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Fig. 1. A in Soft-part preservation in two species of the arthropod Isoxys from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 1. A. Topographic map of the Burgess Shale area near Field, British Columbia (Canada). The numbers indicate localities where specimens of Isoxys acutangulus (Walcott, 1908) and Isoxys longissimus Simonetta and Delle Cave, 1975 were collected by ROM parties. 1. West slope of Fossil Ridge: 1a, Greater Phyllopod bed, Walcott Quarry; 1b, Raymond Quarry; 1c, "persephone layer" (RQ +20 to +23); 1d, "Tuzoia layer" (TZ); 1e, Collins Quarry—"Ehmaniella Zone" (EZ) and "Upper Ehmaniella" (UE); 2, South face of Mt. Field; 3, North shoulder of Mt. Stephen (ESA, ESB); 4, S7 locality; 5, Mt. Stephen Collins Quarry (WS); 6, Mt. Stephen Trilobite Beds (ST); 7, Stanley Glacier. B. Stratigraphic section of the Burgess Shale and Stephen Formations (modified from Fletcher and Collins, 1998). Circles indicate the levels where specimens of Isoxys acutangulus (Walcott, 1908) and Isoxys longissimus Simonetta and Delle Cave, 1975 from the seven localities in A were collected.

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Fig. 4 in Soft-part preservation in two species of the arthropod Isoxys from the middle Cambrian Burgess Shale of British Columbia, Canada

Fig. 4. Bivalved arthropod Isoxys acutangulus (Walcott, 1908), Raymond Quarry Shale Member, Burgess Shale Formation, middle Cambrian, near Field, British Columbia, Canada (see Fig. 1). A. ROM 57905A, B; A1, part of specimen alternating midgut glands, possibly due to compaction, and narrow doublure; A2, specimen under low angle light from top left; A3, counterpart of specimen under low angle light from top left; A4, line drawing of specimen. B. ROM 57906B; B1, specimen with raptorial appendage, and 8 sets of midgut glands; B2, image showing endopod and exopod details; B3, specimen under low angle light from top left; B4, line drawing of specimen. All laterally compressed specimens. A1, B1, B2, polarized light; B2, in water; A2, A3, and B3 dry. Midgut glands in gray tone.

Fig. 2 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 2. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites brasensis sp. nov., NMP−E 6352, Matylda Mine, Břasy, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. Stem with leaves divided twice and three times. B. Cone and stem. C. Monopodially branched stem with leaves. D. Detail of twice divided leaves. E. Monopodially branched stem with leaves arranged in verticils.

Fig. 1. A in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 1. A. Geological profile of the Radnice Basin. B. Sketech map of the Czech Republic. C. Position of the Radnice Basin among other basins of the central and western Bohemian continental basins of the Czech Republic. D. Sketech map of the Radnice Basin with localities mentioned in the text.

Fig. 6 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 6. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites pseudoaquensis sp. nov., NMP−E 6358, holotype, Ovčín opencast mine, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. General view of the holotype showing sterile axis, leaves and several cones. B. Leaves on the central axis. C. Detail of the leaf tips. D. Leaves on the central axis. E. Terminal position of the cone.

Fig. 4 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 4. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites pseudoaquensis sp. nov., Ovčín opencast mine, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. NMP−E 6123, general view of sterile stems with leaves arranged in verticils (A1); detail showing lanceolate leaves (A2); detail of nine lanceolate leaves arranged in verticils (A3). B. NMP−E 6124; cone with sterile apex (B1); detail of leafy stem (B2).

Fig. 5 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 5. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites pseudoaquensis sp. nov., NMP−E 6124, Ovčín opencast mine, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member (A, G) and their spores of of Punctatisporites obesus−type (B–F). A. Detail showing the position of sporangia. Note that one sporangium occurs per sporangiophore between the sterile bract and the axis of a cone. B, D. Spores of Punctatisporites obesus−type; distal surfaces, SEM micrographs. C, E, F. Spore of Punctatisporites obesus−type. Proximal views. Note finely scabrate sculpture on the proximal surface (E, F) and slightly developed labrum. G. Detail of sub−terminally located sporangium on shortened sporangiophore.

Fig. 3 in Two new Carboniferous fertile sphenophylls and their spores from the Czech Republic

Fig. 3. Carboniferous (Bolsovian) fertile sphenophyll Bowmanites brasensis sp. nov., WBMP−F 03760 Matylda Mine, Břasy, Radnice Basin, Kladno Formation, Radnice Member. A. General view of the cone. B. Detail showing the position of sporangia with in situ spores (arrows) on the sporangiophore. C. Detail of in situ spores (arrows) in sporangia. Note the length of the sporangiophore. D. Position of sporangia between sterile bracts and the axis of a cone. E. Central body of a spore of Punctatisporites obesus−type; lateral view. F, G. Central bodies of spores of Punctatisporites obesus−type. Note the trilete mark and labrum. H. Central body of a spore of Punctatisporites obesus−type; distal view. I. Spore with exospore assigned to the dispersed species Punctatisporites obesus (Loose) Potonié and Kremp, 1954; proximal view.

