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10,016 results for “Observation”
Data from: Perfusion index in newborns during critical congenital heart disease screening at 24 hours in healthy newborns: retrospective observational study from the United States
Objective: To describe the distribution of Perfusion Index (PI) in asymptomatic newborns at 24 hours of life when screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease (CCHD) using an automated data selection method. Design: This is a retrospective observational study. Setting: Newborn nursery in a California public hospital with 3500 to 4000 deliveries annually. Methods: We developed an automated program to select the PI values from CCHD screens. Included were term and late preterm infants who were screened for CCHD from November 2013 to January 2014 and from May 2015 to July 2015. PI measurements were downloaded every 2 seconds from the pulse oximeter and median PI were calculated for each oxygen saturation screen in our cohort. Results: We included data from 2768 oxygen saturation screens. Each screen had a median of 29 data points (interquartile range 17 to 49). The median PI in our study cohort was 1.8 (95% confidence interval 1.8 to 1.9) with interquartile range 1.2 to 2.7. The median pre-ductal PI was significantly higher than the median post-ductal (1.9 vs. 1.8, p = 0.03) although this difference may not be clinically significant. Conclusion: Using an automated data selection method, the median PI in asymptomatic newborns at 24 hours of life is 1.8 with a narrow interquartile range of 1.2 to 2.7. This automated data selection method may improve accuracy and precision compared to manual data collection method. Further studies are needed to establish external validity of this automated data selection method and its clinical application for CCHD screening.
Data from: Comparison of the validity of the checklist assessment in the cardiac arrest simulations with the app in an academic hospital in Taiwan: a retrospective observational study
Background: Robust assessment is a crucial component in Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS) training to determine whether participants have achieved learning objectives with little or no variation in their overall outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate resuscitation performance by real-time logs. We hypothesized that instructors may not be able to evaluate time-sensitive parameters, namely, chest compression fraction, time to initiating chest compression, and time to initiating defibrillation efficiently in a subjective manner. Methods: Video records and formal checklist-based test results of Megacode scenarios for the ACLS certification examination at several hospitals in Taipei were examined. For the study interest, three time-sensitive parameters were measured via video review assisted by a mobile phone application, and were used for evaluation. We evaluated if the pass/fail results made by instructors via checklists were correlated with these parameters. Results: A total of 185 Megacode scenarios were eligible for the final analysis. Among the three parameters, good chest compression fraction was statistically significant with higher odds ratio (OR) of passing (OR = 3.65; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.36-9.91; P = 0.01). In 112 participants with one parameter that did not meet the criteria, 25 were graded as fail, making the specificity 22.3% (95% CI: 15.0-31.2%). Conclusions: Visual observation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance is not accurate when evaluating time-sensitive parameters. Objective results should be offered for training outcome evaluation, and also for feedback to participants.
Data from: Bumblebees show cognitive flexibility by improving on an observed complex behavior
We explored bees' behavioral flexibility in a task that required transporting a small ball to a defined location to gain a reward. Bees were pretrained to know the correct location of the ball. Subsequently, to obtain a reward, bees had to move a displaced ball to the defined location. Bees that observed demonstration of the technique from a live or model demonstrator learned the task more efficiently than did bees observing a "ghost" demonstration (ball moved via magnet) or without demonstration. Instead of copying demonstrators moving balls over long distances, observers solved the task more efficiently, using the ball positioned closest to the target, even if it was of a different color than the one previously observed. Such unprecedented cognitive flexibility hints that entirely novel behaviors could emerge relatively swiftly in species whose lifestyle demands advanced learning abilities, should relevant ecological pressures arise.
Data from: Prospective, observational study comparing automated and visual point-of-care urinalysis in general practice
Objective Point-of-care testing (POCT) urinalysis might reduce errors in (subjective) reading, registration and communication of test results, and might also improve diagnostic outcome and optimise patient management. Evidence is lacking. In the present study, we have studied the analytical performance of automated urinalysis and visual urinalysis compared with a reference standard in routine general practice. Setting The study was performed in six general practitioner (GP) group practices in the Netherlands. Automated urinalysis was compared with visual urinalysis in these practices. Reference testing was performed in a primary care laboratory (Saltro, Utrecht, The Netherlands). Primary and secondary outcome measures Analytical performance of automated and visual urinalysis compared with the reference laboratory method was the primary outcome measure, analysed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) and Cohen's κ coefficient for agreement. Secondary outcome measure was the user-friendliness of the POCT analyser. Results Automated urinalysis by experienced and routinely trained practice assistants in general practice performs as good as visual urinalysis for nitrite, leucocytes and erythrocytes. Agreement for nitrite is high for automated and visual urinalysis. κ's are 0.824 and 0.803 (ranked as very good and good, respectively). Agreement with the central laboratory reference standard for automated and visual urinalysis for leucocytes is rather poor (0.256 for POCT and 0.197 for visual, respectively, ranked as fair and poor). κ's for erythrocytes are higher: 0.517 (automated) and 0.416 (visual), both ranked as moderate. The Urisys 1100 analyser was easy to use and considered to be not prone to flaws. Conclusions Automated urinalysis performed as good as traditional visual urinalysis on reading of nitrite, leucocytes and erythrocytes in routine general practice. Implementation of automated urinalysis in general practice is justified as automation is expected to reduce human errors in patient identification and transcribing of results.
