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FIGURE 5. P. vanensis A in Pastinaca vanensis (Apiaceae), a new species from Turkey

FIGURE 5. P. vanensis A- dorsal vittae, B- commisural vittae C- cross section of mericarp (a-hairs, b-dorsal vascular bundle, c-dorsal vittae, d-commisural vittae, e-mericarp wing margin) (scale 1 mm)

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FIGURE. Seedlings, seeds, embryos, anthers, and pollen in Dicorynia. A–D. Different stages of development in seedlings of D. paraensis, First eophiles unifoliolate and opposite; E–G. Seed of D. guianensis: E. External surface; F. Endosperm of the longitudinally sectioned seed, note the slightly gelatinous upper region; G. Cotyledon and embryo of longitudinally sectioned seed; H. SEM of seed's testa in D. paraensis; I. SEM of endosperm's surface in D. guianensis (notice the presence of circular perforations); J–K. SEM of the hypocotyl-radicular axis of the seed in D. guianensis and D. paraensis; L. SEM of seed's testa in D. guianensis; M–N. SEM of plumule region in embryo of D. guianensis and D. paraensis (note the developed leaf primordia); O. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. paraensis, showing 4 sporangia and two pores covered by an apicle; P. Apex of anther in shorter stamen of D. guianensis, at least 9 sporangia; Q. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. guianensis, 8 sporangia; R. Pollen grains in D. paraensis. A–D: Falcão, M.J. 91; E–G, I–J, L–M: Gentry 63030; H, K, N: Berry, P.E. 7460; O: Amaral, E. 618; P, Q: Unknown collector MO1576407; Scale bar. A–D: 2cm; E–G: 3mm; H–L: 1mm; M–N: 100 μm; O-Q: 200μm; R: 5 μm. in A Taxonomic Revision of the Amazonian Genus Dicorynia (Fabaceae: Dialioideae)

FIGURE. Seedlings, seeds, embryos, anthers, and pollen in Dicorynia. A–D. Different stages of development in seedlings of D. paraensis, First eophiles unifoliolate and opposite; E–G. Seed of D. guianensis: E. External surface; F. Endosperm of the longitudinally sectioned seed, note the slightly gelatinous upper region; G. Cotyledon and embryo of longitudinally sectioned seed; H. SEM of seed's testa in D. paraensis; I. SEM of endosperm's surface in D. guianensis (notice the presence of circular perforations); J–K. SEM of the hypocotyl-radicular axis of the seed in D. guianensis and D. paraensis; L. SEM of seed's testa in D. guianensis; M–N. SEM of plumule region in embryo of D. guianensis and D. paraensis (note the developed leaf primordia); O. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. paraensis, showing 4 sporangia and two pores covered by an apicle; P. Apex of anther in shorter stamen of D. guianensis, at least 9 sporangia; Q. Apex of anther in longer stamen of D. guianensis, 8 sporangia; R. Pollen grains in D. paraensis. A–D: Falcão, M.J. 91; E–G, I–J, L–M: Gentry 63030; H, K, N: Berry, P.E. 7460; O: Amaral, E. 618; P, Q: Unknown collector MO1576407; Scale bar. A–D: 2cm; E–G: 3mm; H–L: 1mm; M–N: 100 μm; O-Q: 200μm; R: 5 μm.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.cepapiA.Smith,1836—SBotswana,Zimbabwe,andNESouthAfrica(TransvaalProvince). P.c.bororensisRoberts,1946—Mozambique,near"Namabieda,"Boror,NoftheZambeziRiver. P.c.carpiLundholm,1955—confluenceoftheMessenguéziandZambezirivers(Mozambique). P.c.cepapoidesRoberts,1946—Mozambique(Zimbiti,Beira). P. c. chobiensis Roberts, 1932 — S Angola, N Namibia, and N Botswana. P.c.phalaenaThomas,1926—Namibia(C&NWOvamboland). P.c.quotusWroughton,1909—SDRCongo(SEKatanga). P.c.sindiThomas&Wroughton,1908—SMalawiandZambeziRiverinTeteProvince(Mozambique). P.c.soccatusWroughton,1909—NoftheZambeziRiver,nearVwazaattheHeweRiverinMalawi. P. c. yulei Thomas, 1902 — NE Zambia, W Tanzania, and N Malawi. Subspeciesaffiliation of remaining regionsis unclear. in Sciuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.cepapiA.Smith,1836—SBotswana,Zimbabwe,andNESouthAfrica(TransvaalProvince). P.c.bororensisRoberts,1946—Mozambique,near"Namabieda,"Boror,NoftheZambeziRiver. P.c.carpiLundholm,1955—confluenceoftheMessenguéziandZambezirivers(Mozambique). P.c.cepapoidesRoberts,1946—Mozambique(Zimbiti,Beira). P. c. chobiensis Roberts, 1932 — S Angola, N Namibia, and N Botswana. P.c.phalaenaThomas,1926—Namibia(C&NWOvamboland). P.c.quotusWroughton,1909—SDRCongo(SEKatanga). P.c.sindiThomas&Wroughton,1908—SMalawiandZambeziRiverinTeteProvince(Mozambique). P.c.soccatusWroughton,1909—NoftheZambeziRiver,nearVwazaattheHeweRiverinMalawi. P. c. yulei Thomas, 1902 — NE Zambia, W Tanzania, and N Malawi. Subspeciesaffiliation of remaining regionsis unclear.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vexillariusKershaw,1923—EasternArc Mts(Usambara,Uluguru,andUdzungwa) inETanzania. P. v. byatti Kershaw, 1923 — Mt Kilimanjaro (Tanzania). in Sciuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.v.vexillariusKershaw,1923—EasternArc Mts(Usambara,Uluguru,andUdzungwa) inETanzania. P. v. byatti Kershaw, 1923 — Mt Kilimanjaro (Tanzania).

