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FIGURE 2 in Isophya sicula sp. n. (Orthoptera: Tettigonioidea), a new, morphologically cryptic bush-cricket species from the Eastern Carpathians (Romania) recognized from its peculiar male calling song

FIGURE 2. Power spectra of the male calling song of Isophya sicula sp. n. (‒), Isophya camptoxypha(−) and Isophya posthumoidalis(…). (FFT size 1024 points, window function Blackmann-Harris)

opennotspecifiedDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 1 in The advertisement call and geographic distribution of Proceratophrys dibernardoi Brandão, Caramaschi, Vaz-Silva & Campos 2013 (Anura, Odontophrynidae)

FIGURE 1. (A) Distribution of Proceratophrys dibernadoi. Yellow star: new record, municipality of Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil; black circles: records from literature (Brandão et al. 2013): State of Mato Grosso: 1 = Barra do Garças, 2 = Santa Rita do Araguaia, 3 = Alto Taquari; State of Goiás: 4 = Mineiros (type locality), 5 = Jataí, 6 = Rio Verde, 7 = Aporé. (C) Power spectrum (top), audiospectrogram (middle) and oscilogram (bottom) of the advertisement call of P. diberbardoi (air temperature 24.2°C) from the municipality of Jataí, Goiás, Brazil.

opennotspecifiedDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 1 in The advertisement call of Stumpffia be Köhler, Vences, D'Cruze & Glaw, 2010 (Anura: Microhylidae: Cophylinae)

FIGURE 1. Calling specimen of Stumpffia be in (a) lateral and (b) dorsal view, with arrows indicating the diagnostic orangish-red colour on the hidden portions of the leg; Spectrograms of (c) a single call and (d) the full recorded call series; Waveforms (e) of a single call and (f) of the full recorded call; (g) Frequency spectrum of one call (FFT size 1024, Hanning window). (c), (e), and (g) refer to the same call (third in the series).

FIGURE 6. Male calling song. A in Taxonomy of Anterastes and related genera: a new synonym and a new species of Anterastes

FIGURE 6. Male calling song. A—Irregular echemes in A. burri, B—A group of syllables in A. burri, C—Regular echemes in A. babadaghi, D—A group of syllables in A. babadaghi.

FIGURE 5 in Calls of five species of the Scinax ruber (Anura: Hylidae) clade from Brazil with comments on their taxonomy

FIGURE 5. Audiospectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of advertisement call of Scinax eurydice (A) and S. hayii (B). A) Scinax eurydice recording from Atibaia, São Paulo State, at PFI; air = 22.0 ºC and water = 21.0 ºC; 18:58 h. December 2009. AAG record file: Scinax_eurydice1eSPAAGmt_13.4s. Figure settings: FFT=256 points. Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 4940. B) Scinax hayii recording from Itapeva, Minas Gerais State; air = 20.1 ºC and water = 19.6 ºC; 20:00 h. January 2009. AAG record file: Scinax_hayiiSP1AAGmt_21.6s. Figure settings: FFT=256 points. Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 4603.

FIGURE 3 in Calls of five species of the Scinax ruber (Anura: Hylidae) clade from Brazil with comments on their taxonomy

FIGURE 3. Audiospectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of advertisement call of Scinax crospedospilus (A) and S. duartei (B). A) Scinax crospedospilus recording from Atibaia, São Paulo State, at PFI. Another male than that in Fig. 2B to show intermale variation in dominant frequency band location; in this case the highest energy is in the lower-frequency band. Remaining data as in Fig. 2B; 22:45 h. AAG record file: Scinax_crospedosSP2bAAG_1.8s. Figure settings: FFT=128 points. Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 4943. B) Scinax duartei recording from Itamonte, Minas Gerais State, at Brejo da Lapa, in the Itatiaia National Park; air = 7.4 ºC and water = 12.4 ºC; 20:11 h. September 2009. AAG record file: Scinax_duarteiMG2aLM_AAGmt_25.4s. Figure settings: FFT=128 points. Unvouchered specimen.

FIGURE 2 in Calls of five species of the Scinax ruber (Anura: Hylidae) clade from Brazil with comments on their taxonomy

FIGURE 2. Audiospectrogram (top) and oscillogram (below) of advertisement call of Scinax acuminatus (A) and S. crospedospilus (B). A) Scinax acuminatus recording from Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul State; air = 27.0 ºC; 19:46 h. December 2010. AAG record file: Scinax_acuminMS1aLM_AAGmt_27s. Figure settings: FFT=256 points. Unvouchered specimen. B) Scinax crospedospilus recording from Atibaia, São Paulo State, at PFI; air = 17.6 ºC and water = 18.4 ºC; 22:32 h. October 2009. AAG record file: Scinax_crospedosSP1bAAG_3s. Figure settings: FFT=128 points. Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 4942.

FIGURE 1. A in Calls of five species of the Scinax ruber (Anura: Hylidae) clade from Brazil with comments on their taxonomy

FIGURE 1. A) An adult male Scinax acuminatus in life (Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 293; 38.1 mm SVL) from Aquidauana, Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) State, Brazil. B) An adult male Scinax crospedospilus in life (Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 4942; 30.1 mm SVL) from Atibaia, São Paulo (SP) State, Brazil, at Parque Florestal do Itapetinga (PFI). C) An adult male Scinax duartei in life (unvouchered specimen) from Brejo da Lapa, Itamonte municipality, Minas Gerais (MG) State, Brazil. Photo provided by I.A. Martins; D) An adult male Scinax eurydice in life (Voucher specimen AAG-UFU 4940; 50.1 mm SVL) from Atibaia (SP), Brazil, at PFI.

