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FIGURE 35 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 35. Celleporaria firmispinosa Silén, 1954. A–E. Holotype LUZM 56.2, off Rockingham, Western Australia. F–I. Specimen LUZM 56.1, Warnbro beach, Western Australia. A. Group of zooids. B. Close-up of an orifice with elliptical suboral avicularium and two stout spines. C. Close-up of suboral avicularium with open mandible. D. Close-up of an orifice, showing the proximal margin, and a broken suboral avicularium. E. Ovicellate zooids. F, G. General view of two areas of the mounded colony showing zooids with long spines and mucro and the algal substrate. H. Close-up of ovicellate zooids. I. Lateral view of zooids with well-developed suboral mucro. Scale bars: A = 500 µm; B, D = 100 µm; C = 50 µm; E = 250 µm; F, G = 1 mm; H = 300 µm; I = 200 µm.

FIGURE 33 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 33. Stylopoma magnovicellata Silén, 1954. Holotype LUZM 52, Western Australia. A, B. Photographs of two sides of the type specimen. C. Labels accompanying the specimen. Scale bars: A, B = 3 cm.

FIGURE 22 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 22. Camptoplites tubifera Silén, 1941. Paralectotype UPSZTY 2460A, Japan. A. General view of the specimen. B. Close-up of an autozooid emanating two connecting branch tubes. C. Close-up of an autozooid. Arrow indicates a putative attachment scar left by an avicularium. D. Close-up of a narrow, elongate avicularium. E. Close-up of two ovicells. F. Close-up of a rounded avicularium. Scale bars: A = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C, D, F = 150 µm; E = 200 µm.

FIGURE 12 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 12. Mangana canui (Silén, 1941) n. comb. Paratype UPSZTY 191145, Japan. A. Group of zooids and proximal avicularia. B. Close-up of two autozooids with large proximally placed avicularia and an additional smaller avicularium placed laterally (see arrow). C. Autozooids and avicularia of different sizes. D. Close-up of two large avicularia showing the serrated rostrum. E. Group of ovicellate zooids. F. Close-up of two ovicells, one deformed or damaged. All scale bars are 200 µm except D = 100 µm.

FIGURE 37 in Scanning electron microscopy study of Lars Silén's cheilostome bryozoan type specimens in the historical collections of natural history museums in Sweden

FIGURE 37. Triphyllozoon cornutum Silén, 1954. Holotype LUZM 54, Western Australia. A. General view of a portion of the colony. B. Group of ovicellate zooids showing suboral and frontal adventitious avicularia of different size and shape. C. Close-up of ooecia and frontal adventitious avicularia. D. Close-up of the large, frontal, lozenge-shaped avicularium directed distolaterally and suboral avicularium with denticulate rostrum. E. Close-up of ooecia with associated avicularia and large frontal lozenge-shaped avicularium directed proximolaterally. F, G. Lateral close-ups of large frontal avicularia either directed distolaterally or proximolaterally, showing the raised rostrum with raised lateral wings of calcification. H. Close-up of the secondary orifice with peristomial avicularium and two lateral spine bases visible only in some zooids. I. General view of the dorsal side of the colony fragment. J. Close-up of the figure-eight-shaped dorsal avicularia. K. Close-up of the lozenge-shaped dorsal avicularium. Scale bars: A, I = 1 mm; B = 500 µm; C = 300 µm; D, G, H = 100 µm; E = 250 µm; F, J = 200 µm; K = 50 µm.