Subspecies and Distribution. H. p. punctatus Temminck, 1853 — Sierra Leone and extreme SW Guinea through Liberia to S Ghana W of Volta River. H. p. savannius Thomas, 1923 — inland savanna regions of Ivory Coast. in Sciuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. H. p. punctatus Temminck, 1853 — Sierra Leone and extreme SW Guinea through Liberia to S Ghana W of Volta River. H. p. savannius Thomas, 1923 — inland savanna regions of Ivory Coast.

Subspecies and Distribution. Ep. pyrropus EF. Cuvier, 1833 — S Cameroon to Mayombe Forest in S Gabon and SW Republic of the Congo. E p. akka de Winton, 1895 — E DR Congo, Uganda, and W Rwanda. FE p. leonis Thomas, 1905 — Liberia and Sierra Leone. E p. leucostigma Temminck, 1853 — S Ghana. Ep. mandingo Thomas, 1903 — Gambia and S Senegal. F.p. nigrensis Thomas, 1909 — S Nigeria, between the Niger and Cross rivers. Ep. niveatus Thomas, 1923 — Ivory Coast. Ep. pembertoni Thomas, 1904 — N Angola and extreme S DR Congo. E p. talboti Thomas, 1909 — Cameroon (Mt Cameroon) and SE Nigeria. in Sciuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. Ep. pyrropus EF. Cuvier, 1833 — S Cameroon to Mayombe Forest in S Gabon and SW Republic of the Congo. E p. akka de Winton, 1895 — E DR Congo, Uganda, and W Rwanda. FE p. leonis Thomas, 1905 — Liberia and Sierra Leone. E p. leucostigma Temminck, 1853 — S Ghana. Ep. mandingo Thomas, 1903 — Gambia and S Senegal. F.p. nigrensis Thomas, 1909 — S Nigeria, between the Niger and Cross rivers. Ep. niveatus Thomas, 1923 — Ivory Coast. Ep. pembertoni Thomas, 1904 — N Angola and extreme S DR Congo. E p. talboti Thomas, 1909 — Cameroon (Mt Cameroon) and SE Nigeria.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.aubinniiGray,1873—IvoryCoastandGhana. P. a. salaeJentink, 1881 — S Guinea, SW Sierra Leone, and Liberia. in Sciuridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.aubinniiGray,1873—IvoryCoastandGhana. P. a. salaeJentink, 1881 — S Guinea, SW Sierra Leone, and Liberia.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.parcaG.M.Allen,1923—SWChina(Yunnan),NE&EMyanmar,andNThailand,WoftheMekongRiver. C. p. lower Osgood, 1932 — known only from the type locality in Chapa (= Sa Pa), Lao Cai Province, NW Vietnam. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.parcaG.M.Allen,1923—SWChina(Yunnan),NE&EMyanmar,andNThailand,WoftheMekongRiver. C. p. lower Osgood, 1932 — known only from the type locality in Chapa (= Sa Pa), Lao Cai Province, NW Vietnam.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.parvusSay,1823—C&EUSAandSWCanadafromSWWyomingandCColoradoEtoNewYork,andfromCWisconsin,CMichigan,andSEOntarioStoTexasandFlorida. C. p. flonidanus Merriam, 1895 — NE Ohio, NW Tennessee, S Georgia, and N & S Florida; distributional limits are uncertain. in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.parvusSay,1823—C&EUSAandSWCanadafromSWWyomingandCColoradoEtoNewYork,andfromCWisconsin,CMichigan,andSEOntarioStoTexasandFlorida. C. p. flonidanus Merriam, 1895 — NE Ohio, NW Tennessee, S Georgia, and N & S Florida; distributional limits are uncertain.

