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643 results for “Troglobites”
Figure 3 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 3 - Base pair differences versus estimates of divergence in nicoletiids. Base pair differences in the 16S rRNA fragment is plotted against estimates of divergence times millions of years ago (Mya). Molecular clock calibrating points were extracted from: a populations of Anelpistina musticensis that got separated into different islands when the sea level rose after glacial times 12,000 years ago (Espinasa et al. 2011) b and c species of Prosthecina and d species of Anelpistina from Baja California that got separated from the mainland species when the Gulf of Cortes formed 5 mya (Espinasa et al. 2009) e time when nicoletiids arose from a common ancestor with Lepismatids 302 mya (Regier et al. 2010), and f time when insects arose from a common ancestor with anostraca in the Silurian-Ordovician boundary 427 mya (Gaunt and Miles 2002). The lower arrow indicates the 11–12 bp differences between the Sierra de Guatemala and the Sierra de El Abra Anelpistina populations. Such sequence difference is consistent with a common origin very recently, less than 12,000 years ago, and therefore after the environmental disturbances of the ice age.
Figure 2 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 2 - Anelpistina quinterensis is one of the most troglomorphic described species of nicoletiids. This relatively large eyeless insect is albino and has extremely elongated appendages. Its habitat is restricted to very humid portions of the caves such as mud banks. It is doubtful that it can survive in an epigean environment. Its habitat probably reflects connectivity within a karstic area throughout geologic times and during the evolutionary history of the species.
Figure 1 from: Espinasa L, D. Bartolo N, E. Newkirk C (2014) DNA sequences of troglobitic nicoletiid insects support Sierra de El Abra and the Sierra de Guatemala as a single biogeographical area: Implications for Astyanax. Subterranean Biology 13: 35-44. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.13.7256
Figure 1 - The Cañon de la Servilleta of the River Boquillas separates the contiguous Sierra de Guatemala, to the north, from the Sierra de El Abra, in the south. Limestone is restricted to the green forested hills. This study tested if this 100 m high, 100 m wide canyon was an effective biological barrier that prevented underground migration of troglobites between the two karstic areas.
Figure 20-21 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 20-21 - 20 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Juvenile (UFSCar). Ultimate pair of legs showing the length of the articles and the pilosity of the tibiae and tarsi 21 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Juvenile (UFSCar). Prefemur of the right ultimate leg showing the dorsomedial and ventral spinous processes. Scale bar for Figure 20 = 2 mm; 21 = 0.5 mm.
Figure 10-13 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 10-13 - 10 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Tergites 12, 13 and 14 11 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Tergites 22 and 23 12 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Segment 23. Ventral view 13 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Segment 23. Lateral view. Scale bar for Figure 10 = 2 mm; 11 = 1 mm; 12, 13 = 0.5 mm.
Figure 8-9 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 8-9 - 8 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Forcipular coxosternum 9 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Tooth plates. Scale bar for Figure 8 = 1 mm; 9 = 0.5 mm.
Figure 1 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 1 - Map of the area where Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. was found, Chapada Diamantina, Central Bahia. Author: D. M. von Schimonsky.
Figure 4-7 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 4-7 - 4 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Cephalic plate and first two tergites. 5 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Part of the cephalic plate showing the first two basal articles of the right antenna 6 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Cephalic plate and the first eight tergites showing the length of the right antenna 7 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Eleventh and twelfth articles showing the length and width. Scale bar for Figure 4, 5 = 1 mm; 6 = 2 mm; 7 = 0.5 mm.
Figure 3 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 3 - A live specimen showing the greenish coloration, displaying autogrooming in the natural habitat (Gruna do Cantinho Cave). Author: E. C. Igual.
Figure 17-19 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 17-19 - 17 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Juvenile (UFSCar). Habitus 18 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Juvenile (UFSCar). Forcipular coxosternum 19 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Juvenile (UFSCar). Tooth plates. Scale bar for Figure 17 = 2 mm; 18 = 1 mm; 19 = 0.5 mm.
Figure 14-16 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 14-16 - 14 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Ultimate right leg 15 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Prefemur of the ultimate right leg 16 Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n. Holotype (MNRJ). Dorsomedial and ventral spinous processes of the prefemur of the ultimate leg. Scale bar for Figure 14 = 2 mm; 15 = 1 mm; 16 = 0.5 mm.
Figure 2 from: Chagas-Jr A, Bichuette ME (2015) A new species of Scolopocryptops Newport: a troglobitic scolopocryptopine centipede from a remarkable siliciclastic area of eastern Brazil (Scolopendromorpha, Scolopocryptopidae, Scolopocryptopinae). ZooKeys 487: 97-110. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.487.9262
Figure 2 - The entrance of Gruna do Cantinho Cave (type locality of Scolopocryptops troglocaudatus sp. n.) with roots and rock blocks. Author: E. C. Igual.
