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10,735 results for “dependability”
Data from: Coincident development and synchronization of sleep-dependent delta in the cortex and medulla
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Olfactory learning in Pieris brassicae butterflies is dependent on the intensity of a plant-derived oviposition cue
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Data from: Mesocosm experiment reveals scale-dependence of movement tendencies in sticklebacks
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Data from: How density dependence, genetic erosion, and the extinction vortex impact evolutionary rescue
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Supplementary material and supplementary data files for: Handling logical character dependency in phylogenetic inference: Extensive performance testing of assumptions and solutions using simulated and empirical data
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Data from: Density-dependence produces spurious relationships among demographic parameters in a harvested species
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Data from: The spatial patterns of community composition, their environmental drivers and their spatial scale dependence vary markedly between fungal ecological guilds
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Detecting frequency-dependent selection through the effects of genotype similarity on fitness components
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Dissociable use-dependent processes for volitional goal-directed reaching
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The efficacy of selection may increase or decrease with selfing depending upon the recombination environment
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Data and R code for “Tree regeneration response to a shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal association and age”, Forest Ecology and Management, 2022
Atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition has led to an increase in N cycling and N availability. This increase in inorganic N is likely to impact forest ecosystems, although the responses remain uncertain. Most tree species are associated with one of two mycorrhiza types – arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM) or ectomycorrhiza (ECM). Due to functional differences in their ability to access soil nutrients, we might expect that increased N cycling and availability of inorganic N would benefit AM associated species, with negative or neutral impact for ECM associated species. This study addresses how the abundance of the regeneration layer responds to those shifting soil conditions, based on their mycorrhizal association. We used a long-term experiment located in a temperate deciduous forest, where the native acidic soils are low in nutrients. Soil treatments began in 2009, by adding lime and/or phosphate to raise pH and increase the availability of N and P. All trees ≥ 6.0 cm in 2010 were tagged and have been monitored with annual censuses. To quantity the density of the regeneration layer, seedlings and saplings were recorded in the control and limed plots in 2019. Trees that had recruited into the canopy (DBH ≥ 6.0 cm) were measured in 2020 in all treatment plots. Seedlings older than one year responded to the treatments as predicted, as AM seedlings increased by 42% in the lime treatment (1.53 ± 0.38 individuals per m2 in control, to 2.17 ± 0.56 in lime) and ECM seedlings decreased by 49% in response to liming (0.61 ± 0.14 individuals per m2 in control, to 0.31 ± 0.04 in lime). AM saplings also responded positively to liming, increasing 254% from control to lime (from 0.013 ± 0.003 to 0.046 ± 0.018 individuals per m2), while ECM sapling abundance was neutral (0.063 ± 0.015 individuals per m2 in control, and 0.054 ± 0.009 in lime). The highest number of ECM recruits was found in the control plots (34.4%), followed by phosphate (25.8%), lime + phosphate (21.5%), then lime (18.3%).
Context dependence of grassland plant mycorrhizal response, University of Kansas, 2021
Many of the disturbance-sensitive, late successional plant species in grasslands respond to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi more positively via growth and establishment than plants that readily establish in disturbed areas (i.e. early successional species). Inoculation with AM fungi can therefore aid the establishment of late successional species in disturbed areas. If the differential benefit of AM fungi to late vs. early successional plants is context-dependent, however, this advantage could be diminished in high phosphorus (P) post-agricultural soils or in future climates with altered precipitation. In this greenhouse experiment, we tested if late successional plant species are less plastic in their reliance on AM fungi than early successional plants by growing 17 tallgrass prairie plant species of different successional status (9 early and 8 late successional) in full factorial combinations of inoculated or uninoculated with AM fungi, with ambient or high P levels, and with low or high levels of water.