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.pacificusCoues,1877—CoastRangeofWOregon(NWUSA). S. p. cascadensis Carraway, 1990 — Cascade Range of W Oregon (NW USA). in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.pacificusCoues,1877—CoastRangeofWOregon(NWUSA). S. p. cascadensis Carraway, 1990 — Cascade Range of W Oregon (NW USA).

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.palustris|.Richardson,1828—fromEBritishColumbiaandSNorthwestTerritoriesEtoCOntario(Canada)andStoNorthDakotaandMinnesota(NCUSA). S. p. hydrobadistes H. H. T. Jackson, 1926 — from E South Dakota E to Michigan (NC USA). in Soricidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.palustris|.Richardson,1828—fromEBritishColumbiaandSNorthwestTerritoriesEtoCOntario(Canada)andStoNorthDakotaandMinnesota(NCUSA). S. p. hydrobadistes H. H. T. Jackson, 1926 — from E South Dakota E to Michigan (NC USA).

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.pygerythrusF.Cuvier,1821—Botswana,Zimbabwe,SMozambique,Namibia,SouthAfrica(Kwazulu-NatalandTransvaalprovinces),Swaziland,andLesotho,SoftheZambeziRiver. C.p.excubitorSchwarz,1926—NEKenya(PateandMandaIsintheLamuArhipelago). C.p.hilgertiNeumann,1902—SEthiopia(EthiopianRiftValleyandintopartsofthehighlandsEoftheRift),SWSomalia,EUganda,Kenya,andNTanzania. C.p.nesiotesSchwarz,1926—ETanzania(PembaandMafiaIs). C. p. rufoviridis 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843 — SW Uganda (S of Lake Victoria), Rwanda, Burundi, W Tanzania, Malawi, N Mozambique, and E Zambia (E of the Luangwa Valley) to the Zambezi River. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.pygerythrusF.Cuvier,1821—Botswana,Zimbabwe,SMozambique,Namibia,SouthAfrica(Kwazulu-NatalandTransvaalprovinces),Swaziland,andLesotho,SoftheZambeziRiver. C.p.excubitorSchwarz,1926—NEKenya(PateandMandaIsintheLamuArhipelago). C.p.hilgertiNeumann,1902—SEthiopia(EthiopianRiftValleyandintopartsofthehighlandsEoftheRift),SWSomalia,EUganda,Kenya,andNTanzania. C.p.nesiotesSchwarz,1926—ETanzania(PembaandMafiaIs). C. p. rufoviridis 1. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1843 — SW Uganda (S of Lake Victoria), Rwanda, Burundi, W Tanzania, Malawi, N Mozambique, and E Zambia (E of the Luangwa Valley) to the Zambezi River.

