as found in A. sexlineatus (S indicates the medium-sized submetacentric to subtelocentric chromosome that characterizes this species). The total of the upper and middle two rows represent the diploid karyotype of the parthenogenetic A. laredoensis. Lower two rows. The second haploid set of chromosomes as found in A. gularis, received in the recent hybridization event. Scale bar = 10 microns.

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FIGURE 1 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid

FIGURE 1. Representatives of the diploid parthenogenetic Aspidoscelis laredoensis pattern class A and natural triploid hybrids between A. laredoensis pattern class A × A. gularis. A. A. laredoensis, female, AMNH R-126892; snout-vent length (SVL), 72 mm. B. Hybrid female, AMNH R-148419; SVL, 82 mm. C, D. Hybrid male, AMNH R-148416; SVL, 76 mm.

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FIGURE 4 in Hybridization between Whiptail Lizards in Texas: Aspidoscelis laredoensis and A. gularis, with Notes on Reproduction of a Hybrid

FIGURE 4. Electrophoretic phenotypes of the dimeric enzyme PEP-A for 12 different lizards (a total of 24) on each of two gels. Letters and labeling are as in figure 3, except that here the asterisk is to note that activity of the A- or C-allele in the diploid LARA or LARB is present but under-expressed.

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FIGURE 2 in Karyotypes of the North American Parthenogenetic Whiptail Lizard Aspidoscelis velox, and Return of Aspidoscelis innotatus to the Synonymy of A. velox (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae)

FIGURE 2. Chromosomes of four individuals of the triploid Aspidoscelis velox. A. The original unmodified karyotype (K1), with 3 + 36 + 30 = 69 chromosomes; from UAZ 18743. B. The Set I macrochromosomes of karyotype K2, in which one of the original Set I metacentrics apparently underwent centric fission, resulting in 2 + 38 + 30 = 70 chromosomes; from UAZ 21647. C. The Set I macrochromosomes of karyotype K3, in which two of the Set II chromosomes apparently had undergone centric fusion, resulting in 4 + 34 + 30 = 68 chromosomes; from AMNH R-128317. D. The Set I macrochromosomes of karyotypes K4–K6, in which another pair of Set II chromosomes apparently underwent centric fusion, resulting in 5 + 32 + 30 = 67 chromosomes in K4, followed by additional modifications in K5 and K6 (not illustrated; see text); from AMNH R-115954. Note that there is only one clear secondary constriction (NOR) in each, subterminal on one arm of a Set I metacentric chromosome. Scale bar represents 10 microns.

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FIGURE 1 in Karyotypes of the North American Parthenogenetic Whiptail Lizard Aspidoscelis velox, and Return of Aspidoscelis innotatus to the Synonymy of A. velox (Reptilia: Squamata: Teiidae)

FIGURE 1. Representatives of two population samples of Aspidoscelis velox. A. Adult female from Kane County, Utah, AMNH R-178713, previously referred to A. innotatus; snout-vent length = 84 mm. This individual had karyotype K1. B. Adult female from Sandoval County, New Mexico, AMNH R-127247; snout-vent length = 78 mm. This individual had karyotype K4.

Fig. 6 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 6. Phylogenetic trees inferred from maximum parsimony analyses. (A) Strict consensus of 211 equally parsimonious trees estimated from morphology partition (L 5 106; CI 5 0.55; RI 5 0.72). (B) Single most parsimonious tree recovered from analyses of combined morphology and molecular partitions (L 5 2.740, CI 5 0.47, RI 5 0.43). The internal nodes are numbered (circles) and the partitioned Bremer support indexes are listed in appendix 4 for each node. Bootstrap support values (. 50%) and decay indexes are presented above and below branches, respectively. The inset includes Alexandresaurus camacan and its closest relatives.

Fig. 3 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 3. Dorsal (A) and ventral (B) views of the skull of Alexandresaurus camacan (MZUSP 94252-53). Scale 5 1 mm.

Fig. 5 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 5. Regression lines between body length and tail length for males and females of Alexandresaurus camacan from Una, State of Bahia, Brazil.

Fig. 4 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 4. Right hand (A), right foot (B), hyoid (C), shoulder girdle (D), and pelvic girdle (E) of Alexandresaurus camacan (MZUSP 94252-53). Scale 5 1 mm.

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Text-fig. 2. Dorsal view of endocranium of a 31 mm sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. cp: cartilago parietectalis (cartilago tecti nasi); cs: sphenethmoidal commissure; tm: taenia marginalis. (Modified from Gaupp 1900.) in Cartilago Teniformis And Its Derivatives: Additional Information On The Basic Composition And Evolution Of The Skull

Text-fig. 2. Dorsal view of endocranium of a 31 mm sand lizard (Lacerta agilis). Derivatives of the teniform cartilages blue. cp: cartilago parietectalis (cartilago tecti nasi); cs: sphenethmoidal commissure; tm: taenia marginalis. (Modified from Gaupp 1900.)

Fig. 7 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 7. Phylogenetic tree estimated under Bayesian method of the combined morphology and molecular data set and posterior probabilities (above nodes) for clades recovered at the 50% majority rule consensus topology.