FIGURE 4 in Calls of five species of the Scinax ruber (Anura: Hylidae) clade from Brazil with comments on their taxonomy

FIGURE 4. Power spectrum of advertisement calls of Scinax crospedospilus and S. hayii showing its emphasized energy and respective peaks of frequency. (A) S. crospedospilus, showing the high-frequency band (HFB) as dominant; same call of fig. 2B. (B) S. crospedospilus, showing the low-frequency band (LFB) with higher energy; same call of fig. 3A. (C) S. hayii, showing the LFB with higher energy; same specimen and data of fig. 5B. (D) S. hayii, showing within-individual spectral variation, with the HFB with almost the same energy than the LFB; same specimen and data of fig. 5B.

FIGURE 12 in A review of the milliped genus Haplogonopus with commentary on the so-called " Charactopygus-Bildung " modification of spirostreptid paraprocts (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)

FIGURE 12. Tanzania and adjacent countries, showing known localities of the three species of Haplogonopus. Star, H. jeanneli; square, H. inflatannulus; triangle, H. cingulatus.

FIGURES 6–9 in A review of the milliped genus Haplogonopus with commentary on the so-called " Charactopygus-Bildung " modification of spirostreptid paraprocts (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)

FIGURES 6–9. Haplogonopus, gonopod structure of three species. 6. H. inflatannulus, right gonopod, anterior aspect. 7. H. jeanneli, left gonopod, anterior aspect (adapted from Brolemann, 1920). 8. H.cingulatus, right gonopod, anterior aspect. 9. Midlength section of posttorsal telopodite, enlarged, to show form of cingulum. Abbreviations: a, apicomedial process of proplica; atp, antetorsal process of telopodite, mp, distal end of metaplica.

FIGURES 1–5. Haplogonopus inflatannulus Verhoeff., structural features. 1 in A review of the milliped genus Haplogonopus with commentary on the so-called " Charactopygus-Bildung " modification of spirostreptid paraprocts (Diplopoda: Spirostreptidae)

FIGURES 1–5. Haplogonopus inflatannulus Verhoeff., structural features. 1. Gnathochilarium and adjacent parts of mandibles and collum. 2. Right mandible, posterior aspect, with distal lobe of basomere indicated by the ↔. 3. First pair of legs of male, syncoxa, sternum, and basal podomeres, anterior aspect. 4. The same, posterior aspect, sclerite of uncertain identity indicated by the? 5. Dorsal half of three midbody segments, lateral aspect, showing convex metazona with ovoid depressions.

FIGURES 31–36 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 31–36. Calling songs of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp and Oecanthus lineolatus. 31—spectrogram of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 32—spectrogram of Oecanthus lineolatus; 33—oscillograms of Oecanthus pallidus n. sp., a–chirp beginning with two isolated pulses (arrow), b–amplitude variation in the first pulse (arrow), c–broken chirp (arrow); 34—oscillograms of Oecanthus lineolatus, a–broken chirp (arrow), b–regular train of pulses, c–amplitude variation in the first pulses (arrow), A–chirp first pulse, B–chirp last pulse, C–chirp duration, D–chirp period; 35—regresson lines showing the effect of temperature on pulse rate for both species; 36—relationship between pulse rate and frequency in both species.

FIGURES 21–25. Oecanthus lineolatus genitalia. 21 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 21–25. Oecanthus lineolatus genitalia. 21—genitalia, diagonal, 22—lateral; 23—phallic sclerites, dorsal; 24—ventral, 25—lateral. Conventions: M-End.Sc—Median endophallic sclerite; L-End.Sc—lateral endophallic sclerite; End.Sc.p—endophallic sclerite posterior lobes; Ect.Sc—ectophallic sclerite; Ect.F—ectophallic fold; Dc—dorsal cavity; MLPs—main lobe of pseudepiphallus; R—rami; ss—spermatophore sac; amp—spermatophore ampulla; st—spermatophore

FIGURES 17–20 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 17–20. Male subgenital and supra-anal plates. 17—Oecanthus lineolatus supra-anal plate, 19—subgential plate; 18—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. supra-anal plate, 20—subgential plate.

FIGURES 15–16. Metanotal glands. 15—Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 15–16. Metanotal glands. 15—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 16—Oecanthus lineolatus. Conventions: Sc—scutum; St—scutellum; ss—scutoscutellar suture; tb—tuft of bristles; pml—posterior median lobe.

FIGURES 9–14. Legs and tegmina. 9t in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 9–14. Legs and tegmina. 9t—Oecanthus lineolatus tympanum, 10—hind femur, 11a, b, c—outer apical spurs, 12d, e, f, g—inner apical spurs; 13—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. right tegmen, dorsal; 14—Oecanthus lineolatus right tegmen, dorsal.

FIGURES 5–8. Male head, dorsal. 5, 7—Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 5–8. Male head, dorsal. 5, 7—Oecanthus pallidus n. sp.; 6, 8—Oecanthus lineolatus. Arrow: maxillary palpi fifth joint depression.

FIGURES 1–2. Oecanthus pallidus n in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 1–2. Oecanthus pallidus n. sp. 1—holotype male, habitus, dorsal view; 2—female, habitus, dorsal view

FIGURES 43–46 in A new species of Oecanthus and Oecanthus lineolatus Saussure, 1897 from Southern Brazil: species description, including phallic sclerites, metanotal glands and calling song (Orthoptera: Gryllidae: Oecanthinae)

FIGURES 43–46. Habitat of O. pallidus n. sp. and Oecanthus lineolatus. 43—native trees and shrubs bordering tobacco plantation; 44—Tobacco's flowers, arrows indicate hole in the corolla; 45—Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in the tobacco leaf border, 46—Oecanthus lineolatus stridulating in a chewed oval-shaped hole in the center of the leaf.