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Subspecies and Distribution. A. p. preussi Matschie, 1898 — SE Nigeria and SW Cameroon highlands (Cross River Highlands, Korup National Park, Bamenda Highlands, and Mount Cameroon). A. p. insularis Thomas, 1910 — Bioko I (Equatorial Guinea). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. A. p. preussi Matschie, 1898 — SE Nigeria and SW Cameroon highlands (Cross River Highlands, Korup National Park, Bamenda Highlands, and Mount Cameroon). A. p. insularis Thomas, 1910 — Bioko I (Equatorial Guinea).

Subspecies and Distribution. E.p.patasSchreber,1774—sub-SaharanAfricafromSMauritaniaandSenegaltoChadandCentralAfricanRepublic;isolatedpopulationsinhabittherockyAirMassifofNNigerandtheEnnediMassif,Chad. E.p.baumstarkiMatschie,1905—NCTanzania(SerengetiandAthiPlainsandtheWsideofMt.Kilimanjaro),butthedistributionisnotwelldocumented. E. p. pyrrhonotus Hemprich & Erhenburg, 1829 — Sudan (N to Nubia), South Sudan, W Ethiopia, N DR Congo, N Uganda, and Kenya. Introduced into south-western Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Islands. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. E.p.patasSchreber,1774—sub-SaharanAfricafromSMauritaniaandSenegaltoChadandCentralAfricanRepublic;isolatedpopulationsinhabittherockyAirMassifofNNigerandtheEnnediMassif,Chad. E.p.baumstarkiMatschie,1905—NCTanzania(SerengetiandAthiPlainsandtheWsideofMt.Kilimanjaro),butthedistributionisnotwelldocumented. E. p. pyrrhonotus Hemprich & Erhenburg, 1829 — Sudan (N to Nubia), South Sudan, W Ethiopia, N DR Congo, N Uganda, and Kenya. Introduced into south-western Puerto Rico in the Caribbean Islands.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.petauristaSchreber,1774—C&EIvoryCoast(EoftheSassandraRiver),Ghana,andWTogo;possiblyinBenin. C. p. buettikofer: Jentink, 1886 — SE Senegal, S Guinea-Bissau, S Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and W Ivory Coast (W of the Nzo-Sassandra River system). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.petauristaSchreber,1774—C&EIvoryCoast(EoftheSassandraRiver),Ghana,andWTogo;possiblyinBenin. C. p. buettikofer: Jentink, 1886 — SE Senegal, S Guinea-Bissau, S Guinea, Sierra Leone, Liberia, and W Ivory Coast (W of the Nzo-Sassandra River system).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.cynocephalusLinnaeus,1766—Tanzania,Malawi,EZambia(EofLuangwaRiver),andNMozambique. P. c. ibeanus Thomas, 1893 — SE Somalia, E Kenya (including Manda I), and NE Tanzania; possibly in extreme SE Ethiopia but the N limit in Somalia is not known. in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.c.cynocephalusLinnaeus,1766—Tanzania,Malawi,EZambia(EofLuangwaRiver),andNMozambique. P. c. ibeanus Thomas, 1893 — SE Somalia, E Kenya (including Manda I), and NE Tanzania; possibly in extreme SE Ethiopia but the N limit in Somalia is not known.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.pogoniasBennett,1833—SENigeria(fromtheCrossRiver),NWCameroon(NofSanagaRiver),andBiokoI(EquatorialGuinea). C.p.grayiFraser,1850—SCameroon(SofthemiddleSanagaRiver),SWCentralAfricanRepublic,NWDRCongo(EoftheUbangiRiver,WtotheItimbiriRiverBasinNoftheCongoRiver),NEGabon,NRepublicoftheCongo,andpossiblyAngola(Cabinda). C. p. nigripes Du Chaillu, 1860 — Equatorial Guinea, W Gabon, Republic of the Congo (between the Ogooué and Congo rivers). in Cercopithecidae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.pogoniasBennett,1833—SENigeria(fromtheCrossRiver),NWCameroon(NofSanagaRiver),andBiokoI(EquatorialGuinea). C.p.grayiFraser,1850—SCameroon(SofthemiddleSanagaRiver),SWCentralAfricanRepublic,NWDRCongo(EoftheUbangiRiver,WtotheItimbiriRiverBasinNoftheCongoRiver),NEGabon,NRepublicoftheCongo,andpossiblyAngola(Cabinda). C. p. nigripes Du Chaillu, 1860 — Equatorial Guinea, W Gabon, Republic of the Congo (between the Ogooué and Congo rivers).