Data for Context-dependent biotic interactions control plant abundance across altitudinal environmental gradients, 2014, 2016, Colorado, USA
Many biotic interactions influence community structure, yet most distribution models for plants have focused on plant competition or used only abiotic variables to predict plant abundance. Furthermore, biotic interactions are commonly context-dependent across abiotic gradients. For example, plant-plant interactions can grade from competition to facilitation over temperature gradients. We used a hierarchical Bayesian framework to predict the abundances of 12 plant species across a mountain landscape and test hypotheses on the context-dependency of biotic interactions over abiotic gradients. We combined field-based estimates of six biotic interactions (foliar herbivory and pathogen damage, fungal root colonization, fossorial mammal disturbance, plant cover, and plant diversity) with abiotic data on climate and soil depth, nutrients, and moisture. All biotic interactions were significantly context-dependent along temperature gradients. Results supported the stress gradient hypothesis: As abiotic stress increased, the strength or direction of the relationship between biotic variables and plant abundance generally switched from negative (suggesting suppressed plant abundance) to positive (suggesting facilitation/mutualism). For half of the species, plant cover was the best predictor of abundance, suggesting that the prior focus on plant-plant interactions is well-justified. Explicitly incorporating the context-dependency of biotic interactions generated novel hypotheses about drivers of plant abundance across abiotic gradients and may improve the accuracy of niche models.
Data and R code for “Tree growth response to shifting soil nutrient economy depends on mycorrhizal associations”, New Phytologist, 2019.
The mycorrhizal-associated nutrient economy hypothesis proposes a strong connection between plant and fungal traits and the dominant form of soil nutrients. If true, then shifting from an organic to an inorganic nutrient economy should benefit arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) trees because they are more suited to acquiring inorganic forms of nutrients and have limited decomposing capabilities when compared to ectomycorrhizal (ECM) trees. An inorganic nutrient economy was experimentally promoted by applying inorganic phosphorus (P) fertilizer and/or elevating soil pH with lime in three Allegheny Plateau mixed mesophytic forests. Trees were measured over seven growing seasons to determine how growth responded to the treatments based on mycorrhizal association. AM-associated trees showed increased growth in response to increased inorganic nutrients, but ECM tree growth was suppressed when compared to the control. We also observed that understory and mid-story trees responded to the treatments, but large overstory trees showed no significant growth response. Results support the hypothesis that AM trees respond positively to an inorganic nutrient economy. While raising pH in acidic soils can be detrimental to ECM tree growth, the exact mechanism for this response is unclear
Can we manage a future with more fire? Effectiveness of defensible space treatment depends on housing amount and configuration
Context: Fire in forested wildland urban interface (WUI) landscapes is increasing throughout the western United States. Spatial patterns of fuels treatments affect fire behavior, but it is unclear how fire risk and fuel treatment effectiveness will change under future conditions. Objectives: (1) How do area burned, forest and fuel characteristics, and fire risk change over time under 21st-century climate? (2) When defensible space fuels treatments are applied around all houses, which scenarios of WUI housing amount and configuration minimize fire risk? Methods: In generic 10,000-ha US Northern Rocky Mountain subalpine forest landscapes, we simulated 21 scenarios differing in fuels treatment, housing amount and configuration (neutral landscape models), and projected future climate using the process-based model iLand. We compared fire risk at three scales: 1-ha home ignition zone (HIZ), 9-ha safe suppression zone (SSZ), and landscape. Results: Under warm-dry climate, annual area burned increased, but area burned at high fire intensity peaked in the 2060s and then declined sharply; fire risk followed similar trends. Defensible space treatments maintained low flame lengths in HIZs. Clustered housing was more effective at reducing SSZ risk compared to dispersed housing. At landscape scales, treating more of the landscape reduced fire risk but configuration was unimportant. Conclusions: The most effective strategy for reducing fire risk depends on the scale at which risk is assessed. Clustering WUI developments and treating between 10 to 30% of the landscape every 10 years can reduce fire risk across multiple scales.