FIGURES 3–23 in Taxonomic revision of Coscinodiscus variabilis (Bacillariophyta): analysis of type material, lectotypification and transfer to the genus Actinocyclus

FIGURES 3–23. Coscinodiscus variabilis Frenguelli. LM. Specimens of type population, size diminution series; note the variability in hyaline rays, marginal rimoportulae, changes in the striation pattern between valve face and mantle, and pseudonodulus (arrowheads). Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIGURES 24–30 in Taxonomic revision of Coscinodiscus variabilis (Bacillariophyta): analysis of type material, lectotypification and transfer to the genus Actinocyclus

FIGURES 24–30. Coscinodiscus variabilis Frenguelli. LM. Specimens of type population. 24–26. Valve view showing the variation on the same individual from three different focuses. 24. Note the central area, fasciculation, mantle areolae and external marginal ring of rimoportulae which are coincident with the fascicles. 25. Detail of areolae and pseudonodule on valve face. 26. Note the marginal ring of rimoportulae. 27. Valve tilted showing the detail of the rimoportulae and their orientation on the valve mantle and the hyaline rays aligned with them. 28–30. Valve views showing the variation of the central area and hyaline rays. 28. Specimen with incomplete hyaline rays closer to the valve margins and with rounded ends. 29. Specimens with complete or nearly complete clock-hand shape hyaline rays that reach the valve margins and may not connect the valve center. 30. Specimens with incomplete hyaline rays with abrupt ends that insert from the center of the valve face and never reach the valve margins. Scale bar: 10 µm.

FIGURES 1–2 in Taxonomic revision of Coscinodiscus variabilis (Bacillariophyta): analysis of type material, lectotypification and transfer to the genus Actinocyclus

FIGURES 1–2. Materials (studied from the Frenguelli Collection). 1. Slides from the Series 167. 2. Original illustrations of Coscinodiscus variabilis Frenguelli (the pasted pictures reproduced in the original publication). Lectotype: Specimen of pl. 14, fig. 8 of the original publication.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Performance of high-order Godunov-type methods in simulations of astrophysical low Mach number flows

Supplementary materials for the paper "Performance of high-order Godunov-type methods in simulations of astrophysical low Mach number flows". The supplementary materials are split into two .zip archives (KH2D-plots.zip and 3D-TURBULENCE-WAVES-plots.zip) containing figures not shown in the paper.

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Simulation results: effects of Chiari type 1 malformation on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics during arterial pulsations and coughing

The folder contains the simulation results corresponding to the computational fluid dynamics study: Effects of Chiari type 1 malformation on cerebrospinal fluid dynamics during arterial pulsations and coughing Data is organized in the following way with files in .csv and .xlsx format <ul> <li>Cropped model: <ul> <li>output_*: flow time in seconds, pressure in the fourth ventricle (Pv), outflow in m³/s or kg/s, and pressure at plane in spinal SAS (Psas) for physical herniations and herniations created by porous zones</li> </ul> </li> <li>Full model <ul> <li>arterial_pulsations: data with all boundary conditions (arterial) except from cough</li> <li>arterial_pulsations_and_cough: data with all boundary conditions (arterial) including cough</li> <li>file content: <ul> <li>*_boundary_data: time step number, number of coupling iterations necessary per time step, flow time (s), pressure (P) and flow (Q) at outlets with interstitium (1), spinal (2), lymphatic (3) and arachnoid villi (4), first element of Jacobian (J11), flow residual, value of perturbation (dP) in Pa, converged?: 1 when converged, 0 when not, perturbation parameter, number of times the perturbation value needed to be reduced.</li> <li>*_flow: flow time in seconds, volumetric flow through aqueduct, and spinal SAS</li> <li>*_pressure_data: flow time in seconds, relative pressure compared to interstitium outlet at the fourth ventricle (v4), the spinal SAS (sas) and the lateral ventricle (lv)</li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul>

FIGURE 10 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 10. The type of M. melanocephalus bolivianus Chapman, 1919 (AMNH 37927). Dorsal, ventral and side views, with the detail of the face. Considered a subspecies of the polytypic species Myioborus melanocephalus. Note the lack of appreciable differences with respect to M. m. malaris (Fig. 10). Photographs by Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural History).

FIGURE 9 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 9. The type of M. melanocephalus malaris Zimmer, 1949 (AMNH 235067). Dorsal, ventral, and side views, with the detail of the face. Currently treated as a subspecies of a Myioborus melanocephalus. Photographs by Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural History).

