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Data from: Dealing with allometry in linear and geometric morphometrics: a taxonomic case study in the Leporinus cylindriformis group (Characiformes: Anostomidae) with description of a new species from Suriname
To achieve maximum efficacy, taxonomic studies that seek to distinguish amongst species must first account for allometric shape variation within species. Two recently developed software packages (SMATR and MorphoJ) offer regression-based allometric approaches that are notable for their statistical power and ease of use and that may prove highly useful to taxonomists working with linear or geometric morphometric data. We investigate species delimitation of the slender-bodied fishes in the Leporinus cylindriformis group using these programs and demonstrate the utility of the allometric corrections that they provide. Without allometric correction, many pairs of species are difficult to distinguish on the basis of morphometrics, but once regressions are used to account for marked allometric variation within species, most of the recognized species in this group can be readily distinguished with linear or geometric morphometrics, particularly using variation in the depth of the body. Both approaches returned congruent patterns of separation amongst putative species, but the geometric approach in MorphoJ distinguished amongst four more pairs of species than did the linear approach in SMATR and appears to provide slightly more statistical power. Based on distinctive morphometrics, meristics, and coloration, a highly elongate species of Leporinus from the Suriname, Corantijn, and Coppename rivers of Suriname is described herein as a new species, Leporinus apollo sp. nov. The unique L. cylindriformis holotype from Porto de Moz, Brazil differs in morphology, meristics, and pigmentation from specimens commonly referred to that species from the main basin of the Amazon; the latter specimens may represent an additional undescribed species. The L. cylindriformis holotype itself may represent a rare species or a specimen collected at the edge of its native range. Measurements of the holotype and paratype of Leporinus niceforoi, which were collected in the Amazonian slope of Colombia, differ substantially from similarly pigmented and putatively conspecific specimens from Amazonian portions of Ecuador and Peru. Recently collected specimens from Colombia are needed to determine whether the observed morphometric variation encompassed by the current concept of L. niceforoi indicates a morphocline within a single species, suggests the presence of multiple cryptic species, or results from shrinkage of the types. In all these cases, linear or geometric morphometric data can reliably differentiate amongst species, but only after one accounts for allometric shape variation. The new SMATR and MorphoJ software packages both offer easy and effective approaches to such allometrically informed taxonomy, and may prove useful to any systematist working on taxa that change shape as they grow.
FIGURE 3 in The taxonomic status and sister group relationship of the cardinalfish species Jaydia striatodes (Percomorphaceae: Apogonidae)
FIGURE 3. Neighbour-joining tree based on the HKY + I + G model (-ln L = 2904.0452, A: C: G: T = 0.2642: 0.2966: 0.1605: 0.2787, I = 0.6360, G = 1.7440) using COI gene fragment sequence of J. striatodes, J. striata and six other Jaydia species. Numbers on the branches indicate bootstrap support for the nodes from the likelihood, parsimony and neighbor-joining analyses (from the left in that order, bootstrap values>50% from 1000 replicates are shown). The tree was rooted using Apogonichthyoides niger and Nectamia fusca as outgroups.
FIGURE 2 in The taxonomic status and sister group relationship of the cardinalfish species Jaydia striatodes (Percomorphaceae: Apogonidae)
FIGURE 2. (a) Jaydia striatodes (ZMNH AF0000119), 57.3 mm SL, Beibu Gulf, China (Zhengsen Yu); (b) Jaydia striata (KAUM–I. 47748), 53.2 mm SL, Ryoung, Thailand (Hiroyuki Motomura, courtesy of the Kagoshima University Museum, Japan).
FIGURES 1–8 in A taxonomic revision of the kalshoveni species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with descriptions of six new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURES 1–8. Adults of Nemophora kalshoveni species-group. 1, N. kalshoveni Diakonoff, 1951, male, from Cisaura; 2, N. humerella sp. nov., male, holotype, from Sangir Island; 3, N. agassizi sp. nov., female, holotype, from Wabag; 4, N. dohertyi sp. nov., male, holotype, from Fakfak; 5, N. bistrigata sp. nov., male, holotype, from Jayapura; 6, N. toxopeusi sp. nov., female, holotype, from Irian Jaya; 7, N. stenopterella sp. nov., female, holotype, from Irian Jaya; 8, labels of the holotype of N. kalshoveni Diakonoff. Scale: 2 mm.