Data from: Plasma pro-atrial natriuretic peptide to indicate fluid balance during cystectomy: a prospective observational study
Objectives: During surgery the volume of administered fluid is debated. Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide (proANP) is released by atrial distension, and we evaluated the relationship between changes in proANP associated with perioperative fluid balance. Design: Prospective observational study. Setting: One university/tertiary centre. Participants: The study included patients who underwent radical cystectomy. Plasma for determination of proANP was obtained before surgery, after resection of the bladder, and at the end of surgery for 20 robotic-assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) and 20 open radical cystectomy (ORC) procedures. Results: The blood loss was 1871 (95% CI 1267 to 2475) vs 589 mL (378 to 801) in the ORC and RARC groups (p=0.001), respectively, and fluid balance was positive by 1518 mL (1215 to 1821) during ORC, and by 1858 mL (1461 to 2255) during RARC (p=0.163). Yet, at the end of ORC, plasma proANP was reduced by 23% (14% to 32%, p=0.001), while plasma proANP did not change significantly during RARC. Thus, plasma proANP was associated both with the perioperative blood loss (r= −0.475 (0.632 to −0.101), p=0.002), and with fluid balance (r=0.561 (0.302 to 0.740), p=0.001), indicating that a stable plasma proANP required a fluid surplus by 2.4 L (2.0 to 2.7). Conclusions: There was a correlation between intraoperative haemorrhage and a decrease in plasma proANP and, taking plasma proANP to indicate filling of the heart, about 2.5 L surplus volume of lactated Ringer's solution appears to maintain cardiac preload during cystectomy.
Data from: Audiovisual synchrony perception in observing human motion to music
To examine how individuals perceive synchrony between music and body motion, we investigated the characteristics of synchrony perception during observation of a Japanese Radio Calisthenics routine. We used the constant stimuli method to present video clips of an individual performing an exercise routine. We generated stimuli with a range of temporal shifts between the visual and auditory streams, and asked participants to make synchrony judgments. We then examined which movement-feature points agreed with music beats when the participants perceived synchrony. We found that extremities (e.g., hands and feet) reached the movement endpoint or moved through the lowest position at music beats associated with synchrony. Movement onsets never agreed with music beats. To investigate whether visual information about the feature points was necessary for synchrony perception, we conducted a second experiment where only limited portions of video clips were presented to the participants. Participants consistently judged synchrony even when the video image did not contain the critical feature points, suggesting that a prediction mechanism contributes to synchrony perception. To discuss the meaning of these feature points with respect to synchrony perception, we examined the temporal relationship between the motion of body parts and the ground reaction force (GRF) of exercise performers, which reflected the total force acting on the performer. Interestingly, vertical GRF showed local peaks consistently synchronized with music beats for most exercises, with timing that was closely correlated with the timing of movement feature points. This result suggests that synchrony perception in humans is based on some global variable anticipated from visual information, instead of the feature points found in the motion of individual body parts. In summary, the present results indicate that synchrony perception during observation of human motion to music depends largely on spatiotemporal prediction of the performer's motion.
Data from: Early modulation of intra-cortical inhibition during the observation of action mistakes
Errors while performing an action are fundamental for learning. During interaction others' errors must be monitored and taken into account to allow joint action coordination and imitation learning. This monitoring relies on an action observation network (AON) mainly based on parietofrontal recurrent circuits. Although different studies suggest that inappropriate actions may rapidly be inhibited during execution, little is known about the modulation of the AON when an action misstep is shown. Here we used single and paired pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation to assess corticospinal excitability, intracortical facilitation and intracortical inhibition at different time intervals (120, 180, 240 ms) after the visual presentation of a motor execution error. Results show a specific and early (120 ms) decrease of intracortical inhibition likely because of a significant mismatch between the observed erroneous action and observer's expectations. Indeed, as proposed by the top-down predictive framework, the motor system may be involved in the generation of these error signals and our data show that this mechanism could rely on the early decrease of intracortical inhibition within the corticomotor system.