FIGURE 6. P in Morphological diversification of alien and native aquatic snails of the genus Physa and Aplexa (Gastropoda: Physidae) of Western and Central European range

FIGURE 6. P. acuta shell features (SEM) (10.18150/G6UWMN); in which the sutural belts are visible (A), the structure of a white lip (B) with characteristic projecting lamellar crystals (C) is indicated by an arrow (Phot. A–C M. Gawlak), (D) a view of the lip visible under the stereoscopic microscope (Phot. M. Kanturski).

FIGURE 27. Paraphidnia species. A–B. P. brevicristata. C–D. P. gallina. E–G. P. tunki. A, C, F in The tribe Dysoniini part VI: Phylogeny, biogeography and evolutionary trends of the lichen katydid genera (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Phaneropterinae). Eleventh contribution to the suprageneric organization of Neotropical phaneropterines

FIGURE 27. Paraphidnia species. A–B. P. brevicristata. C–D. P. gallina. E–G. P. tunki. A, C, F. Head and pronotum in lateral view. B, D, G. Cerci in dorsal view. E. Habitus in lateral view.

FIGURES 9–14. Stauroneis lacuspowaiensis Wadmare & B in Revisiting two Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from H. P. Gandhi's Diatom collection: Notes on Ultrastructure, Types and Nomenclature

FIGURES 9–14. Stauroneis lacuspowaiensis Wadmare & B.Karthick nom. nov., stat. nov., SEM, external valve views. 9, 10. External views of an entire valve. 11, 13. Terminal raphe fissures continuing on mantle. 12. Stauros with straight central raphe ends. 14. Irregularly placed areolae (double arrowheads). Scale bars = 4 µm (Figs 9, 10, 12); 1 µm (Figs 11, 13, 14).

FIGURES 32–36. Stauroneis dharwarensis Wadmare & B in Revisiting two Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from H. P. Gandhi's Diatom collection: Notes on Ultrastructure, Types and Nomenclature

FIGURES 32–36. Stauroneis dharwarensis Wadmare & B.Karthick nom. nov., stat. nov., SEM, external valve views. 32, 36. External views of an entire valve. 33. Stauros with tear-drop central raphe ends. 34, 35. Deflected terminal raphe fissures. Scale bars = 4 µm (Figs 32–36).

FIGURES 1–8. Stauroneis lacuspowaiensis Wadmare & B in Revisiting two Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from H. P. Gandhi's Diatom collection: Notes on Ultrastructure, Types and Nomenclature

FIGURES 1–8. Stauroneis lacuspowaiensis Wadmare & B.Karthick nom. nov., stat. nov., 1. Original illustration of Gonzalves & Gandhi (1953: 256, fig. 92). 2–8. Light micrographs (DIC) from the type material (AHMA Sr 5), Fig. 4. represent the lectotype. 4. Irregularly punctate areolae (double arrowheads). 5. Valve with slight undulate sides (arrow). 7. Terminal raphe fissures with bifurcation (arrowhead). Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 19–31. Stauroneis dharwarensis Wadmare & B in Revisiting two Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from H. P. Gandhi's Diatom collection: Notes on Ultrastructure, Types and Nomenclature

FIGURES 19–31. Stauroneis dharwarensis Wadmare & B.Karthick nom. nov., stat. nov., 19. Original illustration of Gandhi (1959a: 104, 105, Fig. 25). 20–31. Light micrographs (DIC) from the type material (AHMA Sr 48), Fig. 24 represents the lectotype. Scale bar = 10 µm.