Fig. 3 in Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites

Fig. 3. Silurian graptolite Testograptus testis (Barrande, 1850). All collections from section RC01−2, 2.5 m, Rookery Creek, Cornwallis Island. A. Largest specimen, stereopair profile and ventro−lateral view, GSC34914; A1, profile view; A2, ventro−lateral view showing long, laterally projecting thecal spines. B. Stereopair of specimen with very strong dorsal flexure and prominent keel−like protuberance at point of flexure, GSC34915. C. Lateral and ventro−distal view of specimen, GSC34916; C1, with strongly dorsally flexed nema; C2, nema strongly ventrally flexed. D. Various views of specimen GSC34917; D1, dorso−lateral view stereopair; D2, ventro−lateral view stereopair showing prominent keel−like protuberance at point of flexure; D3, ventral view; D4, dorso−lateral view, V−shaped protuberance at point of flexure. E. Steropair of specimen with strong ventral flexure and prominent protuberance distal of sicular tip, GSC34918. F. Dorso−lateral and lateral views of specimen, GSC34919; F1, dorso−lateral view showing prominent flexure; F2, profile view. Scale bars 500 µm.

Fig. 4 in Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites

Fig. 4. Silurian graptolites Testograptus testis (Barrande, 1850) (A, B) and Cochlograptus veles (Richter, 1871) (C–F) in direct comparison. Specimens from SB−E, 49 m, Snowblind Creek, Cornwallis Island. A. Fragment of specimen with pseudovirgula development, GSC34920; A1, stereopair showing isolated nema; A2, enlargement to show nema area, and infilling between pseudovirgula and nema. B. Stereopair of dorso−lateral view of specimen with free nema and subsequent development of rhabdosome via a pseudovirgula, GSC34921. (C–F) Cochlograptus veles (Richter, 1871); from CP98, 6.4 m, Cape Phillips, Cornwallis Island (C, F) and from CM3, 6.1 m, Cape Manning Cornwallis Island (D, E). C. Extremely well−preserved specimen, showing blunt−ended sicula and flexure; note well−developed rutellum, GSC34922. D. Ventro−lateral view of well−preserved specimen showing four complete thecae, GSC34923. E. Infrared image showing strongly curved sicula, GSC34924. F. Views of a specimen showing a pseudovirgula (arrows) and exceptionally long rutellum, GSC34925; F1, distal view enlargement; F2, SEM image; F3, infrared image.

Fig. 2 in Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites

Fig. 2. Silurian graptolites Cochlograptus veles (Richter, 1871) (A, B) and Testograptus testis (Barrande, 1850) (C–F) in direct comparison. Chemically cleared and infrared views of specimens from collection SJF−02, talus nodule 2A, Cape Sir John Franklin, Devon Island. A. Variously oriented views of specimens with two developed thecae and common canal of theca 3, GSC34908; A1, profile view; A2, enlargement showing normal porus; A3, dorso−lateral view; A4, ventro−lateral view. B. Ventral and lateral views of specimen, GSC34909; B1, ventral view showing tip of sicula (clear region) and well marked thickened interthecal septum (arrow); B2, profile showing well−developed nema. (C–F) Testograptus testis (Barrande, 1850). Chemically cleared and infrared images of specimens from collection RC01−2, 2.5 m, Rookery Creek, Cornwallis Island. C. Largest specimen profile showing deflexed nema distal of sicula tip, and hollow, keel−like protuberance distal of sicula tip (arrow), GSC34910. D. Profile of specimen with only gentle ventral flexure and moderately curved sicula, GSC34911. E. Near−profile view of specimen and enlargement of distal end of sicular region, GSC34913; E1, profile view of cleared specimen; E2, enlargement showing normal porus. F. Specimen with well−preserved two proximal thecae, strong ventral flexure, and hollow protuberance (arrow) distal of tip of sicula, GSC34913. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 1 in Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites

Fig. 1. Silurian graptolite Cochlograptus veles (Richter, 1871). All collections from SJF−02, nodule 2A. A. Full profile of specimen showing theca 1 arising out of sicula very close to aperture and strong ventral flexures of nema and sicular threads, GSC34900. B. Full profile and slightly oblique view of specimen GSC 34901; B1, stereopair; B2, full profile. C. Stereopair, ventro−lateral view of specimen with complete theca 1 and protheca of theca 2, and showing free tip of sicula (arrow), GSC 34902. D. Specimen with four complete thecae and protheca of theca 5, GSC34903. E. Stereopair showing two fully developed thecae and protheca of theca 3; note well−developed rutellum, GSC34904. F. Full profile stereopair showing abrupt flexure of nema away from tip of sicula, GSC34905. G. Oblique view stereopair showing three fully developed thecae and the common canal leading to theca 4 (arrow), GSC34906. H. Stereopair distal view of fully developed thecae and protheca of theca 4, and well−developed rutellum and protuberance of sicula tip, GSC34907. Scale bars 100 µm.