Figure 4 from: Espinasa L, McCahill A, Kavanagh A, Espinasa J, Scott AM, Cahill A (2015) A troglobitic amphipod in the Ice Caves of the Shawangunk Ridge: Behavior and resistance to freezing. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4733
Figure 4 - Specimen of Stygobromus allegheniensis frozen in a solid block of ice. Specimens were alive and behaved normally when thawed up to two hours after being frozen.
Figure 3 from: Espinasa L, McCahill A, Kavanagh A, Espinasa J, Scott AM, Cahill A (2015) A troglobitic amphipod in the Ice Caves of the Shawangunk Ridge: Behavior and resistance to freezing. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4733
Figure 3 - Temperature preference of the amphipods inhabiting Ice Cave #1. When presented with a water temperature gradient, specimens spent most of the time swimming in water at 14.4 °C. Specimens showed a strong and immediate aversion to temperatures higher than about 18.5 °C, but not to low temperatures, with specimens walking directly on ice.
Figure 2 from: Espinasa L, McCahill A, Kavanagh A, Espinasa J, Scott AM, Cahill A (2015) A troglobitic amphipod in the Ice Caves of the Shawangunk Ridge: Behavior and resistance to freezing. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4733
Figure 2 - Adult and juvenile specimens of Stygobromus allegheniensis from Ice Cave #1 at Sam's Point Preserve. Gravid females have been found in this cave, indicating that they are reproducing in this environment. The species is fully depigmented, eyeless, with long appendages, typical of cave-adapted organisms. During the warm months they can be found in the pools and small streams in the tectonic caves of the Shawangunk Ridge.
Figure 1 from: Espinasa L, McCahill A, Kavanagh A, Espinasa J, Scott AM, Cahill A (2015) A troglobitic amphipod in the Ice Caves of the Shawangunk Ridge: Behavior and resistance to freezing. Subterranean Biology 15: 69-78. https://doi.org/10.3897/subtbiol.15.4733
Figure 1 - The Ice Caves at Sam's Point Preserve, NY. Environmental conditions become challenging for the survival of aquatic troglobionts during the winter months. A–B Entrance to Ice Cave #1 in summer (A) and winter (B) C Deep lake in Ice Cave #2 during the Summer D Frozen floor in Ice Cave #3 on winter E Walls in Ice Cave #1 become covered in ice during the winter, eventually blocking the passage to its deeper chambers.
Figures 4-6 from: de Souza ST, Morais ALM, Cordeiro LM, Leal-Zanchet AM (2015) The first troglobitic species of freshwater flatworm of the suborder Continenticola (Platyhelminthes) from South America. ZooKeys 470: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.470.8728
Figures 4-6 - Girardia multidiverticulata: 4 photograph of a live specimen in ventral view soon after sampling 5 photograph of a live specimen, in ventral view, fed at the laboratory 6 photograph of a preserved specimen in ventral view. The tip of the pharynx is protruded (arrow) through the mouth. Scale bar for the Fig. 4 not available.
Figures 7-10 from: de Souza ST, Morais ALM, Cordeiro LM, Leal-Zanchet AM (2015) The first troglobitic species of freshwater flatworm of the suborder Continenticola (Platyhelminthes) from South America. ZooKeys 470: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.470.8728
Figures 7-10 - Girardia multidiverticulata, holotype in sagittal section: 7–8 dorsal and ventral surfaces of the body, respectively 9–10 anterior and posterior tips of the body, respectively.
Figures 1-3 from: de Souza ST, Morais ALM, Cordeiro LM, Leal-Zanchet AM (2015) The first troglobitic species of freshwater flatworm of the suborder Continenticola (Platyhelminthes) from South America. ZooKeys 470: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.470.8728
Figures 1-3 - Type-locality of Girardia multidiverticulata: 1 location of the "Buraco do Bicho" cave, in Bodoquena Plateau, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil, showing the range of limestone outcrops and the adjacent "Serra da Bodoquena" National Park 2 schematical drawing of the "Buraco do Bicho" cave from where the flatworms were sampled 3 cave entrance (arrow).
Figure 14 from: de Souza ST, Morais ALM, Cordeiro LM, Leal-Zanchet AM (2015) The first troglobitic species of freshwater flatworm of the suborder Continenticola (Platyhelminthes) from South America. ZooKeys 470: 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.470.8728
Figure 14 - Girardia multidiverticulata: sagittal composite reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus of the holotype.
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