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13,343 results for “Primary”
Data from: Area 2 of primary somatosensory cortex encodes kinematics of the whole arm
<p>Proprioception, the sense of body position, movement, and associated forces, remains poorly understood, despite its critical role in movement. Most studies of area 2, a proprioceptive area of somatosensory cortex, have simply compared neurons' activities to the movement of the hand through space. By using motion tracking, we sought to elaborate this relationship by characterizing how area 2 activity relates to whole arm movements. We found that a whole-arm model, unlike classic models, successfully predicted how features of neural activity changed as monkeys reached to targets in two workspaces. However, when we then evaluated this whole-arm model across active and passive movements, we found that many neurons did not consistently represent the whole arm over both conditions. These results suggest that 1) neural activity in area 2 includes representation of the whole arm during reaching and 2) many of these neurons represented limb state differently during active and passive movements.</p>
Combined responses of primary coral polyps and their algal endosymbionts to decreasing seawater pH
<p><span>With coral reefs declining globally, resilience of these ecosystems hinges on successful coral recruitment. However, knowledge of the acclimatory and/or adaptive potential in response to environmental challenges such as ocean acidification (OA) in earliest life stages is limited. </span>Our combination of physiological measurements, microscopy, computed tomography techniques and gene expression analysis allowed us to thoroughly elucidate the mechanisms underlying the response of early life stages of corals, together with their algal partners, to the projected decline in oceanic pH. <span>We observed extensive physiological, morphological and transcriptional changes in surviving recruits, and the transition to a </span>less-skeleton/more-tissue phenotype<span>. We found that decreased pH conditions stimulate photosynthesis and endosymbiont growth, and gene expression potentially linked to photosynthates translocation. </span>Our unique holistic study discloses the previously unseen intricate net of interacting mechanisms that regulate the performance of these organisms in response to OA.</p>
PubChem compounds tested in primary and confirmatory assays
<p>The set of 437,257 compounds that were tested in both primary and confirmatory assays was assembled from PubChem BioAssay collection and deposited in an EXCEL file. For each compound, its compound identifier in PubChem (i.e., cid), the number of primary and confirmatory assays it was tested in and activity annotations are reported.</p>
Supplementary material 17: Generating Interactive Dashboard Charts Based on Plazi Treatment Data from: Integrating and visualizing primary data from prospective and legacy taxonomic literature - Biodiversity Data Journal 3: e5063 (12 May 2015) https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.3.e5063
A brief explanation of how to create and customize interactive charts using data on Plazi.
Study protocol and data dictionary: Effectiveness of a GP delivered medication review in reducing polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate prescribing in older patients with multimorbidity in Irish primary care: a cluster randomised controlled trial (SPPiRE study)
<p><strong>Methods</strong></p> <p><strong>Study design and participants</strong></p> <p>The methods for the SPPiRE cluster RCT have been described in the trial protocol (21). This study is reported in line with the CONSORT 2010 cluster RCT checklist (22), see Appendix 1, and was approved by the Irish College of General Practitioners Research Ethics Committee. In brief, SPPiRE was a pragmatic two arm cluster RCT, with the intervention delivered to GP clusters and analysis of outcomes at the patient level. Information about the trial was publicised through a variety of GP research, teaching and training networks throughout Ireland. Eligible practices expressing an interest were formally invited. Practices were eligible to participate if they had at least 300 registered patients aged ≥65 years (based on the need to identify a sufficient number of eligible participants) and used either of the two Irish GP practice management systems (PMS) with over 80% national cover; this enabled use of a SPPiRE patient finder tool which was developed and embedded into these systems. Practices were excluded if they were currently involved in a medication management or prescribing trial or if they were unable to recruit at least five participants.</p> <p>Eligible patients were aged ≥65 years and prescribed ≥15 repeat medicines. A repeat medicine was defined as any unique item with a World Health Organisation Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code on the patient’s current repeat prescription. Patients were excluded if they had been recruited into a practice that was unable to recruit at least four other participants, they were judged by their GP as unable to give informed consent or they were unable to attend the practice for a face to face medication review, (e.g. nursing home residents and house bound patients). Recruited GPs ran the SPPiRE patient finder tool and screened the generated list to ensure only eligible patients were invited. Practices who identified more than 40 eligible patients were supported in selecting a random sample of 30 patients to invite. All recruited practices and patients gave fully informed consent and baseline data was collected prior to practice allocation, to reduce the likelihood of selection bias.