FIGURES 15–18. Stauroneis lacuspowaiensis Wadmare & B in Revisiting two Stauroneis Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from H. P. Gandhi's Diatom collection: Notes on Ultrastructure, Types and Nomenclature

FIGURES 15–18. Stauroneis lacuspowaiensis Wadmare & B.Karthick nom. nov., stat. nov., SEM, internal valve views. 15. Internal view of an entire valve. 15, 17. Elevated stauros possessing tunnel gap (arrowheads). 17. Areolae irregular covered with hymen structures (double arrowheads). 16, 18. Terminal raphe fissures with helictoglossae. Scale bars = 4 µm (Figs 15–18).

Subspecies and Distribution. R.p.praetorThomas,1888—BismarckArchipelago(includingtheAdmiraltyIs)andnearbyIs,aswellastheSolomonIs. R. p. coenorum Thomas, 1922 —W & NNew Guinea; populations on Gebe I and Salawati I probably represent this taxon. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. R.p.praetorThomas,1888—BismarckArchipelago(includingtheAdmiraltyIs)andnearbyIs,aswellastheSolomonIs. R. p. coenorum Thomas, 1922 —W & NNew Guinea; populations on Gebe I and Salawati I probably represent this taxon.

Distribution. Endemic to the Gotel Mts, SE Nigeria. Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-137 mm, tail 149-174 mm, ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 26-28 mm; weight 34-60 g. Fur of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse is dark brown to grayish black above, without russet tinge of Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi), slightly paler on flanks, and whitish gray below. Dorsum and venter are separated by think pale reddish brown line. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length). Forefeet and hindfeet are pale. Forefeet have four functional digits; first digit is reduced to small tubercle with very small claw. Hindfeet have five clawed digits. Females have three pairs of nipples. in Muridae

Distribution. Endemic to the Gotel Mts, SE Nigeria. Descriptive notes. Head-body 108-137 mm, tail 149-174 mm, ear 19-21 mm, hindfoot 26-28 mm; weight 34-60 g. Fur of the Gotel Mountain Soft-furred Mouse is dark brown to grayish black above, without russet tinge of Hartwig's Soft-furred Mouse (P. hartwigi), slightly paler on flanks, and whitish gray below. Dorsum and venter are separated by think pale reddish brown line. Tail is very long (c.140% of head-body length). Forefeet and hindfeet are pale. Forefeet have four functional digits; first digit is reduced to small tubercle with very small claw. Hindfeet have five clawed digits. Females have three pairs of nipples.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.n.nanusGould,1858—NAustralia,includingMelvilleandBathurstIsandSirEdwardPellewGroup. P. n. ferculinus Thomas, 1902 — Barrow, Sholl, and Potter Is, Western Australia. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.n.nanusGould,1858—NAustralia,includingMelvilleandBathurstIsandSirEdwardPellewGroup. P. n. ferculinus Thomas, 1902 — Barrow, Sholl, and Potter Is, Western Australia.

Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.albocinereusGould,1845—scrubbyplainsinW&SWesternAustralia. P. a. squalorum Thomas, 1907 — Bernier, Dorre, and Dirk Hartog Is, Shark Bay, Western Australia. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.a.albocinereusGould,1845—scrubbyplainsinW&SWesternAustralia. P. a. squalorum Thomas, 1907 — Bernier, Dorre, and Dirk Hartog Is, Shark Bay, Western Australia.