Data from: Cryospheric hydrometeorology observation in the Hulu Catchment (CHOICE), Qilian Mountains, China
Understanding cryospheric hydrology and the effects of cryospheric changes on river runoff is critical for sustainable water management, especially in arid inland river basins, such as those in Northwest China, where water resources mainly come from alpine areas. A cryospheric hydrometeorology observation system (CHOICE) has been established since 2008 in the Hulu Catchment, which is a well instrumented experimental and representative catchment in the upper reaches of the inland Hei River, Qilian Mountains, Northwest China. The CHOICE includes dense meteorological measurements from 2,980 to 4,800 m a.s.l., such as glacier, snow and permafrost hydrology; water and heat balance in the vertical landscape zones, including alpine grassland, meadow, shrub, coniferous forest, marshy meadow and moraine-talus zones. The comprehensive of long-term observations available for the CHOICE provides the basis for model development and application in cryospheric hydrological research. We try to study on cryospheric hydrometeorological process of precipitation, freeze-thaw cycle, energy balance, soil-vegetation-atmosphere-transfer (SVAT), runoff, groundwater reservoir and hydrological resiliency within vertical altitude in CHIOCE. In addition, the CHOICE of data sharing are mainly through website (http://hhsy.casnw.net/) and WestDC database (http://westdc.westgis.ac.cn/). The CHOICE, as implied by as its name, is an open cryospheric hydrology observation and research system.
Data from: Association between COL11A1 (rs1337185) and ADAMTS5 (rs162509) gene polymorphisms and lumbar spine pathologies in Chinese Han population: an observational study
Objectives: A previous study identified a significant association between several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and lumbar disc degeneration (LDD) in Indians. To validate the association between these SNPs and specific lumbar spine pathologies, we performed a case-control study in Chinese Han population. Design: An observational study. Setting: University Hospital in Nanning, China. Participants: This study included 428 LDD patients and 400 normal controls. Outcome measures: LDD Patients were classified into 4 subgroups, including disc herniation only (Subgroup 1), discopathies or/and osteochondrosis associated with disc herniation (Subgroup 2), spinal stenosis or/and spondylolisthesis (Subgroup 3), and degenerative scoliosis (Subgroup 4). This study was conducted by examining 2 aspects: environmental factors and SNP genotyping. The environmental factors were evaluated with a questionnaire survey including questions about BMI, smoking habits, the physical demands of their job and exposure to vibrations. Rs1337185, rs5275, rs5277, rs7575934, rs3213718 and rs162509 were genotyped using a PCR-based Invader assay. Results: The physical workload was significantly higher in patients with lumbar spine pathologies than in the normal controls (P=0.035). The genotype and allele frequencies of rs1337185 and rs162509 were significantly different between the LDD patients and the normal controls. In rs1337185, a significant association was found between the C allele (risk allele) and the presence of disc herniation (OR=1.80; 95%CI= 1.21-2.68; P=0.003, adjusted P=0.012), and the presence of spinal stenosis and spondylolisthesis (OR=1.92; 95%CI=1.29-2.89; P= 0.001, adjusted P=0.004). In rs162509, the G allele represented 1.58-fold increased risk to suffer from disc herniation (OR=1.58; 95%CI=1.20-2.09; P=0.001, adjusted P=0.004). Conclusions: The SNPs rs1337185 in COL11A1 and rs162509 in ADAMTS5 are associated with susceptibility to LDD. The C allele of rs1337185 is risky for patients who are affected by lumbar pathologies such as disc herniation, stenosis and spondylolisthesis. The G allele of rs16250 represents a risk factor for the development of disc herniation.