</p> <p><strong>Randomisation and masking</strong></p> <p>Recruited practices were allocated to intervention or control groups by minimisation using Minimpy software (23) by the trial statistician (FB) who had no knowledge of participating practices. Minimisation variables included practice size (number of GP sessions per week, 0-14, 14-28 and 28 or more) and location (urban, rural or mixed). Considering the nature of the intervention, it was not possible to blind GPs or patients to the intervention, however to reduce the risk of detection bias the two primary outcome measures; the number of repeat medicines and whether a PIP was present were assessed by an independent blinded pharmacist (MF).</p> <p><strong>Procedures</strong></p> <p>Intervention GPs received unique login details to the SPPiRE website where they had access to five training videos and a template for performing the SPPiRE medication review. The training videos provided background information on multimorbidity and polypharmacy, PIP, eliciting patient treatment priorities and conducting a brown bag medication review. GPs were instructed to book a double appointment and to ask their patients to bring all their medicines in to the medication review visit with them. The SPPiRE medication review process had two main components; gather and record information and then to discuss and agree changes with their patient based on the recorded information, with a focus on deprescribing medicines that were potentially inappropriate, figure 1. The website provided suggested treatment alternatives for identified PIP but all treatment decisions were ultimately at the discretion of the individual GP, based on their clinical judgement and their patients’ individual priorities.</p> <p>Control GPs delivered usual care during the six to twelve month study period. At the time of intervention delivery there was no structured chronic disease management programme in Irish primary care and many patients with multimorbidity attended multiple hospital specialists. In Ireland, the majority of people aged ≥70 years of age have access to free GP visits and medicines with some prescription charge co-payments. In the 65 – 69 year old age category a lower proportion have access to both free GP visits and prescription medicines. Access to specialists and diagnostics in secondary care is free for the entire population.</p> <p><strong>Outcomes</strong></p> <p>The two primary outcomes were the number of repeat medicines and the proportion of patients with any PIP, from a list of 34 pre-specified indicators (see Appendix 2). A series of secondary prescribing related outcome measure were pre-specified to allow a more in depth analysis of the effect of the intervention on prescribing. These were:</p> <ul> <li>The number of medicines stopped and started</li> <li>The proportion of patients with a reduction in significant polypharmacy (defined as ≥15 repeat medicines)</li> <li>The number of PIP</li> <li>The proportion of patients with a high risk PIP (see Appendix 2)</li> <li>The proportion of patients with any reduction in PIP</li> </ul> <p>Secondary patient reported outcomes measures were included to capture the effectiveness of the intervention from the patients’ perspective. These were:</p> <ul> <li>Health related Quality of life (EQ5D-5L)(24)</li> <li>Revised Patients' attitudes towards deprescribing (rPATD) (25)</li> <li>Multimorbidity Treatment Burden Questionnaire (MTBQ) (26)</li> </ul> <p>Health care utilisation data was collected to assess the effect of the intervention on health care usage and for the trial’s economic evaluation.</p> <p>Outcomes were collected at baseline and at six months after intervention delivery. Patient reported measures were collected by postal questionnaires. Data for all other measures including prescribed medicines, medical and investigations history and healthcare utilisation were collected by participating GPs and submitted to the study manager (CMC). This was a deviation from the original protocol, which indicated this data would be collected by the research team. This deviation related to changes in data protection and national health research regulations during the study period, which precluded research team access to the patients’ full clinical record.