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. pileatus Blyth, 1843 — NE India highlands S and E of the Brahmaputra River, in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland (Karbi Anglong Plateau, Barail Range, and Khasi, Garo, Naga, and Jaintia Hills), and in NW Myanmar (W of the Chindwin River, S to Chin Hills Mts and Mt Victoria); the elevational range is 600-3000 m. 1. p. brahma Wroughton, 1916 — NE India, known only from the Dafla Hills, N of the Brahmaputra River, in Arunachal Pradesh State. 1: p. durga Wroughton, 1916 — E Bangladesh and NE India in the states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura (Naga Hills, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, Cachar Hills, Samaguting, and Sibsagar), adjoining the distribution of 7. p. pileatus to the N, but at lower elevations (i.e. from nearly sea level up to 600 m). 1. p. tenebricus Hinton, 1923 — NE India (Assam State) and Bhutan, in the Manas region N of the Brahmaputra River, with an elevational range of 100-2000 m. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. pileatus Blyth, 1843 — NE India highlands S and E of the Brahmaputra River, in the states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, and Nagaland (Karbi Anglong Plateau, Barail Range, and Khasi, Garo, Naga, and Jaintia Hills), and in NW Myanmar (W of the Chindwin River, S to Chin Hills Mts and Mt Victoria); the elevational range is 600-3000 m. 1. p. brahma Wroughton, 1916 — NE India, known only from the Dafla Hills, N of the Brahmaputra River, in Arunachal Pradesh State. 1: p. durga Wroughton, 1916 — E Bangladesh and NE India in the states of Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura (Naga Hills, Lakhimpur, Golaghat, Cachar Hills, Samaguting, and Sibsagar), adjoining the distribution of 7. p. pileatus to the N, but at lower elevations (i.e. from nearly sea level up to 600 m). 1. p. tenebricus Hinton, 1923 — NE India (Assam State) and Bhutan, in the Manas region N of the Brahmaputra River, with an elevational range of 100-2000 m.

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. phayrei Blyth, 1847 — E Bangladesh, NE India (Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura states), and W Myanmar (SE through Arakan to Pegu). I. p. shanicus Wroughton, 1917 — SW China (Yingjiang-Namting River and Tunchong-Homushu Pass districts in W Yunnan Province), and N & E Myanmar (Shan States and neighboring dry zone of N Myanmar). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. 1. p. phayrei Blyth, 1847 — E Bangladesh, NE India (Assam, Mizoram, and Tripura states), and W Myanmar (SE through Arakan to Pegu). I. p. shanicus Wroughton, 1917 — SW China (Yingjiang-Namting River and Tunchong-Homushu Pass districts in W Yunnan Province), and N & E Myanmar (Shan States and neighboring dry zone of N Myanmar).

Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. priam Blyth, 1844 — S & SE India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states), a highly fragmented distribution ranging from the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh S to Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu. S. p. anchises Blyth 1844 — SC India (S Deccan Plateau), found in the districts of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, and in Pavagada in the district of Tumkur, Karnataka. S. p. thersites Blyth 1847 — Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, ranging from Jaffna in the N to the S coast in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S. p. priam Blyth, 1844 — S & SE India (Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu states), a highly fragmented distribution ranging from the Krishna River in Andhra Pradesh S to Tirunelveli in Tamil Nadu. S. p. anchises Blyth 1844 — SC India (S Deccan Plateau), found in the districts of Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, and in Pavagada in the district of Tumkur, Karnataka. S. p. thersites Blyth 1847 — Dry Zone of Sri Lanka, ranging from Jaffna in the N to the S coast