FIGURES 18-37 in A taxonomic revision of the kalshoveni species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with descriptions of six new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURES 18-37. Male genitalia of Nemophora kalshoveni species-group. 18–22, N. kalshoveni Diakonoff; 23–27, N. humerella sp. nov.; 28–32, N. dohertyi sp. nov.; 33–37, N. bistrigata sp. nov. 18, 23, 28, 33: genital complex, ventral view (right valva not shown); 19, 24, 29, 34: genital complex, lateral view; 20, 25, 30, 35: juxta; 21, 26, 31, 36: phallus, ventral view; 22, 27, 32, 37: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 38–41 in A taxonomic revision of the kalshoveni species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with descriptions of six new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURES 38–41. Male genitalia of Nemophora kalshoveni species-group. 38–39, N. kalshoveni Diakonoff, gen. prep. 29460 (NHM); 40–41, N. dohertyi sp. nov., holotype, gen. prep. 29459 (NHM); 38, 40: genital complex, ventral view; 39: phallus, ventral view; 41: phallus, lateral view. Scale: 0.5 mm.
FIGURES 10–17 in A taxonomic revision of the kalshoveni species-group of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae), with descriptions of six new species from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea
FIGURES 10–17. Forewing pattern and venation of Nemophora kalshoveni species-group. 10, N. kalshoveni Diakonoff; 11, N. humerella sp. nov.; 12, N. agassizi sp. nov.; 13, N. dohertyi sp. nov.; 14, 16, N. bistrigata sp. nov.; 15, N. toxopeusi sp. nov.; 17 N. stenopterella sp. nov. Scale: 2 mm.
FIGURES 3–8 in Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species
FIGURES 3–8. Male genitalia Grammia nevadensis group species; caudoventral aspect of genital capsule (a) and aedeagus with vesica everted, right lateral aspect. 3) G. nevadensis superba (Oliver, BC), 4) G. behrii (Kern Co., CA), 5) G. incorrupta (Pima Co., AZ), 6) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB), 7) G. eureka (PARATYPE, Eureka, UT), 8) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Mesa Co., CO).
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species
FIGURE 1. Adult males of the Grammia nevadensis species group, a) G. n. nevadensis (Winnemuca, Humboldt Co., NV); b) G. n. superba (Victoria, Vancouver Is., BC); c) G. n. geneura (Estes Park, Larimer Co., CO); d) G. n. gibsoni (Burstall dunes, SK); e) G. behrii (Eight Dollar Mtn., Josephine Co., OR); f) G. i n c o r r u p t a (Comanche Natl. Grassland, Baca Co., CO); g) G. williamsii (Jenner, AB); h) G. eureka (HOLOTYPE, Eureka, Juab Co., UT); i) G. bowmani (PARATYPE, Black Ridge, Mesa Co., CO).
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomic review of the Grammia nevadensis species group (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) with descriptions of`two new species
FIGURE 2. Reproduction of illustration accompanying original description of Arctia behrii male (Stretch 1872, pg. 75, plate 3 fig 12).
FIGURES 20–24. Habitus. 20, A in Two new species in the Anthaxia (Anthaxia) candens (Panzer, 1793) speciesgroup from Iran and Turkey, with taxonomic notes on the group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
FIGURES 20–24. Habitus. 20, A. (Anthaxia) lucens urens Abeille de Perrin, female, 8.5 mm; 21, A. (A.) jenisi new species, holotype, female, 7.9 mm; 22, A. (A.) pyrosoma new species, holotype, male, 6.2 mm; 23, A. (A.) lucens lucens Küster, female, 7.5 mm; 24, A. (A.) candens (Panzer), male, 9.0 mm.
FIGURES 15–19. Habitus. 15 in Two new species in the Anthaxia (Anthaxia) candens (Panzer, 1793) speciesgroup from Iran and Turkey, with taxonomic notes on the group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
FIGURES 15–19. Habitus. 15, Anthaxia (Anthaxia) rutilipennis Abeille de Perrin, male, 7.5 mm; 16, A. (A.) turcica Svoboda, male, 7.0 mm; 17, A. (A.) superba Abeille de Perrin, female, 7.2 mm; 18, A. (A.) ariadna Bílý, male, 11.5 mm; 19, A. (A.) vittula Kiesenvetter, male, 7.0 mm.
