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FIGURES 72–76. Adelosgryllus endogeus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 72–76. Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. phallic sclerite of the paratype ♂ (ISLA 66155); 72—dorsal view; 73—ventral view; 74—lateral view; 75—frontal view; 76—diagonal view. Abbreviations: Male genitalia: Ps.m.l, pseudepiphallic median lophy; PsP1, pseudepiphallic paramere 1; Ps.P1.p, inner projection of pseudepiphallic papamere 1; PsP2, pseudepiphallic paramere 2; Ps.M.Pr, pseudepiphallic median projection; Ec.Ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ec.Arc, ectophallic arch; Ec.F, ectophallic fold; End.Sc, endophallic sclerite; Ec.Pr, ectophallic projection; R, rami.
FIGURES 52–59. Adelosgryllus megapterus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 52–59. Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. holotype morphology. 52—head in frontal view; 53—head in lateral and superior view; 54—pronotum in dorsal view; 55—right tegmen in lateral view; 56—right tegmen in dorsal view; 57—subgenital plate, ventral view; 58—subgenital and supra-anal plates, lateral view; 59—supra-anal plate, dorsal view.
FIGURES 63–64. Adelosgryllus megapterus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 63–64. Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. holotype right tegmen, ventral and lateral view, respectively. Abbreviations: medium-longitudinal vein (L); diagonal vein (DV); cubital 1 (Cu1); medial (M); radial (R); subcostal (Sc); anal 3 (3A); anal 2 (2A); anal 1 (1A); pars stridens (Cu2*) (stridulatory file); harp cross-vein (Hcv); mirror cross-vein (Mcv).
FIGURES 43–45 in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 43–45. Study area and habitats of Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. 43—Entrance of Explosão cave; 44—Explosão cave inner conduit; 45—Living specimen of Adelosgryllus xambioa inside the cave.
FIGURES 85–87. Adelosgryllus endogeus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 85–87. Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. holotype's legs III and I morphology. 85—tibia III, subapical spurs (S.S) and apical spurs (a, b, c, d, f, g), external view; 86—tibia III, subapical spurs (S.S) and apical spurs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g), internal view; 87—leg I and auditory tympanum, inner view.
FIGURES 18–19. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 18–19. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. holotype right tegmen, ventral and lateral view, respectively. Abbreviations: medium-longitudinal vein (L); diagonal vein (DV); cubital 1 (Cu1); medial (M); radial (R); subcostal (Sc); anal 3 (3A); anal 2 (2A); anal 1 (1A); pars stridens (Cu2*) (stridulatory file); harp cross-vein (Hcv); mirror cross-vein (Mcv).
FIGURES 20–24 in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 20–24. Study area and habitats of Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. 20—Internal chamber of SL-79 cave; 21—small passage inside the SL-82 cave; 22—living specimen of Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. inside the SL-121 cave; 23–Locals inside the SL-121 cave where crickets are usually sheltered; 24—Entrance of SL-79 cave.
FIGURES 41–42. Adelosgryllus xambioa n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 41–42. Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. holotype right tegmen, ventral and lateral view, respectively. Abbreviations: medium-longitudinal vein (L); diagonal vein (DV); cubital 1 (Cu1); medial (M); radial (R); subcostal (Sc); anal 3 (3A); anal 2 (2A); anal 1 (1A); pars stridens (Cu2*) (stridulatory file); harp cross-vein (Hcv); mirror cross-vein (Mcv).
FIGURES 97–102 in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 97–102. Study area and habitats of Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp.. 970—Karst area from Pains region; 98—Detail of the area where the subterranean traps were installed; 99—General aspect of the traps after the removal of the litter; 100— Removal of a set of traps form one burrow; 101—A single trap in which is possible to see a specimen of Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp.. 102—Detail of the trap interior, highlighting the specimen of Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. (white circle).
FIGURES 90–96. Adelosgryllus endogeus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 90–96. Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. female morphology (ISLA 66156). 90—body dorsal; 91—subgenital plate; 92—subgenital and supra-anal plates, lateral view; 93—supra-anal plate; 94, 95 and 96—ovipositor apex, dorsal, lateral and ventral view, respectively.
FIGURES 77–84. Adelosgryllus endogeus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 77–84. Adelosgryllus endogeus n. sp. holotype morphology. 77—head in frontal view; 78—head in lateral and superior view; 79—pronotum in dorsal view; 80—right tegmen in lateral view; 81—right tegmen in dorsal view; 82—subgenital plate, ventral view; 83—subgenital and supra-anal plates, lateral view; 84—supra-anal plate, dorsal view.
FIGURES 7–14. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 7–14. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. holotype morphology. 7—head in frontal view; 8—head in lateral and superior view; 9—pronotum in dorsal view; 10—right tegmen in lateral view; 11—right tegmen in dorsal view; 12—subgenital plate, ventral view; 13—subgenital and supra-anal plates, lateral view; 14—supra-anal plate, dorsal view.
