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opennotspecifiedFeb 2024View details →

Figure 1 in Green, charismatic, microendemic, and threatened: breeding biology of the leaf frog Pithecopus rusticus (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae)

Figure 1. Study area of the natural history of Pithecopus rusticus, in the municipality of Água Doce, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2024View details →

Figure 2 in Green, charismatic, microendemic, and threatened: breeding biology of the leaf frog Pithecopus rusticus (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae)

Figure 2. Number of recaptures of each individual in the breeding seasons of 2015/16 (A) and 2017/18 (B) in the municipality of Água Doce, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil.

opennotspecifiedFeb 2024View details →

Figure 6 in Green, charismatic, microendemic, and threatened: breeding biology of the leaf frog Pithecopus rusticus (Anura: Hylidae: Phyllomedusinae)

Figure 6. Pithecopus rusticus pairs in amplexus (A) and spawning in Senecio leaf (B). Photos: VIMB (A) and JPB (B).

opencc-zeroOct 2021View details →

Map of the proportion of threatened endemic species per country in relation with environmental and socioeconomic drivers

This dataset is a shapefile representing the proportion of threatened endemic species (both plants and animals) in 247 countries along with associated environmental and socioeconomic drivers. The geographic coordinate system is World Geodetic System 1984 (EPSG: 4326).

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Seed size and capitulum position drive germination and dormancy responses to projected warming for the threatened dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri (Asteraceae)

Among coastal plant species at risk from rapid environmental changes is the North American Great Lakes dune endemic Cirsium pitcheri. Despite being listed as federally threatened, little is known about how C. pitcheri seed attributes influence germination and dormancy-break patterns in the context of climate change. Following a previous work where we found differences in the number and weight of C. pitcheri seeds among capitulum positions and study sites, here we examine the effects of seed attributes (capitulum position, seed weight and site of origin) on the proportion and timing of C. pitcheri seed germination under temperature treatments that simulate projected warming in the Great Lakes (20/10°C, 25/10°C and 30/10°C day/night). Our results demonstrate that C. pitcheri produces diverse cohorts of seeds with seed attributes that significantly influence the timing and probability of germination over a three-year soil seed bank. C. pitcheri seed germination proportions were highest at 20°C and decreased successively at 25°C and 30°C. Seeds from terminal capitula had higher germination proportions and took longer to germinate than those from secondary capitula. The effect of seed weight on germination probability also depended on site of origin and capitulum position, with all effects varying in size and significance over time. Our results highlight the considerable differences in germination patterns exhibited by seeds from different capitulum positions and sites of origin and provide insight into the dormancy-break patterns that C. pitcheri might experience under the predicted temperature rise in the Great Lakes region of North America.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Civil War hinders crop production and threatens food security in Syria

Satellite-based annual productive cropland maps (30 m, 1998-2019) and annual night-time lights maps (1 km, 1992-2019) over Syria.

opencc-zeroNov 2021View details →

Habitat Selection by a Threatened Desert Amphibian

Aim. Habitat degradation and fragmentation are major drivers of amphibian declines. The loss of environmental features that allow for movement between water sources may be particularly detrimental for amphibians in arid environments. Climate changes will increase the importance of microhabitats to amphibians. Enhancing areas to facilitate movement may be a necessary conservation strategy for many animal species that depend on wetlands, including federally-threatened Chiricahua leopard frogs (Lithobates chiricahuensis). Habitat preferences of this frog species are not well understood. We sought to better understand fine-scale habitat selection, to inform conservation of Chiricahua leopard frogs. Location. We conducted our study on the Ladder Ranch, a privately-owned working bison ranch in New Mexico, USA that supports a large proportion of the remaining Chiricahua leopard frogs in the state. Methods. We attached radio transmitters to 44 frogs during summer 2014. We located each frog daily for up to 8 weeks (median = 30 days). We assessed fine-scale habitat selection by comparing characteristics at each frog location and a random location 5 meters away using conditional logistic regression. Results. Frogs preferred features that likely reduce desiccation, even after accounting for the presence of water. Frogs selected areas with more low-lying cover, especially aquatic vegetation and woody debris, a tree overstory, and a mud substrate. Main Conclusions. We recommend managing potential movement corridors for Chiricahua leopard frogs by ensuring the presence of muddy creek bottoms, woody debris, riparian overstory, low-lying ground cover, and pools. Microclimates created by these features seem especially valuable given warming temperatures and modified precipitation regimes, resulting in decreased surface water, soil moisture, and vegetation cover. Retaining or creating preferred habitat features and microclimates in areas between water sources may increase connectivity among isolated populations of Chiricahua leopard frogs and could improve persistence and recovery of other water-obligate species in arid landscapes.