</p> <p><strong>Adverse events</strong></p> <p>Information on adverse events such as mortality, ED presentations and hospital admissions was collected at follow up. Given the deprescribing approach of the intervention a safety protocol for identifying and reporting any suspected adverse drug withdrawal events (ADWEs) was developed. An ADWE is defined as either recurrence of the condition for which the drug was prescribed (e.g. recurrence of angina after stopping a beta blocker) or a physiologic reaction to drug withdrawal (e.g. SSRI withdrawal syndrome) (27, 28). Although discontinuing medicines in older people has been demonstrated to be safe (29), given the paramount importance of the principle of “do no harm” in research ethics a vigorous and detailed method was established to ensure that any potential ADWEs precipitated by deprescribing in a SPPiRE medication review were captured. Intervention GPs were asked to report any possible ADWE following the SPPiRE medication review. The Naranjo ADR probability scale (30) has been adapted in other studies to assess the likelihood a reaction is related to drug withdrawal (27, 28). This tool was further adapted for SPPiRE and used to make an assessment on the causality of the ADWE. To ensure the patient perspective was included, self-reported possible ADWEs were also collected from patient follow up questionnaires. </p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Sample size</strong></p> <p>As outlined in the trial protocol (21), the study was designed with 90% power to detect a 20% reduction in the proportion with PIP and a mean difference of one medicine between intervention and control groups (based on a mean of 17.4 medicines SD (2.6)) and the sample size inflated to incorporate the effects of clustering (using an ICC of 0.025). The sample size was recalculated when it became apparent during early recruitment that it would not be possible to recruit clusters with an average of 15 participants, as was initially planned in the protocol. An average cluster size of eight was anticipated which inflated the original sample size from 30 practices (450 patients) to 50 practices (400 patients).</p> <p><strong>Statistical analysis</strong></p> <p>Descriptive statistics were used to describe baseline characteristics of recruited practices and participants. All analyses were conducted under the intention-to-treat principle and those lost to follow up had their baseline data carried forward. The primary analysis was carried out using multi-level modelling. The first primary outcome measure, number of repeat medications, was assessed using mixed effects Poisson regression with the individual as the unit of analysis and the practice included as the random effect to control for the effects of clustering and results presented using incidence rate ratios (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). The baseline number of medicines, GP size (number of GP sessions per week) and GP location (urban/rural) were included in the analysis as fixed effects. The second outcome measure, proportion of patients with a PIP, was analysed in a similar manner using mixed effects logistic regression, including PIP at baseline, GP size and location, and results presented using odd ratios (OR) and 95% CIs. A number of pre-specified sensitivity analyses were conducted; complete case analysis, per protocol analysis and including “presence of a repeat prescribing policy” as a covariate. All secondary outcomes were analysed in a similar manner to the primary outcomes, using appropriate mixed effects regression methods (i.e. linear, logistic, Poisson).</p> <p> </p> <p>Note: Version 3 (published 28 April 2025) updates Version 2 by removing Participant GP1P4 following consent withdrawal. This version should be used for all future analyses.</p> <p> </p>
Net primary production from the Eppley-VGPM, Behrenfeld-VGPM, Behrenfeld-CbPM, Westberry-CbPM and Silsbe-CAFE algorithms
<p>Net primary production (mg C m<sup>-2</sup> d<sup>-1</sup>) calculated from the Eppley-VGPM, Behrenfeld-VGPM, Behrenfeld-CbPM, Westberry-CbPM and Silsbe-CAFE algorithms. MLD data taken from HADLEY EN4.2.2 using the density criterion of 0.03 kg m<sup>-3</sup>. </p> <p>Data on a regular 25km grid at a 8 day resolution.</p> <p><strong>Version 1.1</strong></p> <p>Fixed minor issues with:</p> <ol> <li>Conversion of bbp(443) to phytoplankton carbon.</li> <li>Missing values at ~180W.</li> </ol> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version 1.2</strong></p> <ol> <li>Updated to include 2023.</li> <li>Westberry-CbPM Nitracline depth updated with World Ocean Atlas 2023 Nitrate Data.</li> <li>Silsbe-CAFE bbwater calculations updated with World Ocean Atlas 2023 Salinity Data.</li> <li>File structure compressed using Zlib.</li> </ol> <p>Please note for Westberry-CbPM and Silsbe-CAFE all years were reprocessed.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Version 1.3</strong></p> <ol> <li>Updated to include 2024.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Version 1.3.1</strong></p> <ol> <li>Replaced Behrenfeld-VGPM file which had errors.</li> </ol>
Deciphering genomic evolution of metastatic organotropism with 535 paired primary lung cancers and metastases
<p>Scripts and processed data used in the analyses of the manuscript:</p> <p><em>Deciphering genomic evolution of metastatic organotropism with 535 paired primary lung cancers and metastases.</em></p>
Primary data of thiotrophic free-living and ectosymbiotic genomes
