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Fig. 7 in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 7. Local aerial dispersal behavior detected in field populations of Oligonychus perseae. A. Cultivar 'Hass' avocado tree foliage from a commercial orchard in California infested with O. perseae as indicated by characteristic necrotic spots on the leaf undersurface. B. Adult O. perseae being carried by wind currents land on hand and clothes during assessment of mite infestation. C. A group of O. perseae adults (individual mites within black dashed circles) begins to disperse on a fine silk strand from a cultivar 'Hass' avocado leaf. All photographs by JRL.

Fig. 5. Sequence variation among 4 28S in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 5. Sequence variation among 4 28S genotypes identified from Oligonychus perseae populations in California, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Genotypes are named according to 3 genetic clusters identified from cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) haplotypes (see Fig. 2).

Fig. 6 in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 6. Divergence in the 28S rRNA region among Oligonychus perseae specimens with deeply diverged mitochondrial haplotypes (see Fig. 2). Neighborjoining tree constructed in MEGA version 6.06. Tree is drawn to scale and branch lengths represent number of base differences per site (p-distance). Bootstrap (1,000 replicates) support shown for major branches.

Fig. 3. Sequence variation among 4 internal transcribed spacer 2 in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 3. Sequence variation among 4 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) genotypes identified from Oligonychus perseae populations in California,Mexico, and Costa Rica. Genotypes are named according to 3 genetic clusters identified from cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) haplotypes (see Fig. 2).

Fig. 4 in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 4. Divergence in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) rRNA region among Oligonychus perseae specimens with deeply diverged mitochondrial haplotypes (see Fig. 2). Additional sequences from Ben-David et al. (2007), Guzmán-Valencia et al. (2014), and Perez-Sayas et al. (unpublished). Neighborjoining tree constructed in MEGA version 6.06. Tree is drawn to scale and branch lengths represent number of base differences per site (p-distance). Bootstrap (1,000 replicates) support shown for major branches.

Fig. 2. Genealogical relationships among 11 cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 2. Genealogical relationships among 11 cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) haplotypes detected in Oligonychus perseae populations in California, Mexico, and Costa Rica. Additional congeneric and outgroup sequences were retrieved from GenBank. Maximum likelihood tree constructed from a 305 base pair section of COI using PhyML. Support (aLRT) for major branches is shown.

Fig. 1 in Population genetics of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) collected from avocados in Mexico and California

Fig. 1. Map showing Oligonychus perseae collection sites (filled circles) from California (USA), Mexico, and Costa Rica (gray areas). See Table 1 for further site details.

Fig. 11 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 11. Transmission electron micrograph of an epimastigote and an amastigote of G2 (Clade A). (A) Epimastigote in culture; Ax: Axoneme showing nine doublets of microtubules surrounding a central pair; Ac: Acidocalcisomes; Arrow: Subpellicular microtubules. (B) Amastigote inside a VERO cell. Scale bars = 0.5 µm (A), 1 µm (B).

Fig. 9 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 9. Infection of Vero (A) and L6 cells (B) with G2 (Clade A) and T. cruzi as a positive control of infection (Diff-Quick stained). (A) Intracellular amastigotes of G2. (B) Intracellular amastigotes of T. cruzi. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 8 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 8. Epimastigotes of G1 and G2 (Clade A) arranged in rosettes in culture. (A) Diff-Quick stained rosettes. (B) Rosettes in fresh wet preparations showing numerous intracellular acidocalcisomes. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 7 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 7. Light microscopy of Diff-Quick stained blood and culture forms of G1 and G2 (Clade A) (A) Trypomastigote in blood of a woylie naturally infected; (B) slender epimastigote in culture; (C and D) shaped epimastigote in culture; (E) spheromastigote in culture; (F) spheromastigotes dividing in culture. Scale bars = 10 µm.

Fig. 6 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 6. Structures suggestive of amastigotes (arrows) of G2 (Clade A) in heart tissue positive by PCR (H&E stained). Scale bars = (A) 20 µm, (B) 10 µm.

Fig. 5 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 5. Histopathology of two woylies naturally infected with G2 (Clade A) (H&E stained). (A) Multifocal, moderate to severe, chronic, pyogranulomatous myocarditis and (B) endocarditis. (C) Mineralisation of heart tissue. (D) Tongue showing multifocal, moderate, chronic, pyogranulomatous glossitis. (E) Skeletal muscle degeneration. (F) Inflammatory cells around a blood vessel. Scale bars = 20 µm.

Fig. 3 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 3. Phylogenetic relationships of the new trypanosome isolates from Western Australian marsupials based on gGAPDH sequences (~810 bp) using Mr Bayes. The tree was rooted with five sequences as outgroups. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. Bar, 0.07 substitutions per site.

Fig. 10 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 10. Scanning electron micrograph of G2 (Clade A) grown in culture with Vero cells. (A) Trypomastigote invading a cell, with the flagella still external to the cell. (B) Dead cell(s) surrounded by amastigotes and trypomastigotes. Scale bars = 2 µm (A), 4 µm (B).

Fig. 4 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 4. Prevalence of infection with trypanosomes within the different clades in woylies from the stable and declining populations. 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).

Fig. 2 in Trypanosomes genetic diversity, polyparasitism and the population decline of the critically endangered Australian marsupial, the brush tailed bettong or woylie (Bettongia penicillata)

Fig. 2. Phylogenetic analysis of the relationships between Australian trypanosomes based on 18S rDNA sequences. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by the Bayesian method sequences (~1410 bp). (B) Phylogenetic position of shorter 18S rDNA sequences (786 bp) CHA1, TRY1, TRY2, WYA1, WYA2, BDA1, Q3, Q10, GP63 and GP94. Threes were rooted with from Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at nodes. In red: trypanosome genotypes found in this study. Bar, 0.2 substitutions per site.

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Fig. 1 in Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Brazilian wildlife revealed abundant new genotypes

Fig. 1. Phylogenetic network analysis of Toxoplasma gondii from wildlife in Brazil. Genotype ID and the representative strain are listed for each taxonomic branch. Reference strains are in black, the strains from this study are in red, and the Amazonic reference strains that did not cluster together are in boxes. Inside the circle are listed all the genotypes obtained from the Amazon region which are in the same branch as other isolates from this biome.

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Fig. 2 in Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii from Brazilian wildlife revealed abundant new genotypes

Fig. 2. Geographical distribution of the genotypes of Toxoplasma gondii from wildlife in Brazil. Samples are grouped by states. Sample size is represented by the size of the bar and the number written in brackets. The smallest bar represents one genotype. Color code: green, purple, red and blue are for BrI, BrII, previously described atypical genotypes and new atypical genotypes, respectively.