FIGURES 30–37. Adelosgryllus xambioa n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 30–37. Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. holotype morphology. 30—head in frontal view; 31—head in lateral and superior view; 32—pronotum in dorsal view; 33—right tegmen in lateral view; 34—right tegmen in dorsal view; 35—subgenital plate, ventral view; 36—subgenital and supra-anal plates, lateral view; 37—supra-anal plate, dorsal view.
FIGURES 2–6. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 2–6. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. phallic sclerite of the paratype ♂ (ISLA 66166); 2—dorsal view; 3—ventral view, 4—lateral view; 5—frontal view; 6—diagonal view; Abbreviations: Male genitalia: Ps.m.l, pseudepiphallic median lophy; PsP1, pseudepiphallic paramere 1; Ps.P1.p, inner projection of pseudepiphallic papamere 1; PsP2, pseudepiphallic paramere 2; Ps.M.Pr, pseudepiphallic median projection; Ec.Ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ec.Arc, ectophallic arch; Ec.F, ectophallic fold; End. Sc, endophallic sclerite; Ec.Pr, ectophallic projection; R, rami.
FIGURES 15–17. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 15–17. Adelosgryllus ferratilis n. sp. holotype's legs III and I morphology. 15—tibia III, subapical spurs (S.S) and apical spurs (a, b, c, d, f, g), external view; 16—tibia III, subapical spurs (S.S) and apical spurs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g), internal view; 17—leg I and auditory tympanum, inner view.
FIGURES 25–29. Adelosgryllus xambioa n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 25–29. Adelosgryllus xambioa n. sp. phallic sclerite of the paratype ♂ (ISLA 66153); 25—dorsal view; 26—ventral view; 27—lateral view; 28—frontal view; 29—diagonal view. Abbreviations: Male genitalia: Ps.m.l, pseudepiphallic median lophy; PsP1, pseudepiphallic paramere 1; Ps.P1.p, inner projection of pseudepiphallic papamere 1; PsP2, pseudepiphallic paramere 2; Ps.M.Pr, pseudepiphallic median projection; Ec.Ap, ectophallic apodeme; Ec.Arc, ectophallic arch; Ec.F, ectophallic fold; End.Sc, endophallic sclerite; Ec.Pr, ectophallic projection; R, rami.
FIGURES 60–62. Adelosgryllus megapterus n in Expanding the taxonomic knowledge of Adelosgryllus Mesa & Zefa, 2004 (Orthoptera: Grylloidea: Phalangopsidae): description of four new species for Brazilian subterranean habitats
FIGURES 60–62. Adelosgryllus megapterus n. sp. holotype's legs III and I morphology. 60—tibia III, subapical spurs (S.S) and apical spurs (a, b, c, d, f, g), external view; 61—tibia III, subapical spurs (S.S) and apical spurs (a, b, c, d, e, f, g), internal view; 62—leg I and auditory tympanum, inner view.
FIGURE 1 in A new diminutive subterranean eel loach species of the genus Pangio (Teleostei: Cobitidae) from Southern India
FIGURE 1. Pangio pathala holotype (KUFOS.FT.2020.1, 32.1 mm SL) (A) in life, and (B–F) in preservative.
Bite force in the strictly subterranean rodent family of African mole-rats (Bathyergidae): the role of digging mode, social organisation, and ecology
<p>Bite force is an ecologically relevant performance trait that has been measured to better understand the adaptations to diet and habitat use. Moreover, bite force is relevant in understanding reproductive success, as well as inter- and intraspecific competition. African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) are a unique clade of mammals that use different digging strategies, show different types of social organisation, and occur in ecologically diverse savannah habitats in Sub-Saharan Africa. Whereas previous studies have suggested these animals have exceptionally high bite forces, the ecological and other proximate and ultimate drivers of variation in bite force in the group remain unstudied. In the present study we measured in vivo bite force of 394 adult specimens from ten African mole-rat species including all genera within the family. Our results show that in African mole-rats digging mode is a major driver of variation in bite force, with chisel-tooth diggers being stronger biters than scratch-diggers. Moreover, species living in habitats characterised by low and irregular precipitation patterns and in soils with a high content of coarse particles have a higher bite force than species occupying habitats with a regular rainfall pattern and fine soil types. This suggests that bite force in bathyergids has evolved in concert with rainfall and soil characteristics of different savannah habitats, which have contributed to the successful radiation of these subterranean mammals across sub-Saharan Africa.</p>
FIGURE 19 in Three new subterranean species of the genus Speocera (Araneae, Ochyroceratidae) from caves of the Carajás area in the state of Pará, Brazil
FIGURE 19. Distribution maps: A Location of the study area (Carajás region) in the state of Pará, Brazil; B Distribution of three species in Carajás area, Pará State; C Speocera piquira sp. nov. (red circles); D Speocera babau sp. nov. (yellow triangles) E S. pinima sp. nov. (blue crosses).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.