<p><span>Thiotrophic symbioses between sulfur-oxidizing bacteria and various unicellular and metazoan eukaryotes are widespread in reducing marine environments. The giant colonial ciliate <em>Zoothamnium</em> <em>niveum</em> and its vertically transmitted ectosymbiont <em>Candidatus</em> <em>Thiobius</em> <em>zoothamnicola</em> (short Thiobius), however, is the only thiotrophic mutualism that has been cultivated so far. Because theoretical predictions posit a smaller genome in vertically transmitted endosymbionts compared to free-living relatives, we investigated whether this is true also for an ectosymbiont. We used metagenomics to recover the high-quality draft genome of this bacterial symbiont. For comparison, we have also sequenced a closely related free-living cultured but not formally described strain Milos ODIII6 (short ODIII6). We then performed comparative genomics to assess the functional capabilities at the gene, metabolic pathway, and trait levels. 16S rRNA gene trees and average amino acid identity confirmed the close phylogenetic relationship of both bacteria. Indeed, Thiobius had about a third smaller genome than its free-living relative ODIII6, with reduced metabolic capabilities and fewer functional traits. The functional capabilities of Thiobius were mostly a subset of those of the more versatile ODIII6, which possessed additional genes in the context of oxygen, sulfur, and hydrogen utilization and for the acquisition of phosphorus illustrating the adaptations to instable environmental conditions at hydrothermal vents. In contrast, Thiobius possessed genes for heterotrophy potentially enabling it to utilize lactate and acetate, which may be provided as byproducts by the host. The present study illustrates the effect of strict host-dependence of a bacterial ectosymbiont on genome evolution and host adaptation.</span></p>
Relationship of primary and secondary studies
<p>In the life sciences of medicine and psychology, studies are divided into primary studies (individual studies) and secondary studies. Secondary research includes - in ascending hierarchy - systematic reviews, meta-analyses and umbrella reviews. Systematic reviews provide a summary of existing studies, including an assessment of the current state of knowledge. In meta-analyses, a mean effect is calculated from the effects of the studies. An umbrella review, in turn, summarises several meta-analyses.</p>
Single-Stranded DNA with Internal Base Modifications Mediates Highly Efficient Gene Insertion in Primary Cells
<p>The manuscript describes the use of ssDNA with chemical modifications in internal bases to improve gene insertion. The dataset contains an excel file with the data corresponding to the figures in this manuscript. In addition, it has results from next-generation sequencing used in Figure 2B. </p>
Data For "Impact of dust and temperature on primary productivity in Late Miocene oceans"
<p><span>Impact of dust and temperature on primary productivity in Late Miocene oceans</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>This dataset contains marine biogeochemical outputs (NetCDF files) from modeling experiments with realistic late Miocene paleogeography, different CO2 levels and dust concentrations. The simulations focus on the evolution of primary productivity in response to aridification and global cooling. The simulations were carried out using the IPSL-CM5A2 general circulation model (Sepulchre et al. 2020 - IPSL-CM5A2 - an Earth system model designed for multimillennial climate simulations, GMD) and the PISCES-v2 biogeochemistry model (Aumont et al. 2015). It includes four simulations: Mio300Dust (300 ppm, dust concentration equal to pre-industrial level), Mio420Dust2 (420 ppm, dust concentration equal to pre-industrial level divided by 2), Mio420Dust10 (420 ppm, dust concentration equal to pre-industrial level divided by 10) and Mio420NoDust (420 ppm, dust concentration equal to pre-industrial level divided by 1000). The data are monthly averages over the last 100 years of the simulations. </span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>Contact: quentin.pillot@gmail.com</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>Experiments , see Pillot et al. (2024), Methods ans supplementary Informations for details.</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>INTPP : Vertically integrated primary production by phyto (mol/m2/s)</span></p> <p><span>EPC100 : Export of carbon particles at 100 m (mol/m2/s)</span></p> <p><span>LNlight : Light limitation term in Nanophyto (between 0 and 1)</span></p> <p><span>LNnut : Nutrient limitation term in Nanophyto (between 0 and 1)</span></p> <p><span>PPPHY : Primary production of nanophyto (mol/m3/s)</span></p> <p><span>PPPHY2 : Primary production of diatoms (mol/m3/s)</span></p> <p><span>Ndep : Nitrogen deposition from dust (mol/m2/s)</span></p> <p><span>Pdep : Phosphorus deposition from dust (mol/m2/s)</span></p> <p><span>Sidep : Silice deposition from dust (mol/m2/s)</span></p> <p><span>Irondep : Iron deposition from dust (mol/m2/s)</span></p> <p><span> </span></p> <p><span>Keywords: Late Miocene, marine primary productivity, aridification, dust, CO2, cooling, oceans, modelling, IPSL-CM5A2, PISCES-v2</span></p>
Knowledge of Primary Health Care Nurses at Selected Public Institutions Regarding Prescription of Antihypertensive Drugs