Data from: Using striated tooth marks on bone to predict body size in theropod dinosaurs: a model based on feeding observations of Varanus komodoensis, the Komodo monitor
Mesozoic tooth marks on bone surfaces directly link consumers to fossil assemblage formation. Striated tooth marks are believed to form by theropod denticle contact, and attempts have been made to identify theropod consumers by comparing these striations with denticle widths of contemporaneous taxa. The purpose of this study is to test whether ziphodont theropod consumer characteristics may be accurately identified from striated tooth marks on fossil surfaces. There are three major objectives; 1) experimentally produce striated tooth marks and explain how they form; 2) determine whether body size characteristics are reflected in denticle widths; 3) determine whether denticle characters are accurately transcribed onto bone surfaces in the form of striated tooth marks. Controlled feeding trials were conducted with the dental analogue Varanus komodoensis (the Komodo monitor). Goat (Capra hircus) carcasses were introduced to captive, isolated individuals. Striated tooth marks were then identified, and striation width, number, and degree of divergence were recorded for each. Denticle widths and tooth/body size characters were taken from photographs and published accounts of both theropod and V. komodoensis skeletal material, and regressions were compared among and between the two groups. Striated marks tend to be regularly striated with a variable degree of branching, and may co-occur with scores. Striation morphology directly reflects contact between the mesial carina and bone surfaces during the rostral reorientation when defleshing. Denticle width is primarily influenced by tooth size, and correlates well with body size displaying negative allometry in both groups regardless of taxon or position. When compared, striation widths fall within or below the range of denticle widths extrapolated for similar sized V. komodoensis individuals. Striation width is directly influenced by the orientation of the carina during feeding, and may underestimate but cannot overestimate denticle width. Although body size may theoretically be estimated solely by a striated tooth mark under ideal circumstances, many caveats should be considered. These include the influence of negative allometry across taxa and throughout ontogeny, the existence of theropods with extreme denticle widths, and the potential for striations to underestimate denticle widths. This method may be useful under specific circumstances, especially for establishing a lower limit body size for potential consumers.
Data from: Learning of efficient behaviour in spatial exploration through observation of behaviour of conspecific in laboratory rats
Recent studies have suggested that rodent behaviour is influenced by the behaviour of surrounding conspecifics (e.g. emotional contagion and prosocial behaviour). However, little is known about deferred imitation and complex observational learning in rats. The purpose of this study was to reveal whether rats can learn from another rat's experiences. In a maze, observer rats watched the foraging behaviour of other rats (demonstrators) and then foraged in turn. The results showed that demonstrators explored inefficiently, but observers explored more efficiently after observing inefficient exploration by the demonstrators. This observational learning probably involved the acquisition of an efficient strategy through spatial exploration.
Data from: Prolific observer bias in the life sciences: why we need blind data recording
Observer bias and other "experimenter effects" occur when researchers' expectations influence study outcome. These biases are strongest when researchers expect a particular result, are measuring subjective variables, and have an incentive to produce data that confirm predictions. To minimize bias, it is good practice to work "blind," meaning that experimenters are unaware of the identity or treatment group of their subjects while conducting research. Here, using text mining and a literature review, we find evidence that blind protocols are uncommon in the life sciences and that nonblind studies tend to report higher effect sizes and more significant p-values. We discuss methods to minimize bias and urge researchers, editors, and peer reviewers to keep blind protocols in mind.
Data from: Observational study of hemostatic dysfunction and bleeding in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Objective: Evaluate the relationship between initial haemostatic parameters and the frequency and severity of bleeding in neonates with hypoxic–ischaemic encephalopathy (HIE). Design: Retrospective observational cohort study. Setting: 2 academically affiliated level III neonatal intensive care units in Atlanta, Georgia. Participants: 98 neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE who underwent haemostatic testing within 12 hours of birth and were born from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2013. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Initial haemostatic dysfunction was defined as one or more of the following: prothrombin time (PT) ≥18 s, platelet count <100×103/μL or fibrinogen <150 mg/dL. Bleeding assessed using the Neonatal Bleeding Assessment Tool and graded according to the WHO bleeding scale. The robust Poisson regression was used to evaluate the independent association between components of initial haemostatic dysfunction and bleeding. Results: Among the 98 neonates evaluated, the prevalence of initial haemostatic dysfunction was 69% (95% CI 59% to 78%). 27 neonates (28%; 95% CI 19% to 38%) had abnormal bleeding events and 56 (57%) received at least 1 blood product transfusion. 3 neonates died from bleeding complications. The most common products transfused were fresh-frozen plasma (71%), followed by packed red blood cells (24%) and platelets (21%). In multivariable analysis, fibrinogen <150 mg/dL (adjusted relative risk 2.41, 95% CI 1.09 to 5.36) and platelet count <100×103/μL (adjusted relative risk 2.59, 95% CI 1.30 to 5.16), but not initial PT, were associated with an increased risk of bleeding. The most severe bleeding occurred in neonates with a fibrinogen <150 mg/dL. Conclusions: Among neonates with moderate-to-severe HIE, haemostatic dysfunction is prevalent and associated with an increased risk of bleeding and high transfusion burden. Further studies are needed to determine the appropriate transfusion approaches in this population to prevent bleeding.
