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FIGURE 15 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 15. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Tetractine; B, Apical actine of a tetractine with spines (SEM).

FIGURE 6 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 6. Leucascus lobatus (ZMUCPOR-245, holotype). A, Cortical membrane; B, Transverse section showing the cortical membrane (arrow); C, Apical actine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube; D, Tripod (SEM); E, Triactine (left) and tetractine (right); F, Apical actine with spines (SEM).

FIGURE 7 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 7. Leucascus neocaledonicus (MNHN-LBIM-C-1999-02, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); C, Cortical membrane; D, Apical actines projected into the lumen of a tube; E, Atrial membrane; F, Triactine.

FIGURE 18 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 18. Ascoleucetta amitsba. Schematic representation of the spicules (modified from Hôzawa 1929). A, Cortical triactines; B, Triactines of the choanocyte tubes; C, Tetractines of the choanocyte tubes; D, Atrial triactines; E, Atrial tetractines.

FIGURE 20 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 20. Ascoleucetta ventricosa (BMNH 1886.12.15.32, lectotype); A, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a choanocyte tube (arrow); B, Atrial membrane; C, Cortical triactine; D, Choanosomal triactine; E, Tetractine; F, Apical actine of a tetractine (SEM).

FIGURE 14 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 14. Leucascus flavus sp. nov (ZMAPOR 13145, holotype). A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Apical actine of a tetractine projected into the lumen of a tube; D, Atrial membrane; E, Conical triactine; F, Slightly conical triactine.

FIGURE 17 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 17. Ascoleucetta compressa (BMNH 1924.9.1.3, holotype). A, Cortical triactine; B, Choanosomal triactine (left) and tetractine (right).

FIGURE 5 in Taxonomic revision of Leucascus Dendy, 1892 (Porifera: Calcarea) with revalidation of Ascoleucetta Dendy & Frederick, 1924 and description of three new species

FIGURE 5: Leucascus leptoraphis. A–E, ZMAPOR 13265; F, BMNH 1907.8.6.65, Holotype. A, Preserved specimen; B, Cortical membrane; C, Transverse section showing the cortex (ct), choanocyte tubes, and atrium (at); D, Atrial membrane; E, Tripods (SEM); F, Choanosomal triactine.

FIGURES 7–10 in A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 from northeastern Brazil with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in Central and South Americas (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)

FIGURES 7–10. Charinus potiguar sp. n. Male holotype: 7. Arrangement of trichobothria on the last pseudo-article of the basitibia and on the distitibia of left leg IV. Scale bar = 1.0 mm. Female paratype: 8. Dorsal view of gonopods. Male holotype: 9. Ventral view of genitalia. 10. Dorsal view of genitalia. Scale bar = 250 µm.

FIGURE 11. A in A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 from northeastern Brazil with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in Central and South Americas (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)

FIGURE 11. A. Location of the Chapada do Apodi in Rio Grande do Norte. B. Location of the Apodi caves where the Charinus potiguar sp. n. was collected. C. Caatinga Biome. D. Inner portion of the "Pau" Cave, where Charinus potiguar sp. n. was collected. E. Individual of Charinus potiguar sp. n. inside the cave. F. Individual in detail.

FIGURES 1–2 in A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 from northeastern Brazil with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in Central and South Americas (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)

FIGURES 1–2. Charinus potiguar sp. n. Male paratype: 1. Dorsal view of the pedipalps, carapace and abdomen. 2. Front view of the frontal process.

FIGURES 3–6 in A new species of Charinus Simon, 1892 from northeastern Brazil with comments on the potential distribution of the genus in Central and South Americas (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae)

FIGURES 3–6. Charinus potiguar sp. n. Male holotype: 3. Ventral view of right pedipalp. 4. Dorsal view of right pedipalp. 5. Sternum. 6. Internal view of right chelicera. Scale bar= 1.0mm.

FIGURE 10 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 10. Map showing the geographical distribution of the species of Paraleucilla (1—P. crosslandi, 2—P. cucumis, 3—P. magna, 4—P. perlucida, 5—P. princeps, 6—P. proteus, 7—P. saccharata, 8—P. sphaerica, 9—P. solangeae sp. nov., 10—P. oca sp. nov., and 11—P. incomposita sp. nov.).

FIGURE 9 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 9. Schematic of a longitudinal section of a hypothetical specimen from the genus Paraleucilla. The inner region (ir), positioned between the original subatrial skeleton and the atrial skeleton, is characterized by gray spicules. These are absent from the apex of the specimen, where the skeleton is essentially inarticulated, much like it is in specimens of the genus Leucilla. The area highlighted by a dashed square indicates the appropriate portion of the specimen to use for preparing microscope slides (cx—cortex; at—atrium).

FIGURE 6 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 6. Spicules of Paraleucilla oca sp. nov. A—Diactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine I; F—Subatrial triactine II; G—Atrial tetractine.

FIGURE 5 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 5. Paraleucilla oca sp. nov.. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 4244); B—Oscular fringe; C—Detailed view of the base of the oscular fringe, showing sagittal spicules (arrow heads); D—Transverse section showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir); E—Diactine inserted into the sponge body, just below the cortical skeleton (arrow head); F—Tangential view of the atrial skeleton.

FIGURE 2 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 2. Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov. A—Preserved holotype (UFBA POR 3525); B—Detail of the oscular fringe; C— Transverse section [from the cortex to the atrium] showing the outer region (or) and inner region (ir). Arrows indicate the presence of tufts of diactines; D—Detailed view of a tuft of diactines (arrow) inserted close to the cortex (cx); E—Tangential section showing the cortical skeleton; F—Tangential section showing the atrial skeleton and the apical actines (arrows) of some atrial tetractines; G—Detailed view of the apical actines of tetractines pointed toward the atrial cavity. (B, C, E, G: UFBA POR 3525, holotype; D, F: UFBA POR 4242, paratype).

FIGURE 4 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 4. Histograms and box plots of the spicule measurements for the three new species: A—P. solangeae sp. nov.; B–E— P. o c a sp. nov. and F-H: P. incomposita sp. nov. A—Histograms showing the distributions of actine length for the subatrial triactines of the paratype of P. solangeae sp. nov. (UFBA POR 4242; top panel: paired actines, bottom panel: unpaired actines). B–C—Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. oca sp. nov. (B—paired actines and C—unpaired actines). D–E— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial tetractines of P. o c a sp. nov. (D—paired actines and E—unpaired actines). F–H— Boxplots of the categories of subatrial triactines of P. incomposita sp. nov. (F—paired actines; G—unpaired actines and Hapical actines). Each box displays the median and upper and lower quartiles of the spicules measurements for each category. Box whiskers represent the maximum and minimum range. The p-value indicates a significant difference between spicule categories.

FIGURE 8 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 8. Spicules of Paraleucilla incomposita sp. nov. A—Cortical triactine; B—Cortical tetractine; C—Subatrial tetractine I; D—Subatrial tetractine II; E—Subatrial triactine; F—Atrial tetractine; G—Diactine.

FIGURE 1 in Three new species of the genus Paraleucilla Dendy, 1892 (Porifera, Calcarea) from the coast of Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil

FIGURE 1. Map showing the Brazilian coast, with Bahia State shown in detail. The sample areas are indicated by numbers: 1—Guarajuba (the type locality of Paraleucilla solangeae sp. nov.); 2—Itaparica Island (the type locality of P. oc a sp. nov.); and 3—Arraial d'Ajuda (the type locality of P. incomposita sp. nov.).