<p>Hypertension has been among the most studied topics of the previous century and has been one of the most significant comorbidities contributing to the development of stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, and renal failure. In the mist of that, there is limited data on nurses’ knowledge regarding prescription of antihypertensive drugs in Lesotho. The aim of this study was to assess primary health care nurses’ knowledge regarding prescription of antihypertensive drugs. Quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study of primary health care nurses recruited by purposive sampling was conducted. An electronic questionnaire was used to collect data and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Most participants were females and had attained diploma in general nursing and midwifery. A proportion of 26% fully knew the steps to be followed for diagnosing hypertension and only 23% felt highly confident to initiate patients on antihypertensive drugs. Moreover, knowledge on mechanism of action of antihypertensive drugs was poor and less than half only knew antihypertensive drug of choice when there is comorbidity. The study identified that nurses have knowledge deficit regarding prescription of antihypertensive drugs. There is a need for interventions to improve nurses’ knowledge so as to curb hypertension burden. </p>
Herschel Speculum metal blank for primary mirror
Model created for manufacturer to reproduce the blank speculum mirror used within the William Herschel 7ft replica telescope. Instead of glass, the mirrors are made from speculum metal which is an mixture of two thirds copper and one third tin. 4 blanks are to be reproduced for the William Herschel Society and ground and polished to a reflective surface. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab
Data from: Dung beetles from three primary forest sites in the Brazilian Amazon
<p><em>Scarabaeinae</em> beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) is a high performance indicator group used in biodiversity assessment of tropical forests. As most species are coprophagous they are commonly known as dung beetles although few species may be necrophagous or saprophagous. Allied to the feeding habitat dung beetles display a complex reproductive behaviour with nests underground, and therefore act in many ecossistem services as nutrient cycling, bioturbation and secondary seed dispersal. Dung beetles display specific forraging methods, as they detect food odors through the antennas and fly towards the food resource. They are therefore captured by baited pitfall and flight interception traps, and studies have shown the complementary between these methods. However, the use of attractants can introduce additional sources of variation in trap performance. In our paper we aimed to assess the effect of bait attractiveness on assemblages metrics when sampled by baited pitfall traps. We identified species less and highly attracted to the baits in use, and that assemblages sampled with baited traps tend to lower diversity and higher dominance.</p>
Response to Sea Surface Temperature and Primary Productivity to change in Earth's Orbit Eccentricity - Simulations
<p>This dataset contains ocean and ocean biogeochemistry outputs from modeling experiments with present-day geography and various Earth's orbit confiurations. The set of simulation targets the role of Eccentricity on the tropical ocean sea surface temperature and primary productivity (Beaufort & Sarr, 2024) . The simulations have been run using the IPSL-CM5A2 General Circulation Model (Sepulchre et al. 2020 - IPSL-CM5A2 – an Earth system model designed formulti-millennial climate simulations, GMD) and offline version of PISCESv2 model (Aumont et al., 2015 - PISCES-v2: an ocean biogeochemical model for carbon and ecosystem studies, GMD). It includes 4 simulations. Data are monthly averages over the last 100 years of the simulations.</p> <p>Complementary outputs (4 simulations) can be found at https://www.seanoe.org/data/00728/84031/ (Beaufort et al., 2022)</p>
Data from: Urbanization and primary productivity mediate the predator-prey relationship between deer and coyotes
<p>Predator-prey interactions are important to regulating populations and structuring communities but are affected by many dynamic, complex factors, across larges-scales, making them difficult to study. Integrated population models (IPMs) offer a potential solution to understanding predator-prey relationships by providing a framework for leveraging many different datasets and testing hypotheses about interactive factors. Here, we evaluate the coyote-deer (<em>Canis latrans</em> – <em>Odocoileus virginianus</em>) predator-prey relationship across the state of North Carolina (NC). Because both species have similar habitat requirements and may respond to human disturbance, we considered net primary productivity (NPP) and urbanization as key mediating factors. We estimated deer survival and fecundity by integrating camera trap, harvest, biological and hunter observation datasets into a two-stage, two-sex Lefkovich population projection matrix. We allowed survival and fecundity to vary as functions of urbanization, NPP and coyote density and projected abundance forward to test eight hypothetical scenarios. We estimated initial average deer and coyote densities to be 11.83 (95% CI: 5.64, 20.80) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.02, 1.45) individuals/km<sup>2</sup>, respectively. We found a negative relationship between current levels of coyote density and deer fecundity in most areas which became more negative under hypothetical conditions of lower NPP or higher urbanization, leading to lower projected deer abundances. These results suggest that coyotes could have stronger effects on deer populations in NC if their densities rise, but primarily in less productive and/or more suburban habitats. Our case study provides an example of how IPMs can be used to better understand the complex relationships between predator and prey under changing environmental conditions.</p>