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.vetulusErxleben,1777—SWSriLanka(WetZone),fromKaluRiverStoRama,toanelevationof1000m;thedistributionislessthan5000km?. S.p.monticolaKelaart,1850—MtsofCSriLankaatelevationsof1000-2200m. S.p.nestorBennett,1833—WSriLanka(WetZone),NoftheKaluRiveratelevationsupto1000m. S. p. philbricki Phillips, 1927 — N & E Sri Lanka (Dry Zone) up to elevations of 1500 m in E Matale and Madulkele Hills. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. S.p.vetulusErxleben,1777—SWSriLanka(WetZone),fromKaluRiverStoRama,toanelevationof1000m;thedistributionislessthan5000km?. S.p.monticolaKelaart,1850—MtsofCSriLankaatelevationsof1000-2200m. S.p.nestorBennett,1833—WSriLanka(WetZone),NoftheKaluRiveratelevationsupto1000m. S. p. philbricki Phillips, 1927 — N & E Sri Lanka (Dry Zone) up to elevations of 1500 m in E Matale and Madulkele Hills.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.chrysomelasS.Miller,1838—WBorneo,fromtheIVDivisioninWSarawak,StotheKapuasRiverinWKalimantanProvince. P. c. cruciger Thomas, 1892 — N Borneo, from Melalap in Sabah State to the Baram District in N Sarawak. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.chrysomelasS.Miller,1838—WBorneo,fromtheIVDivisioninWSarawak,StotheKapuasRiverinWKalimantanProvince. P. c. cruciger Thomas, 1892 — N Borneo, from Melalap in Sabah State to the Baram District in N Sarawak.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.f.femoralisMartin,1838—SPeninsularMalaysia(extremeSofPahangandJohorstates)andSingapore. P.f.percuraLyon,1908—CESumatra,inasmallareabetweentheRokanandSiakrivers. P. f. robinsoni Thomas, 1910 — S Myanmar, S Thailand (from 13° 50' N in Phetchaburi Province), and NW Peninsular Malaysia (S to Larut Hills, Perak State). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.f.femoralisMartin,1838—SPeninsularMalaysia(extremeSofPahangandJohorstates)andSingapore. P.f.percuraLyon,1908—CESumatra,inasmallareabetweentheRokanandSiakrivers. P. f. robinsoni Thomas, 1910 — S Myanmar, S Thailand (from 13° 50' N in Phetchaburi Province), and NW Peninsular Malaysia (S to Larut Hills, Perak State).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.comataDesmarest,1822—WJava,fromUjungKulnotoMtLawu;Elimitisunknown. P. c. fredericae Sody, 1930 — C Java, around the slopes of the volcanoes Gunung Slamet, Gunung Cupu, and Diyeng; the extent of its distribution to the W is not known. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.comataDesmarest,1822—WJava,fromUjungKulnotoMtLawu;Elimitisunknown. P. c. fredericae Sody, 1930 — C Java, around the slopes of the volcanoes Gunung Slamet, Gunung Cupu, and Diyeng; the extent of its distribution to the W is not known.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rubicundaS.Miller,1838—Borneo(SEKalimantan,roughlySoftheMahakamRiverandEoftheBaritoRiver). P.r.carimataeG.S.Miller,1906—KarimataI,offWBorneo. P.r.chryseaDavis,1962—NEBorneo,confinedtoaverysmallareainESabahStatenearKinabatangan. P.r.ignitaDollman,1909—Borneo,inSarawakState,fromtheBaramRiverattheborderswithBrunei,andinKalimantanStotheKapuasRiver;possiblyinBrunei. P. r. rubida Lyon, 1911 — Borneo (SW Kalimantan, roughly S of the Kapuas River and W of the Barito River). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.r.rubicundaS.Miller,1838—Borneo(SEKalimantan,roughlySoftheMahakamRiverandEoftheBaritoRiver). P.r.carimataeG.S.Miller,1906—KarimataI,offWBorneo. P.r.chryseaDavis,1962—NEBorneo,confinedtoaverysmallareainESabahStatenearKinabatangan. P.r.ignitaDollman,1909—Borneo,inSarawakState,fromtheBaramRiverattheborderswithBrunei,andinKalimantanStotheKapuasRiver;possiblyinBrunei. P. r. rubida Lyon, 1911 — Borneo (SW Kalimantan, roughly S of the Kapuas River and W of the Barito River).