opennotspecifiedNov 2020View details →

Figure 2 in Reproductive biology of direct developing and threatened frog Adelophryne maranguapensis (Anura, Eleutherodactylidae) reveals a cryptic reproductive mode for anurans and the first record of parental care for the genus

Figure 2. Climatic parameters in Serra de Maranguape between the months of April 2010 and April 2012. Precipitation (columns); maximum relative humidity of air (blue line), minimum relative humidity of air (blue dashes), maximum temperature (red line), minimum temperature (red dashes), musical note (occurrence of vocalisations), egg (presence of egg masses); * without field work.

opencc-zeroDec 2021View details →

Supplementary material 1 from: Muraro M, Romagnoli S, Barzaghi B, Falaschi M, Manenti R, Ficetola GF (2021) Invasive predators induce plastic and adaptive responses during embryo development in a threatened frog. NeoBiota 70: 69-86. https://doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.70.65454

Geographic coordinates of the monitored sites and the significance of the independent variables in the three parental investment mixed models.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2022View details →

Affordable prices without threatening the oncological R&D pipeline - An economic experiment on transparency in price negotiations

This is the data repository of an economic experiment on the effects of transparency regulations, conducted by the Netherlands Cancer Institute and the University of Amsterdam. We replicated the EU pharmaceutical market in a laboratory setting. In a randomized-controlled study, we analyzed how participants, 400 students located in 4 European countries, negotiated in the current system of Price Secrecy in comparison to innovative bargaining settings where either prices only (Price Transparency) or prices and R&D costs (Full Transparency) were made transparent to buyers.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Coastal infrastructure alters behavior and increases predation mortality of threatened Puget Sound steelhead smolts

Fundamental movements of migratory species can be substantially influenced by marine habitat disruptions caused by coastal infrastructure. The Hood Canal Bridge (HCB) spans the northern outlet of Hood Canal in the Salish Sea, extends 4.6 meters (15 ft) underwater, and forms a partial barrier for steelhead migrating from Hood Canal to the Pacific Ocean. Spatial mark-recapture survival models using acoustic telemetry data indicate that only 49% (2017; 95% CI = 40, 58%) and 56% (2018; 95% CI = 48, 65%) of the steelhead smolts encountering the HCB survived past the bridge and 7 km to the next array. We studied fine-scale movements of more than 300 steelhead smolts to understand how migration behavior was affected across the entire length of the HCB and to quantify spatial and temporal patterns of mortality. Individually coded acoustic telemetry transmitters implanted in juvenile steelhead were used in conjunction with an extensive array of acoustic receivers surrounding the HCB to obtain approximations of the path each steelhead took as they encountered the bridge structure. Steelhead survival past the HCB appeared unaffected by tidal stage, population-of-origin, approach location, current velocity, or time of day, but was influenced by week of bridge encounter. Behavioral data from transmitters with temperature and depth sensors ingested by predators are consistent with high levels of marine mammal predation. This study confirms the considerable impact of the HCB on ESA-listed steelhead smolt survival, and provides detailed information on the behavior of steelhead smolts and their predators at the HCB for use in planning recovery actions.

opencc-zeroJan 2022View details →

Predicting habitat suitability for wild deer in relation to threatened ecological communities in south-eastern New South Wales, Australia

Context. High density deer populations can cause ecological damage, yet their distribution and impacts are poorly known across much of Australia. As a result, land managers rely on anecdotal reports to make decisions about management and control measures. Aims. We aimed to model habitat suitability for deer in the South Coast of New South Wales (NSW), Australia, to be used as a baseline for future management and identify which threatened ecological communities (TECs) in the region are at greatest current risk of being occupied by deer. Methods. We compiled 678 presence-only records of wild deer from online databases, observations made by National Parks and Wildlife Service field staff and field-based surveys. We combined these observations with eight environmental variables to model and map habitat suitability for deer across our study area using maximum entropy. Three spatial models of habitat suitability across our study area were produced: one for all deer species; and two species-specific models for fallow and sambar deer. Key results. Our models indicate that suitable habitat for deer exists throughout much of the South Coast of NSW. Of the TECs examined, Coastal Saltmarsh, Themeda Grassland, and Swamp Sclerophyll Forest had the highest proportion of area likely to be extremely suitable for deer and thus should be prioritised for protection within our study area. Conclusions. Further systematic field-based surveys are needed to improve the quality of models in this region. Implications. We recommend that areas having high habitat suitability but are not yet occupied by deer be identified as sites where deer occupancy could be prevented.