Data archive for the peer-reviewed journal article "Online measurements during simulated atmospheric aging track the strongly increasing oxidative potential of complex combustion aerosols relative to their primary emissions"
<p>This data archive accompanies the article "Online measurements during simulated atmospheric aging track the strongly increasing oxidative potential of complex combustion aerosols relative to their primary emissions", which was accepted in November 2024 in the peer-reviewed journal Environmental Science and Technology Letters. The data archive contains the processed OP_DTT, PM loading, oxidant level, and elemental ratio measurements presented in this journal article. </p>
Adaptation of the Texas Christian University Organisational Readiness for Change Short Form (TCU-ORC-SF) for use in primary health facilities in South Africa
<p><b>Objectives: </b>The Texas Christian University Organisational Readiness for Change Scale (TCU-ORC) assesses factors influencing adoption of evidence-based practices. It has not been validated in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study assessed its psychometric properties in a South African setting with the aim of adapting it into a shorter measure.</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>This study was conducted in 24 South African primary health care clinics in the Western Cape Province. The TCU-ORC and two other measures, the Organisational Readiness to Change Assessment (ORCA) and the Checklist for Assessing Readiness for Implementation (CARI) were administered. The questionnaire was re-administered after 2 weeks to obtain data on test-retest reliability. Three hundred and ninety-five surveys were completed: 281 participants completed the first survey, and 118 re-completed the assessments.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>We used exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to identify latent dimensions represented in the data. Cronbach's alpha for each subscale was assessed and we examined the extent to which the subscales and total scale scores for the first and retest surveys correlated. Convergent validity was assessed by the correlation coefficient between the TCU-ORC, ORCA and CARI total scale scores. EFA resulted in a three-factor solution.<b> </b>The three subscales proposed are Clinic Organisational Climate (8 items), Motivational Readiness for Change (13 items), and Individual Change Efficacy (5 items) (26 items total). Cronbach's alpha for each subscale was >.80. The overall shortened scale had a test-retest correlation of <i>r = </i>.80, <i>p </i>< 0.01, acceptable convergent validity with the ORCA scale (<i>r</i> = .56, <i>p </i>< .05), moderate convergence with the CARI (<i>r = </i>39, p<i><</i>.05) and strong correlation with the original scale (r = 0.79, p <i>< </i>.05).</p> <p><b>Conclusions: </b>This study presents the first psychometric data on the TCU-ORC from a LMIC. The proposed shortened tool may be more feasible for use in LMICs.</p>
Analysis of Whistler-Mode and Z-Mode Emission in the Juno Primary Mission
<p>This is the supporting data set for the paper by the same title published in AGU JGR Space Physics, <a href="https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JA029885">10.1029/2021JA029885</a></p> <p><strong>Key Points:</strong></p> <ul> <li>Jovian whistler-mode chorus and Z-mode intensity distributions are surveyed and analyzed at the end of the Juno primary mission</li> <li>Bursty low frequency whistler mode emission implies electrons energies exceeding 100 keV</li> <li>Jovian whistler mode chorus and Z-mode intensity are parametrically fit to frequency, M-shell, and mag-latitude.</li> </ul> <p><strong>Abstract</strong></p> <p>At the end of the Juno primary mission we report observations of whistler mode chorus and Z-mode emission. The Juno orbits are evolving and much better coverage of the whistler mode chorus source region has resulted since the earlier surveys. Bursty chorus emission extending to ~30° latitude and to frequencies less than the lower hybrid frequency near the source region imply high electron energies (>100 keV). Average chorus intensity levels peak at ~10<sup>-3</sup> nT<sup>2</sup> near M-shell of 8-9 and magnetic latitude of ~5°. Z-mode emission is identified at higher latitudes generally near and inward of the Io torus with intensity levels as much as two orders of magnitude higher than Z-mode emissions observed at Saturn. Inferred source regions for the Z-mode are consistent with the inner edge of the Io torus and with auroral field lines that may also support Jovian kilometric and decametric emission. Parametric fitting functions are evaluated for both whistler mode chorus and Z-mode, describing wave intensity as a function of frequency, magnetic latitude, and M-shell. Both whistler mode and Z-mode waves may have significant impact on electron scattering and acceleration at Jupiter as recent models indicate.</p>
Primary Data of https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27286-5
<p>Raw single-molecule total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy images underlying the main figures of the paper <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27286-5">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-27286-5</a>.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.