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1,308 results for “Vehicle”
Data from: A view from above: A view from above: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) provide a new tool for assessing liana infestation in tropical forest canopies
1. Tropical forests store and sequester large quantities of carbon, mitigating climate change. Lianas (woody vines) are important tropical forest components, most conspicuous in the canopy. Lianas reduce forest carbon uptake and their recent increase may, therefore, limit forest carbon storage with global consequences for climate change. Liana infestation of tree crowns is traditionally assessed from the ground, which is labour-intensive and difficult, particularly for upper canopy layers. 2. We used a light-weight unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to assess liana infestation of tree canopies from above. We used a commercially available quadcopter UAV with an integrated, standard three-waveband camera to collect aerial image data for 150ha of tropical forest canopy. By visually interpreting the images, we assessed the degree of liana infestation for 14.15ha of forest for which ground-based estimates were collected simultaneously. We compared the UAV liana infestation estimates with those from the ground to determine the validity, strengths and weaknesses of using UAVs as a new method for assessing liana infestation of tree canopies. 3. Estimates of liana infestation from UAV correlated strongly with ground-based surveys at individual tree and plot level, and across multiple forest types and spatial resolutions, improving liana infestation assessment for upper canopy layers. Importantly, UAV-based surveys, including the image collection, processing and visual interpretation, were considerably faster and more cost-efficient than ground-based surveys. 4. Synthesis and applications: UAV image data of tree canopies can be easily captured and used to assess liana infestation at least as accurately as traditional ground data. This novel method promotes reproducibility of results and quality control, and enables additional variables to be derived from the image data. It is more cost-effective, time-efficient and covers larger geographical extents than traditional ground surveys, enabling more comprehensive monitoring of changes in liana infestation over space and time. This is important for assessing liana impacts on the global carbon balance, and particularly useful for forest management where knowledge of the location and change in liana infestation can be used for tailored, targeted and effective management of tropical forests for enhanced carbon sequestration (e.g. REDD+ projects), timber concessions and forest restoration.14-Nov-2018
Data from: Interspecific analysis of vehicle avoidance behavior in birds
Among the most widespread forms of anthropogenic modification of the natural landscape is road construction, with vehicle mortality a major issue affecting amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Why some species are more susceptible to vehicle collision than others, however, is poorly understood. We examine how roadside vegetation patterns, road size, vehicle speed, and brain size influence vehicle avoidance behavior using more than 3700 individuals of 11 species of European birds. We find that on larger roads and at higher vehicle speeds, birds were more likely to fly away from the road than to cross it. Moreover, species with a larger relative brain size flew away from the road more often than species with a small brain size, something that may in part explain interspecies differences in vehicle collision mortality rates. Our results provide important insights into factors that influence vehicle avoidance behavior in birds and show that brain size can be an important trait for adjusting to novelties in their environment.
About prediction of vehicle energy consumption for eco-routing: simulation results
<p>Supplementary materials, experiment results, processing scripts</p>
FIGURE 30 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 30. Photographs in situ. A, Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000, resting on rock, ovigerous female (cl 65.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081538; B, Michelopagurus limaturus (Henderson, 1888), climbing on soft coral; C, Galilia petricola n. sp., ovigerous female (22.2 × 25.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081532, walking on steep slope of rock; D, Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999, male (27.2 × 34.3 mm), JAMSTEC 081539-1, walking on rock.
FIGURE 29 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 29. Photographs in situ. A, Periclimenes sp. riding on the dorsal surface of an unidentified lophiid fish; B, three individuals of Heterocarpus laevigatus Spence Bate, 1888 and one specimen of Chaceon sp.; C, close up of one individual of Herterocarpus laevigatus. Those individuals were not collected.
FIGURE 21. Galilia petricola n in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 21. Galilia petricola n. sp. A–I, holotype, male (23.8 × 25.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 22721; J, paratype, ovigerous female (22.2 × 25.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081532. A, left third maxilliped, outer view; B, J, telson, ventral (outer) view; C, left first gonopod, lateral view; D, same, mesial view; E, same, distal part, outer view; F, same, inner view; G, left second gonopod, lateral view; H, same, mesial view; I, same, ventral (outer) view. Scale bars: 2 mm for A–D, J; 1 mm for E–I.
