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558 results for “Species interactions”
Data from: Hybridization between two gartersnake species (Thamnophis) of conservation concern: A threat or an important natural interaction?
Distinguishing between hybrid zones formed by secondary contact versus parapatric divergence-with-gene-flow is an important challenge for understanding the interplay of geographic isolation and local adaptation in the origin of species. Similarly, distinguishing between natural hybrid zones and those that formed as a consequence of recent human activities has important conservation implications. Recent work has demonstrated the existence of a narrow hybrid zone between the plains gartersnake (Thamnophis radix) and Butler's gartersnake (T. butleri) in the Great Lakes region of North America, raising questions about the history and conservation value of genetically admixed populations. Both taxa are of conservation concern, and it is not clear whether to regard hybridization as a threat or a natural interaction. Here we use phylogeographic and population genetic methods to assess the timescales of divergence and hybridization, and test for evidence that the hybrid zone is of recent origin. We assayed AFLP markers and ND2 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequences from T. radix, T. butleri, and the closely related short-headed gartersnake (T. brachystoma) throughout their North American ranges. We find shallow mtDNA divergence overall and high levels of variation within the contact zone. These patterns are inconsistent with recent contact of long-diverged taxa. It is not possible to distinguish true divergence-with-gene-flow from a long-term secondary contact zone, but we infer that the hybrid zone is a long-standing, natural interaction.
Figure 5 from: Tepe E, Rodríguez-Castañeda G, Glassmire A, Dyer L (2014) Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru. PhytoKeys 34: 19-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376
Figure 5 - A colony of Pheidole ants nesting inside a petiole of Piper kelleyi.
Figure 1 from: Rousse P, van Noort S (2014) Afrotropical Ophioninae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae): an update of Gauld and Mitchell's revision, including two new species and an interactive matrix identification key. ZooKeys 456: 59-73. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.456.8140
Figure 1 - Wing venation terminology and alar indices (after Gauld and Mitchell 1978).
Figure 1 from: Rasoloariniaina JR, Ganzhorn JU, Riemann JC, Raminosoa N (2016) Water quality and biotic interaction of two cavefish species: Typhleotris madagascariensis Petit, 1933 and Typhleotris mararybe Sparks & Chakrabarty, 2012, in the Mahafaly Plateau groundwater system, Madagascar. Subterranean Biology 18: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.18.8321
Figure 1 - Study area and survey sites for Typhleotris spp.
Species-specific transcriptomic network inference of interspecies interactions
GEO Series GSE113134. Thermosynechococcus vestitus BP-1; Meiothermus ruber. 20 samples. Type: Expression profiling by high throughput sequencing.
Data from: Hybridization between two gartersnake species (Thamnophis) of conservation concern: A threat or an important natural interaction?
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Plant-pollinator interactions over 120 years: loss of species, co-occurrence, and function
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Characterizing the interactions between a naturally-primed IgA (mAb 260.8) and its conserved Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron species-specific epitope in gnotobiotic mice [array]
GEO Series GSE65455. Methanobrevibacter smithii; Lachnospira eligens; Phocaeicola vulgatus; Parabacteroides distasonis; Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron; Agathobacter rectalis. 12 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
FIGS 1–4 in New records of interaction between Pseudoxenos (Strepsiptera) and the solitary wasp Pachodynerus grandis in Brazil (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae) with an updated worldwide checklist of eumenine host species of Pseudoxenos
FIGS 1–4. Females of Pachodynerus grandis Willink & Roig-Alsina, 1998. Figs. 1–2. Female 1: two male pupae of Pseudoxenos Saunders, 1872, one between third and fourth terga and one between fourth and fith metasomal terga. FIGS. 3–4. Female 2: one male pupa of Pseudoxenos between fourth and fifth metasomal terga. Figs 5–6. Males of Pachodynerus grandis. Fig. 5. Male 1: one male pupa of Pseudoxenos, between fourth and fifth metasomal terga. Fig. 6. Male 2: one male pupa of Pseudoxenos, between fourth and fifth metasomal sterna. Scale bar for Figs. 1–6=1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in First record of the interaction between the arthropod-pathogenic fungus Gibellula and a new species of harvestman Auranus (Stygnidae) narrowly endemic to the Brazilian rain forest
FIGURE 1. Schematic drawing of Auranus quilombola sp. nov. (Holotype, UFPB OP-901), showing main external characters. A) Dorsal habitus, B) Lateral view of the body, C) Dorsal view of left leg (trochanter, femur, patella, and tibia), D) Ventral view of left leg (trochanter, femur, patella, and tibia), E) Right pedipalp (tibia and tarsus). Scale = 1 mm.
Fig. 3 in Flowering phenology of co-occurring Asteraceae: a matter of climate, ecological interactions, plant attributes or of evolutionary relationships among species?
Fig. 3 Flowering phenology of 43 Asteraceae species in Chaco Serrano forests of La SerranitaLos Aromos separated in three groups: (A) 'massive blooming', (B) 'sparse blooming', (C) 'intermediate' species (see Results Section). Numbers indicate the species detailed in Table 1; lines represent their flowering times; ♦ = flowering midpoint (week in center of recorded flowering period)
Figure 2 in Are spider communities influenced by urbanisation? An approach using species and guilds resolutions and their interaction with the anthropogenic environment
Figure 2. Comparison between sampling site location of mean and SEM abundances (a) and richness (b) of total spiders collected and per guild assessed by GLMMs. Location references: Urban = black bars; Suburban = grey bars. * = p <0.05.