Fig. 2 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 2. Ventral (A), lateral (B), and dorsal (C) views of the head of the holotype of Alexandresaurus camacan (MZUSP 93201). Scale 5 1 mm.

Fig. 1 in A New Genus of Microteiid Lizard from the Atlantic Forests of State of Bahia, Brazil, with a New Generic Name for Colobosaura mentalis, and a Discussion of Relationships Among the Heterodactylini (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

Fig. 1. Alexandresaurus camacan (MZUSP 93228), an adult male (57 mm) from Serra do Teimoso, state of Bahia, Brazil.

Fig. 11 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 11. Topographic map of Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County New Mexico showing the 23 trap sites listed in table 6. Each site can be identified by its coordinates and symbol (table 6). Triangles indicate sites where A. dixoni C was found, but not A. t. punctilinealis; squares indicate sites where A. t. punctilinealis was found, but not A. dixoni C; and dots indicate sites where both species were found. This was mapped with TOPO! (2003, National Geographic; www.nationalgeographic.com/topo).

Fig. 7 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 7. Pattern of morphological variation expressed by the distribution of scores on the first two principal components extracted from a correlation matrix of seven meristic characters of 30 specimens of Aspidoscelis from Antelope Pass, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. The specimens include representatives of two species (A. dixoni C and A. t. punctilinealis) and hybrids between them. Note that the three hybrids cluster most closely to their maternal parent.

Fig. 5 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 5. Karyotypes of two whiptail lizards (Aspidoscelis) from Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico. A, Diploid unisexual A. dixoni C (AMNH R-148360, fig. 3), with 2n 5 46 chromosomes. This taxon is a clone with its ultimate ancestor having been an F1 hybrid between A. tigris marmorata (haploid complement of chromosomes in the upper two rows) X A. gularis septemvittata (haploid complement in the lower two rows of A). Note that the X chromosome that was ultimately inherited from marmorata (third largest, upper row) was apparently fissioned at the centromere (arrow) forming two additional set II-sized macrochromosomes (here arranged to suggest the ancestral unfissioned state in marmorata). Note also that the missing microchromosome of A. dixoni C is illustrated as missing from the marmorata genome (o at the right end of the second row), although we do not know from which genome it was actually lost. B, Triploid hybrid female of A. dixoni C X A. t. punctilinealis (AMNH R-148141, fig. 3), with 3n 5 69 chromosomes arranged in six rows. Rows 2 and 4 represent the haploid complement most recently inherited from A. t. punctilinealis, including its intact X chromosome (third largest). Rows 1, 3, 5, and 6 represent the two haploid complements inherited from A. dixoni C, including the fissioned X (arrow) chromosome and missing microchromosome (o), as in A, above. Bar represents 10 Mm.

Fig. 6 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 6. Electrophoretic phenotypes representing products of four gene loci of Aspidoscelis. A, IDDH, a tetrameric enzyme, from liver homogenates of seven lizards. Note that the b-allele from PUN is very faint but present in the hybrid. B, PEPA, a dimeric enzyme, from muscle homogenates of seven lizards. Note that New Mexican dixoni differ from Texan dixoni and that the hybrid is triallelic. C, sMDH, a dimeric enzyme, from muscle homogenates of seven lizards. Note that New Mexican dixoni differ from Texan dixoni and the hybrid shows two doses of the a-allele. D, MPI, a monomeric enzyme, from muscle homogenates of eight lizards. Note that New Mexican dixoni differ from Texan dixoni. Letters below gels identify allozymes based on alleles present (table 2). Lanes for individual lizards are labeled beside the gel (with genotype) as follows: DIXA, A. dixoni A; DIXB, A. dixoni B; DIXC, A. dixoni C; DIXC X PUN, hybrid of A. dixoni C X A. t. punctilinealis; MAR, A. t. marmorata; SCA, A. g. scalaris, which at these loci are often the same as A. g. septemvittata; TESC, A. tesselata C-E; TESD, A. tesselata D; TESE-C, A. tesselata E-C; PUN, A. t. punctilinealis. Anode is to the right, and arrow in A indicates position of sample application.

Fig. 1 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 1. The global distributional range of Aspidoscelis dixoni. This species occurs in two areas that are separated by approximately 500 km from which no specimens are known. The two areas are Antelope Pass, Peloncillo Mountains, Hidalgo County, New Mexico, and Chinati Mountains, Presidio County, Texas. Initialisms are as follows: AZ, Arizona; MX, Mexico; NM, New Mexico; and TX, Texas. Modified from Topo USA 2.0, DeLorme, Yarmouth, Maine (1999).

Fig. 4 in Hybridization Between the Endangered Unisexual Gray-Checkered Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis dixoni) and the Bisexual Western Whiptail Lizard (Aspidoscelis tigris) in Southwestern New Mexico

Fig. 4. Ventral views (black-and-white) of two of the same lizards shown in figure 3. Upper, hybrid (AMNH R-148141); lower, A. t. punctilinealis (AMNH R-148113). In A. dixoni C (no photograph of ventral view) there is no black on the abdomen or throat, although there may be a few small black dots on the chest.