Data from: Predictive value of apelin-12 in ST-elevation myocardial infarction patients with different renal function: a prospective observational study
Objectives: To investigate the factors predicting the onset of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients. Background: apelin-12 has been regarded acting essential role in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, current knowledge of the optimal prognostic predictive value is limited. Methods: 464 STEMI patients (63.0±11.9 years, 355 men) who underwent successful pPCI were enrolled. Patients were followed-up for 2.5 years. Multivariate cox regression analyses and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were performed to determine the factors predicting MACEs. Results: There were 118 patients (25.4%) who experienced MACEs in the follow-up period. Multivariate cox regression analysis demonstrated that low apelin-12 (HR=0.132, 95% CI=0.060-0.292, p<0.001), low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (HR=0.965, 95% CI=0.941-0.991, p=0.007), low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR=0.985, 95% CI=0.977-0.993, p<0.001), Killip's classification>I (HR=0.610, 95% CI=0.408-0.912, p=0.016) and pathological Q-wave (HR=1.536, 95% CI=1.058-2.230, p=0.024) were independent predictors of 2.5 MACEs. Low apelin-12 could also predict worse in-hospital prognosis and showed advantage in predicting 2.5 year MACEs compared with Δapelin-12 (p=0.0115)and eGFR (p=0.0071) among patients with eGFR>90 mL/min1.73m2. Further analysis prompt Δapelin-12<20% was usually associated with MACEs in patients whose apelin-12 admission below 0.76 ng/ml (p=0.0075). Conclusions: STEMI patients receiving pPCI with lower apelin-12 are more likely to suffer MACEs in hospitalization and 2.5-year follow-up, especially for those with normal level of eGFR.
Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen: observations at six EUROHYDROS stations
<p>These are the H2 mixing ratio and deuterium content data used in: <br /> Batenburg, A. M., Walter, S., Pieterse, G., Levin, I., Schmidt, M., Jordan, A., Hammer, S., Yver, C., and Röckmann, T.: Temporal and spatial variability of the stable isotopic composition of atmospheric molecular hydrogen: observations at six EUROHYDROS stations, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6985-6999, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6985-2011, 2011,http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/11/6985/2011/acp-11-6985-2011.html<br /> <br /> Please cite this ACP article when using these data in a publication, and kindly notify the first author (annekebatenburg'at'gmail.com).<br /> <br /> In the CSV files:<br /> - Mixing ratios are reduction gas analyzer results obtained at UHEI-IUP, MPI-BGC and LSCE.<br /> - dD(H2) data are obtained from analysis with the GC-IRMS system at the IMAU-APCG lab of Utrecht University. The estimated standard deviation/error in a single measurement is 4.5 permil, based on measurements of a laboratory working tank.<br /> - Outlier selection was based on visual inspection of the time series.<br /> - The "biased" or "downshifted" flag indicates dD measurements performed in a period where the dD results seemed to have a positive bias of approximately 9.5 permil. These samples were shown in the time series figure with the 9.5 permil subtracted, but excluded from the following quantitative analyses.<br /> - The last column indicates the number of succesfull repeat measurements of dD.<br /> <br /> More information can be found in the published, open-access article. Please do not hesitate to contact annekebatenburg'at'gmail.com if you have any questions.</p>
FIGURE 53 in Revision of the genus Odocnemis Allard, 1876 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini) from Turkey, the Caucasus and Iran with observations on feeding habits
FIGURE 53. Map of distribution of Odocnemis gloriosa.
FIGURE 20. O in Revision of the genus Odocnemis Allard, 1876 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini) from Turkey, the Caucasus and Iran with observations on feeding habits
FIGURE 20. O. inortata sp. n. from Beydağ (Antalya), A) Pronotum, male. B) Pronotum, female.
FIGURE 2. O. anatolica, male. A in Revision of the genus Odocnemis Allard, 1876 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Helopini) from Turkey, the Caucasus and Iran with observations on feeding habits
FIGURE 2. O. anatolica, male. A) Protibia. B) Mesotibia. C–D) Metatibia. Scale bar—1mm.
FIGURES 10, 11. Female labella. 10. Thricops simplex. 11 in A new European species of Drymeia Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae) near D. brumalis (Rondani), with observations of a unique prestomal teeth structure
FIGURES 10, 11. Female labella. 10. Thricops simplex. 11. Drymeia vicana. (Same scale.)
FIGURE 1 in Morphological and biological observations on the stick insect Tithonophasma tithonus (Gray, 1835) (Phasmida: Pseudophasmatidae: Pseudophasmatinae)
FIGURE 1. Tithonophasma tithonus couple in dorsal view. Above, female; below, male.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.