Subspecies and Distribution. P d. delicatulus Gould, 1842 — monsoonal NW & NC Australia, from Pilbara to far NW Queensland, and including the islands of Tent, Augustus, Bigge, Sir Graham Moore, Bathurst, Melville, Marchinbar, Groote Eylandt, and Sir Edward Pellew Group (West, South West, North, and Vanderlin). P. d. pumilus Troughton, 1936 — NE & CE Australia from Cape York S to NE New South Wales, including Fraser I; also reported from Trans Fly plains in S New Guinea. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P d. delicatulus Gould, 1842 — monsoonal NW & NC Australia, from Pilbara to far NW Queensland, and including the islands of Tent, Augustus, Bigge, Sir Graham Moore, Bathurst, Melville, Marchinbar, Groote Eylandt, and Sir Edward Pellew Group (West, South West, North, and Vanderlin). P. d. pumilus Troughton, 1936 — NE & CE Australia from Cape York S to NE New South Wales, including Fraser I; also reported from Trans Fly plains in S New Guinea.

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.penicillatusGould,1842—coastalareasoftheKimberleyregionofWesternAustralia,NorthernTerritory,andNWQueensland,Australia;alsorecordedfromvariousIsincludingInglis(EnglishCompanyIs),GrooteEylandt,SirEdwardPellewGroupIs,andBentinck. C.p.melibiusThomas,1921—MelvilleandBathurstIs,TiwiIs,NorthernTerritory,Australia. C. p. rand: Tate & Archbold, 1938 — known only from the vicinity of Morehead, Trans Fly region, S New Guinea; current status uncertain. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. C.p.penicillatusGould,1842—coastalareasoftheKimberleyregionofWesternAustralia,NorthernTerritory,andNWQueensland,Australia;alsorecordedfromvariousIsincludingInglis(EnglishCompanyIs),GrooteEylandt,SirEdwardPellewGroupIs,andBentinck. C.p.melibiusThomas,1921—MelvilleandBathurstIs,TiwiIs,NorthernTerritory,Australia. C. p. rand: Tate & Archbold, 1938 — known only from the vicinity of Morehead, Trans Fly region, S New Guinea; current status uncertain.

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996). in Muridae

The first comprehensive revision of all the species attributed to Melomys led J. I. Menzies in 1996 to resurrect the genus Paramelomys and to redefine its morphologicallimits and species content. Menzies created P. gressitti as a new species belonging to a group displaying morphological similarities and including also P. lorentzii and P. moncktoni. Monotypic Distribution. E New Guinea. Descriptive notes. Head-body 135-162 mm, hindfoot 30-34 mm; no specific data are available for body weight. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is a medium-sized Paramelomys with a soft, thick and woolly pelage, a long narrow foot, and a tail with three hairs per scale. It exhibits a medium-sepia dorsal pelage and a gray-buff ventral one. Tail is slightly shorter (99%) than head-body length. The skull has a narrow zygomatic plate. Habitat. Moist tropical mountain forest between 2300 m and 2400 m. Food and Feeding. No information. Breeding. No information. Activity patterns. Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is terrestrial. Movements, Home range and Social organization. No information. Status and Conservation. Classified as Endangered on The IUCN Red List owing to its small geographic range (less than 3500 km?*) and the destruction ofits habitat by mining and logging activities. The major threat to Gressitt's Mosaic-tailed Rat is ongoing habitat degradation caused by nearby human populations; habitat on Mount Kandy has been destroyed by gold-miners and wood-cutters. Bibliography. Menzies (1996).

Subspecies and Distribution. P.o.obesusCretzschmar,1828—NAfrica,fromMorocco,WesternSahara,andMauritaniaEtoEgypt,Sinai,Israel,Palestine,Syria,JordanStoCArabianPenisula.Pralo.zonesdianaeofSaudiMorrison-ScottArabia.,1939—Elitto-P. o. elegans Heuglin, 1877 — NE Sudan. in Muridae

Subspecies and Distribution. P.o.obesusCretzschmar,1828—NAfrica,fromMorocco,WesternSahara,andMauritaniaEtoEgypt,Sinai,Israel,Palestine,Syria,JordanStoCArabianPenisula.Pralo.zonesdianaeofSaudiMorrison-ScottArabia.,1939—Elitto-P. o. elegans Heuglin, 1877 — NE Sudan.