FIGURE 26. A–E in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 26. A–E, Cyrtomaia micronesica Richer de Forges & Ng, 2007, male (42.5 × 50.5 mm), JAMSTEC 081529-2; F–I, Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999, male (27.2 × 34.3 mm), JAMSTEC018539-1. A, basal segment of left antennal peduncle, anterior view; B, left first gonopod, lateral view; C, same, distal part, lateral view; D, same, mesial view; E, same, distal view; F, left first gonopod, ventral view; G, same, distal part, ventral view; H, same, dorsal (inner) view; I, left second gonopod, lateral view. Scale bars: 2 mm for A, B; 1 mm for C, D, F, I; 0.5 mm for E, G, H.
FIGURE 24 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 24. Cyrtomaia micronesica Richer de Forges & Ng, 2007, male (42.5 × 50.5 mm), JAMSTEC 081529-2, anterior part of cephalothorax and appendages, anterior view.
FIGURE 28 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 28. Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999, carapace in dorsal view;. A, male (27.2 × 34.3 mm), JAMSTEC 081539-1; B, female (33.0 × 47.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081539-2, same lot.
FIGURE 17. Eumunida nikko n in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 17. Eumunida nikko n. sp., holotype, male (pcl 22.8 mm), NSMT-Cr 22720, in aquarium, showing coloration in life.
FIGURE 13. Eumunida nikko n in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 13. Eumunida nikko n. sp., holotype, male (pcl 22.8 mm), NSMT-Cr 22720, entire animal in dorsal view (in preservative).
FIGURE 9. Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 9. Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000, ovigerous female (cl 65.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081538. A, anterior part of carapace and antennae, dorsal view; B, telson and uropods, dorsal view.
FIGURE 10. Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 10. Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000, ovigerous female (cl 65.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081538. A, left anterolateral part of carapace, orbit and eye, ventral view (setae omitted); B, left antennal peduncle, ventral view (setae omitted); C, left third maxilliped, outer view (setae omitted). Scale bar: 5 mm.
FIGURE 22 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 22. Cyrtomaia micronesica Richer de Forges & Ng, 2007, male (42.5 × 50.5 mm), JAMSTEC 081529-2, entire animal in dorsal view (in preservative).
FIGURE 19. Galilia petricola n in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 19. Galilia petricola n. sp., holotype, male (23.8 × 25.2 mm), NSMT-Cr 22721. A, carapace, dorsal view; B, anterior part of cephalothorax, anterior view; C, posterior part of carapace and first and second abdominal somites, posterior view; D, posterior part of carapace, abdomen, and thoracic sternum, posteroventral view; E, close up of frontal region of carapace, anterior view; F, abdomen, telson and thoracic sternum, ventral view.
FIGURE 27 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 27. Progeryon mus Ng & Guinot, 1999, male (27.2 × 34.3 mm), JAMSTEC 081539-1, entire animal in dorsal view (in preservative).
FIGURE 6. Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 6. Homeryon armarium Galil, 2000, ovigerous female (cl 65.0 mm), JAMSTEC 081538. A, entire animal, dorsal view, in aquarium, showing coloration in life; B, same, lateral view, in preservative.
FIGURE 5. Plesionika unicolor n in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 5. Plesionika unicolor n. sp., holotype, ovigerous female (pcl 13.0 mm), NSMT-Cr 22719, in aquarium, showing coloration in life.
FIGURE 4. Plesionika unicolor n in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 4. Plesionika unicolor n. sp., holotype, ovigerous female (pcl 13.0 mm), NSMT-Cr 22719, thoracic appendages, lateral view. A, left third maxilliped; B, left first pereopod; C, left second pereopod; D, right second pereopod; E, right third pereopod; F, left fourth pereopod; G, left fifth pereopod. Scale bar: 2 mm.
FIGURE 1 in Deep-Sea decapod crustaceans (Caridea, Polychelida, Anomura and Brachyura) collected from the Nikko Seamounts, Mariana Arc, using a remotely operated vehicle " Hyper-Dolphin "
FIGURE 1. Map showing the location of the Northeast Nikko Seamount and tracking of the operation of ROV "Hyper- Dolphin" during the dive #1165.
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