Fig. 5 in Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites

Fig. 5. Line drawings of four monograptid species to compare thecal characteristics. A. Monograptus? cf. ayagusensis (Obut and Sobolevskaya, 1966) compressed mature specimen from Twilight Creek (TC), Bathurst Island, TC 27.5 m (Melchin 1989) showing thecae very similar to those seen in Cochlograptus veles, GSC34926. B. Cochlograptus veles (Richter, 1871), compressed mature specimen from Twilight Creek, Bathurst Island, TC 27 m (Melchin 1989), ROM46027. C. Testograptus testis incomptus (Lenz and Melchin, 1991) holotype, compressed specimen from Rookery Creek (RC), Cornwallis Island, RC 284 m (Lenz and Melchin 1991: figs. 7B, 17I), GSC95423. D. Monograptus flemingii (Salter, 1852), compressed specimen from Prairie Creek (PC), Northwest Territories, PC 210 m (Lenz 1988: pl. 1: A), GSC91494.

Fig. 6 in Convergent evolution of two Silurian graptolites

Fig. 6. Cladogram of nine species; Stimuolograptus sedgwickii used as the outgroup. Bootstrap analysis shows that all dichotomous branches have 80% or greater bootstrap support except the Monograptus flemingi–Testograptus testis subclade, which is 74%.

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Рис. 2–5. Glaphyrus oxypterus, Αва поΑвиΑа. 2–4 – G. o. kasatkini Shokhin, subsp. n.; 5 – G. o. oxypterus (Pallas, 1771). 2–3 – внешний виΑ; 2, 4, 5 – самец; 3 – самка; 4–5 – вершина наΑкрыΛий. Figs 2–4. Glaphyrus oxypterus, two subspecies 2–4 – G. o. kasatkini Shokhin, subsp. n.; 5 – G. o. oxypterus (Pallas, 1771). 2–3 – habitus; 2, 4, 5 – male; 3 – female; 4–5 – apex of elytra. in The fauna of lamellicorn beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea) of Azerbaijan

Рис. 2–5. Glaphyrus oxypterus, Αва поΑвиΑа. 2–4 – G. o. kasatkini Shokhin, subsp. n.; 5 – G. o. oxypterus (Pallas, 1771). 2–3 – внешний виΑ; 2, 4, 5 – самец; 3 – самка; 4–5 – вершина наΑкрыΛий. Figs 2–4. Glaphyrus oxypterus, two subspecies 2–4 – G. o. kasatkini Shokhin, subsp. n.; 5 – G. o. oxypterus (Pallas, 1771). 2–3 – habitus; 2, 4, 5 – male; 3 – female; 4–5 – apex of elytra.

Fig. 13 in Two new stick insect genera from Vietnam, Nuichua gen. nov. and Pterohirasea gen. nov. with two new species (Phasmida: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)

Fig. 13. Pterohirasea nigrolineata sp. nov. A–N, captive reared, from Phong Dien VNMN Station (photographs by J. Constant). A–B, nymph. C, ♂, dorsal view. D, ♂, lateral view. E, ♂, head and thorax. F, ♂, dorsal view. G, ♂, lateral view. H, ♂, head and thorax. I, ♂, abdomen ventral view. J, ♀, dorsal view. K, ♀, lateral view. L, ♀, head and thorax dorsal view. M, ♀, abdomen ventral view. N, ♀, terminalia dorsal view. O, newborn nymph (photograph by T. Bollens). P–R, egg. P, lateral view. Q, dorsal view. R, operculum.

Fig. 12 in Two new stick insect genera from Vietnam, Nuichua gen. nov. and Pterohirasea gen. nov. with two new species (Phasmida: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)

Fig. 12. Pterohirasea nigrolineata sp. nov., paratype ♀. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, lateral view. C, habitus, ventral view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. E, terminalia, dorsal view. F, terminalia, ventral view. G, terminalia, lateral view. H, head and thorax, lateral view.

Fig. 3 in Two new stick insect genera from Vietnam, Nuichua gen. nov. and Pterohirasea gen. nov. with two new species (Phasmida: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)

Fig. 3. Nuichua rabaeyae sp. nov., paratype ♀. A, habitus, dorsal view. B, habitus, lateral view. C, habitus, ventral view. D, head and thorax, dorsal view. E, terminalia, dorsal view. F, terminalia, ventral view. G, terminalia, lateral view. H, head and thorax, lateral view.

Fig. 6 in Two new stick insect genera from Vietnam, Nuichua gen. nov. and Pterohirasea gen. nov. with two new species (Phasmida: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)

Fig. 6. Nuichua rabaeyae sp. nov. A–B, wild specimens (photographs by J. Constant). A, ♂, Nui Chua N.P., 8.VIII.2014. B, ♀, Nui Chua N.P., 7.VIII.2014. C, adult pair, captive reared (photograph by M. Duytschaever).

Fig. 2 in Two new stick insect genera from Vietnam, Nuichua gen. nov. and Pterohirasea gen. nov. with two new species (Phasmida: Diapheromeridae: Necrosciinae)

Fig. 2. Nuichua rabaeyae sp. nov., ♂ genitalia. A, dorsal view. B, left lateral view. C, right lateral view. D, posterior view. E, ventral view. F, anteroventral view.