FIGURE 3 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 3. Top: the syntype of Setophaga bairdi Salvin, 1878 (NHMUK 1885.3.8.801). This specimen exhibits the facial color and pattern observed in individuals from most of the Ecuadorian Andes that are currently considered as the "pure" southern form hybridizing with chrysops (Céspedes-Arias et al. 2021). Photographs by Mark Adams (Natural History Museum, Tring). Bottom: the type of Myioborus bairdi griseonuchus Chapman, 1927 (AMNH 229332). This taxon is restricted to northern Peru (departments of Piura and Cajamarca). Photographs by Paul Sweet (American Museum of Natural History).

FIGURE 2 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 2. Photographs of the type specimen of Setophaga ruficoronata Kaup, 1851 (NML-VZ D1931) currently treated as Myioborus melanocephalus ruficoronatus. Side and dorsal views, with the detail of the front and face, and its label. The type exhibits intermediate facial color and pattern as observed in the center of the hybrid zone near Pasto, Department of Nariño, southern Colombia (Céspedes-Arias et al. 2021). Photographs by Tony Parker and John James Wilson (World Museum, National Museums Liverpool).

FIGURE 1 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 1. Map of northwestern South America showing the geographic distribution of high-elevation Myioborus warblers of the Northern Andes (M. albifrons, M. ornatus and M. melanocephalus). Each colored polygon represents the approximate geographic distribution of taxa recognized in this study, except for the one in dark gray, which shows the extent of the hybrid zone (Céspedes-Arias et al. 2021) between chrysops and bairdi. Gray dots indicate type localities of valid taxa, and the star the location of Cali, Colombia, the supposed type locality of M. m. ruficoronatus, which is most likely an error (see text). The question mark indicates the uncertainty in the geographic limits between bairdi and griseonuchus in southern Ecuador.

FIGURE 7 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 7. The type of Setophaga chrysops Salvin, 1878 (NHMUK 1885.3.8.804). Dorsal, ventral and side views, with the detail of the face. This taxon is currently treated as M. ornatus chrysops, and is the "pure" northern form hybridizing with bairdi in southern Colombia (see text). Photographs by Mark Adams (Natural History Museum, Tring).

FIGURE 6 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 6. Type specimens of names synonymized with Myioborus ornatus sensu stricto, and M. chrysops. Types of flaveola (A, MCZ 76106) and leucophomma (B, NML-VZ D2009), which correspond to juvenile and immature individuals of M. ornatus, respectively. Kaup (1851) identified as flaveola a specimen that corresponds to M. chrysops (C, NML-VZ D1932), but this is not a true type specimen (see text). Photographs by Jeremiah Trimble (Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard University), and by Tony Parker and John James Wilson (World Museum, National Museums Liverpool).

FIGURE 5 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 5. Type of Setophaga ornata Boissonneau, 1840 (MCZ 76106), currently treated as Myioborus ornatus sensu stricto. Dorsal, ventral, and side views, with the detail of the face. This is a "Bogotá" skin. Photographs by Jeremiah Trimble (Museum Comparative Zoology, Harvard University).

FIGURE 4 in The type of Setophaga ruficoronata (Kaup 1851) is a hybrid: implications for the taxonomy of Myioborus warblers (Passeriformes: Parulidae)

FIGURE 4. Illustrations of three Andean Myioborus as illustrated by Johannes Gerardus Keulemans in Salvin (1878). Top: chrysops of the Western and Central cordilleras of Colombia. Center: A hybrid individual painted based on the type of Setophaga ruficoronata (NML-VZ D1931, see Fig. 2). Bottom: bairdi based on a specimen assigned to Setopopha bairdi from Sical (sic) Ecuador (see Fig. 3). The taxon bairdi was until now considered a junior synonym of ruficoronatus (Meyer de Schauensee 1946). Illustrations from Salvin (1878) via the Biodiversity Heritage Library (https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/34861)