FIGURES 1–14 in Two new species in the Anthaxia (Anthaxia) candens (Panzer, 1793) speciesgroup from Iran and Turkey, with taxonomic notes on the group (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)
FIGURES 1–14. Aedeagi: 1, Anthaxia (Anthaxia) rutilipennis Abeille de Perrin; 2, A. (A.) turcica Svoboda; 3, A. (A.) vittula Kiesenwetter; 4, A. (A.) ariadna Bílý; 5, A. (A.) pyrosoma new species; 6, A. (A.) candens (Panzer); 7, A. (A.) lucens lucens Küster. Male metatibiae: 8, Anthaxia (A.) rutilipennis; 9, A. (A.) turcica; 10, A. (A.) vittula; 11, A. (A.) pyrosoma new species; 12, A. (A.) candens; 13, A. (A.) lucens lucens; 14, A. (A.) ariadna.
FIGURES 7–12 in A new species, new synonymy, and taxonomic notes in the Anastrepha schausi group (Diptera: Tephritidae)
FIGURES 7–12. Anastrepha fuscicauda, terminalia (Panama: Altos de Pacora): 7, oviscape; 8, eversible membrane, dorsal (USNMENT00212780); 9, aculeus, ventral (USNMENT00212778); 10, aculeus tip, ventral; 11, epandrium and
FIGURES 3–6 in A new species, new synonymy, and taxonomic notes in the Anastrepha schausi group (Diptera: Tephritidae)
FIGURES 3–6. Wings: 3–4, Anastrepha fuscicauda (Panama: Altos de Pacora, USNMENT00212780; Cerro Jefe, USNMENT00214104); 5, A. lutea, female (Venezuela: La Chira, USNMENT00048651); 6, A. lutea, male (holotype, A.
FIGURES 1–2 in A new species, new synonymy, and taxonomic notes in the Anastrepha schausi group (Diptera: Tephritidae)
FIGURES 1–2. Anastrepha fuscicauda, habitus (Panama: Altos de Pacora): 1, female (Panama: Altos de Pacora,
FIGURES 13–14 in A new species, new synonymy, and taxonomic notes in the Anastrepha schausi group (Diptera: Tephritidae)
FIGURES 13–14. Anastrepha lutea, habitus (Venezuela: La Chira): 13, female (USNMENT00048654); 14, male
FIGURES 15–20 in Some taxonomic notes on the Caradrina (Eremodrina) filipjevi (Boursin, 1936) species group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
FIGURES 15–20. Caradrina spp., male (15, 16) and female (17–20) genitalia. 15, C. gyulaii ssp., China, Xinjiang, slide AV1322 Volynkin; 16, C. fergana, E Kazakhstan, slide AV1548 Volynkin; 17, Caradrina gyulaii, paratype of C. vargai, slide Hacker 13497; 18, Caradrina gyulaii, Uzbekistan, Karakalpakhstan, Takhtakupyr, slide Matov 0414; 19, C. gyulaii ssp., paratype, China, Xinjiang, slide AV1323 Volynkin; 20, C. fergana, E Kazakhstan, slide AV1560 Volynkin.
FIGURES 1–8. Caradrina spp., adults. 1, C in Some taxonomic notes on the Caradrina (Eremodrina) filipjevi (Boursin, 1936) species group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
FIGURES 1–8. Caradrina spp., adults. 1, C. gyulaii, holotype male, Turkmenistan, Repetek (photo by P. Gyulai) (PGM); 2, C. gyulaii, paratype male of C. vargai, SE Kazakhstan, Prov. Almaty (photo by G. & L. Ronkay) (GRB); 3, C. gyulaii, male, SW Kazakhstan, Ustyurt Plateau (ZISP); 4, C. gyulaii, female, SE Kazakhstan, 150 km NE of Almaty (ZISP); 5, C. gyulaii, male, Uzbekistan, Karakalpakhstan, Takhtakupyr (ZISP); 6, C. fergana, female, Tajikistan, Kondara valley (ZISP); 7, C. gyulaii ssp., male, China, Xinjiang (AVB); 8, C. gyulaii ssp., female, China, Xinjiang (AVB).
FIGURES 9–14. Caradrina gyulaii, male genitalia. 9 in Some taxonomic notes on the Caradrina (Eremodrina) filipjevi (Boursin, 1936) species group (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae)
FIGURES 9–14. Caradrina gyulaii, male genitalia. 9, holotype, Turkmenistan, Repetek, slide 13454 Hacker (photo by P. Gyulai); 10, Uzbekistan, Karakalpakhstan, Takhtakupyr, slide Matov 0431; 11, holotype of C. vargai, slide Hacker 13557 (after Hacker 2004); 12, paratype of C. vargai, slide Hacker 13633 (photo by G. & L. Ronkay); 13, SE Kazakhstan, 140 km NE of Almaty, slide Matov 0421; 14, SW Kazakhstan, Ustyurt Plateau, slide Matov 0413.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.