Figure 1 in Review of the interactions of an ecological keystone species, Aechmea distichantha Lem. (Bromeliaceae), with the associated fauna
Figure 1. Aechmea distichantha has (a) terrestrial and (b) epiphytic habits. (c) Its leaf axils are inhabited by vertebrates. (d) Pollinators visit their inflorescences and (e) some animal species construct their nests and lay their eggs protected beneath the spiny leaves in the inter-ramet space.
Dataset on frugivory interactions among tree and animal species in Afrotropical forests
<p>We present the dataset on frugivory interactions among tree and animal species in Afrotropical forests used in the article titled “Trait-matching and sampling effort shape the structure of the frugivory network in Afrotropical forests” by Durand-Bessart C, Cordeiro N, Chapman C, Abernethy K, Forget P-M, Fontaine C and Bretagnolle F; published in NewPhytologist.</p> <p>This dataset was created by the compilation of 256 literature sources, and involved 807 tree and 285 frugivore species across Afrortropical forests. Species characteristics are also included.</p> <p> </p>
Interactions between reactive oxygen species stress and brassinosteroid hormone signaling in Arabidopsis seedlings
GEO Series GSE20756. Arabidopsis thaliana. 16 samples. Type: Expression profiling by array.
Supplementary materials for "The importance of biological variables in SDMs of species with strict interactions: a case study with a hairworm and its hosts"
<p>Species distribution model (SDM) has conventionally been based mainly on abiotic factors, i.e., temperature and precipitation variables. Although recent studies have shown that incorporating biotic factors may improve the model performance, only few empirical studies could effectively incorporate biotic factors in SDMs. Here we used a parasite and host system to investigate whether incorporating biotic information can improve SDM. Specifically, SDM of the parasite based on hosts’ distributions can be helpful because the distribution of the parasite may depend on the dispersal ability of the hosts. We evaluated the most important layer, including the SDMs of its three hosts, for predicting the distribution of the parasitic horsehair worm <em>Chordodes formosanus</em>.<br> We retrieved presence points for three host species and the parasite. We first built the three hosts’ SDMs. We subsequently built SDMs for the parasite with MaxEnt implemented in ENMeval by using bioclim variables (chosen according to VIF values) and the aforementioned host SDMs built at 30 seconds scale. In addition, we evaluated niche overlap among hosts and parasite according to five similarity indices (Schoener’s D, I statistic, relative rank, Pearson correlation coefficient and the rank correlation coefficient rho).<br> According to percentage and permutation importance, the presence of the Taiwanese giant mantis, <em>Titanodula formosana</em>, was the main variable that explained the distribution of <em>C. formosanus</em>. In addition, habitat suitability models showed high similarity between hosts and the parasite, according to niche overlap estimations.<br> Accounting for biological interaction is critical for SDM as shown here that the distribution of the main final host effectively predicts the distribution of the parasite. Additionally, SDMs can be helpful to prioritize host sampling and by consequence parasite sampling, too. SDMs are reliable tools for host and parasite conservation management and it is hoped their use will help to improve biological and ecological knowledge of parasites.</p>
Data from: Parasite have variable effects on the outcomes of host species interactions
<p>Despite the ubiquitous nature of parasitism, the general effects of how parasitism alters the outcome of host species interactions such as competition, mutualism, predation, and reproduction remain unknown. Using a meta-analysis of 178 studies, we examined how the outcomes of diverse species interactions differed between parasitized and non-parasitized hosts. We also evaluated how the effects of parasitism on species interactions varied geographically with latitude. Overall, parasitism had relatively large deleterious effects on the outcome of host species interactions. However, there was considerable variation among interactions in these outcomes, with reproduction severely negatively affected, marginal effects on competition, and muted effects on predation – the latter results emanating because of the surprising tendency of parasitism to frequently reduce the effects of competition and predation. The effects of parasites did not differ between macro- and microparasites, nor did the shared evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites have an effect. Parasites had detrimental effects on the outcomes of species interactions near the equator, but more variable effects at temperate and higher latitudes. These results highlight the need to better understand how parasitism can affect the multitude of complex species interactions that structure biological communities.</p>
The impact of breeding experience and social status on group interactions and fitness in a communally breeding species
<p>In group breeding species, not only prior breeding experiences, but also an individual's social status and that of the group members it interacts with, may influence an individual's future behaviour and fitness. Here, we report an experimental study on the facultatively communal breeding burying beetles, <em>Nicrophorus vespilloides</em>, in which we tested the combined effects of prior breeding experience and dominance status (dominant vs. subordinate) of focal individuals and those of other group members on aggressive interactions, parental investment and fitness during a future breeding event. In the presence of inexperienced subordinates, there was less aggressiveness towards experienced dominants than to inexperienced dominants, which resulted in a lower injury degree of dominants. Compared to inexperienced dominant or subordinate individuals, experienced dominants with prior breeding experience increased their parental investment, whereas experienced subordinates reduced their parental investment and by doing so avoid the escalation of aggressive interactions. Consequently, dominants may benefit from the presence of experienced subordinates because they gain enhanced benefits in reproduction, or suffer less from aggressive interactions with others. Our results highlight the importance of an individual's own breeding experience and social status and that of other group members for mediating individual behaviour and social interactions in groups resulting in higher net fitness.</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.