Layer-dependent activity in human prefrontal cortex during working memory
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A statistical study on the local time dependence of equatorial spread F (ESF) irregularities and their relation to low latitude Es layers under geomagnetic storms
<p>The data can be downloaded from this site about our work.</p>
Dataset for 'Rotational dependence of turbulent transport coefficients in global convective dynamo simulations of solar-like stars'
<p>For moderate and slow rotation, magnetic activity of solar-like stars is observed to strongly depend on rotation, while for rapid rotation, only a very weak or no dependency is detected. These observations do not yet have a solid explanation in terms of dynamo theory. To work towards such an explanation, we numerically investigated the rotational dependency of dynamo drivers in solar-like stars, that is, stars that have a convective envelope of similar thickness as in the Sun. We ran semi-global convection simulations of stars with rotation rates from 0 to 30 times the solar value, corresponding to Coriolis numbers, Co, of 0 to 110. We measured the turbulent transport coefficients describing the magnetic field evolution with the help of the test-field method, and compared with the dynamo effect arising from the differential rotation, self-consistently generated in the models. The trace of the <strong><span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span></strong> tensor increases for moderate rotation rates with Co<sup>0.5</sup> and levels off for rapid rotation. This behavior is in agreement with the kinetic <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span> based on the kinetic helicity, if one takes into account the decrease of the convective scale with increasing rotation. The <strong><span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span></strong> tensor becomes highly anisotropic for Co > 1, <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha_{rr}\)</span> dominates for moderate rotation (1<Co<10), and <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha_{\phi\phi}\)</span> for rapid rotation (Co > 10). The effective meridional flow, taking into account the turbulent pumping effects, is markedly different from the actual meridional circulation profile. Hence, the turbulent pumping effect is dominating the meridional transport of the magnetic field. Taking all dynamo effects into account, we find three distinct regimes. For slow rotation, the <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span> and Rädler effects are dominating in presence of anti-solar differential rotation. For moderate rotation, <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span> and <span class="math-tex">\(\Omega\)</span> effects are dominant, indicative of <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\Omega\)</span> or <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha^2\Omega\)</span> dynamos in operation, producing equatorward-migrating dynamo waves with the qualitatively solar-like rotation profile. For rapid rotation, an <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha^2\)</span> mechanism, with an influence from the Rädler effect, appears to be the most probable driver of the dynamo. Our study reveals the presence of a large variety of dynamo effects beyond the classical <span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\Omega\)</span> mechanism, which need to be investigated further to fully understand the dynamos of solar-like stars. The highly anisotropic <strong><span class="math-tex">\(\alpha\)</span></strong> tensor might be the primary reason for the change of axisymmetric to non-axisymmetric dynamo solutions in the moderate rotation regime.</p> <p>For the full article see <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.06776">https://arxiv.org/abs/1910.06776</a></p>
Conformational maps of human 20S proteasomes reveal PA28- and immuno-dependant inter-ring crosstalks
<p>Data and R scripts associated to the HDX-MS analysis of the 20S core particule and its PA28 regulators:</p> <p>Here, we used for the first time Hydrogen-Deuterium eXchange coupled to Mass Spectrometry (HDX-MS) to investigate conformational differences between the human standard 20S (std20S) and immuno 20S (i20s) proteasomes alone or in complex with PA28αβ or PA28γ activators. Their solvent accessibility (in the form of deuteration kinetics) were analysed through a dedicated bioinformatic pipeline including stringent statistical analysis and 3D visualisation. These data confirmed the existence of allosteric differences between the std20S and i20S at the surface of the α-ring triggered from inside the catalytic β-ring. Additionally, binding of the PA28 regulators to the 20S proteasomes modified solvent accessibility due to conformational changes of the β-rings. This work is not only a proof of concept that HDX-MS can be used to get structural insights on large multi-protein complexes in solution, it also demonstrates that the binding of the std20S or i20S subtype to any of its PA28 activator triggers allosteric changes that are specific to this 20S/PA28 pair, in terms of the regions affected. </p>
Dataset of "Effects of latitude-dependent gravity wave source variations on the middle and upper atmosphere"
<p>This is a dataset for three 60-day simulations with the CMAT2-GCM for June-July 2010 conditions, using the Whole atmosphere gravity wave parameterization by Yiğit et al. (2008).</p> <p>Dimensions: 66 vertical levels, 24 longitudes, and 91 latitudes. The bottom level is at 100 mb. </p> <p>Variables: There are seven physical variables. Daily-averaged zonal wind, temperature, geopotential height, zonal drag, gravity wave total heating/cooling rate, gravity wave-induced temperature fluctuations, and gravity wave absolute momentum flux. </p> <p>Simulations: A benchmark run "00n", a run with latitude-dependent gravity wave source spectrum with 50% increased flux at the lower boundary in both hemispheres "51n"; same as "52n" but 100% increased flux in the Southern Hemisphere only. </p>
ScienceDex guides
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.