opencc-zeroFeb 2022View details →

Taxonomy based on limited genomic markers may underestimates species diversity of rockhopper penguins and threaten their conservation

Delimiting recently diverged species is challenging. During speciation, genetic differentiation may be distributed unevenly across the genome, as different genomic regions can be subject to different selective pressures and evolutionary histories. Reliance on limited numbers of genetic markers that may be underpowered can make species delimitation even more challenging, potentially resulting in taxonomic inconsistencies. Rockhopper penguins of the genus Eudyptes comprise three broadly recognized taxa: northern (E. moseleyi), southern (E. chrysocome), and eastern rockhopper (E. filholi). Their taxonomic status has been controversial for decades, with researchers disagreeing about whether E. chrysocome and E. filholiare distinct species or conspecific. Our goal is to evaluate genome-wide patterns of divergence to evaluate genetic differentiation and species delimitation in rockhopper penguins, and to assess which mechanisms may underlie previous discordance among nuclear versus mitochondrial analyses. We generated reduced-representation genomic libraries using Double Digest Restriction-site Associated DNA (ddRAD) sequencing to evaluate genetic differentiation, contemporary migration rates and admixture among colonies of rockhopper penguins. The extent of genetic differentiation among the three taxa was consistently higher than population-level genetic differentiation found within these and other penguin species. There was no evidence of admixture among the three taxa, suggesting the absence of ongoing gene flow among them. Species delimitation analyses based on molecular data, along with other lines of evidence, provide strong support for the taxonomic distinction of three species of rockhopper penguins. Our results provide strong support for the existence of three distinct species of rockhopper penguins. The recognition of this taxonomic diversity is crucial for the management and conservation of this widely distributed species group. This study illustrates that widespread dispersive seabird lineages lacking obvious morphological differences may nevertheless have complex evolutionary histories and comprise cryptic species diversity.

FIGURE 12 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 12. Moojenodesmus schubarti sp. nov., male paratype. A. Leg 9, lateral view. B. Right gonopod, posterior view. C & D. Left gonopod, mesal and lateral views, respectively. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A) and 0.1 mm (B–D). Abbreviations: ex, exomere; sl, solenomere.

FIGURE 11 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 11. Moojenodesmus schubarti sp. nov., male paratype. A–C. Anterior part of body, dorsal, lateral and ventral views, respectively. D–F. Posterior half of body, dorsal, lateral and ventral views, respectively. Abbreviation: h, hump. Photographs by K.V. Makarov, taken not to scale.

FIGURE 7 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 7. SEM micrographs of Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov., male paratype. A & B. Middle and posterior parts of body, respectively, ventral views. C. Cross-section of a midbody ring, posterior view. D. Midbody leg, lateral view. E. Both gonopods, anterior view. F. Right gonopod, lateral view. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A–C), 0.3 mm (D), 0.2 mm (E) and 0.1 mm (F). Abbreviations: ex, exomere; sl, solenomere.

FIGURE 9 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 9. Phaneromerium trglopterygotum sp. nov. in natural habitat. A. Specimen on clay substrate. B. Sediment bank composed of clay and of millipede feces. C. Sediment bank with bat guano. D. Some millipede specimens on clay with bat guano. Photograph A, courtesy Jonas Gallão.

FIGURE 10 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 10. Map of Gruna da Serra Verde cave with the sections where specimens of Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov. were found. Use authorized by Grupo Bambuí de Pesquisas Espeleológicas.

FIGURE 6 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 6. SEM micrographs of Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov., male paratype. A. Head, anterior view. B. Head, ventral view. C. Anterior part of body, lateral view. D–F. Anterior, middle and posterior parts of body, respectively, dorsal views. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A) and 0.5 mm (B–F).

FIGURE 2 in Two new species of the millipede family Trichopolydesmidae from Bahia state northeastern Brazil, including a remarkable threatened troglobiont (Diplopoda, Polydesmida)

FIGURE 2. Outcrops close to the entrance to Gruna da Serra Verde cave (left) and a humid microhabitat within the aphotic zone inside (right). The type locality of Phaneromerium troglopterygotum sp. nov., Coribe municipality, Bahia state, Brazil.