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18,658 results for “impacts”
SMDRM Model for Impact Assessment
<p>This model is the result of the training of a Convolutional Neural Network. Training datasets were tweets collected during historical floods in Sao Paulo (PT,EN) and Barcelona (ES,EN). </p>
Manufacturing of Hybrid Overmoulded FRP Components: Impact of Process and Environmental Parameters on the Mechanical Properties
<p>A manufacturing parametric study was carried out on a hybrid part, consisting of two organo sheets and injection moulded rib reinforcements, made out of a short fibre reinforced plastic. The effect of the temperature of all components, the pressure profile throughout the injection moulding process as well as the subsequent storage conditions on the mechanical properties was investigated. For this purpose a total of 96 parts was manufactured with different processing parameter combinations. Afterwards all parts were subjected to a cantilever beam test, analysing initial stiffness, deformation work and peak force. Furthermore a variety of potentially influencing factors such as temperature, humidity, order of testing, transfer durations and many more were tracked.</p> <p>Parameter definition:</p> <ul> <li><strong>part_ID</strong>: Unique part identifier.</li> <li><strong>OS-degradation</strong>: Degradation of the organo-sheet(OS) because of thermal decomposition at temperatures above 260°C. Given as percentage of degraded mass.</li> <li><strong>heating-duration</strong>: Time of heating the OS in seconds.</li> <li><strong>heating_temperature-OS</strong>: Surface temperature of the OS at the end of the heating period in °C.</li> <li><strong>heating_field-temp.</strong>: Temperature of the heating field immediately before the heating process begins in °C.</li> <li><strong>stiffness</strong>: Bending stiffness of the structure in N/mm. Determined from the force-deflection-curve between 50 and 150 N.</li> <li><strong>maximum_force</strong>: Highest force value measured during the cantilever beam test in kN.</li> <li><strong>deflection</strong>: Value corresponding to the maximum force in mm.</li> <li><strong>deformation_work</strong>: Absorbed work due to deformation in kN*mm. Determined by integrating the force-deflection-curve from 5 to 30 mm with a lower bound of 0.05 kN on the force.</li> <li><strong>corrected-x</strong>: Value of x corrected by taking into account the water intake.</li> <li><strong>rib_lengths-x</strong>: Length of the rib in mm (1à5<sup>th</sup>, 2à7<sup>th</sup> , 3à10<sup>th</sup>).</li> <li><strong>sprue_width</strong>: Diameter of the sprue in mm.</li> <li><strong>part_length</strong>: Total part length in mm.</li> <li><strong>mould_filled-x</strong>: Flag indicating whether the mould was filled (indicated by 1) at position x (1àbroad end, 2àmid, 3ànarrow end)</li> <li><strong>rib_length</strong>: Mean of the measured rib lengths in mm.</li> <li><strong>mould_filled</strong>: Mean of the flags for fill state.</li> <li><strong>day_of_testing</strong>: Day on which the part was tested (1,2,3).</li> <li><strong>no._of_test_per_day</strong>: Number of test on the respective day.</li> <li><strong>no._of_test_total</strong>: Number of tests in total.</li> <li><strong>delay_of_transfer</strong>: Duration between removal of the OS from the heating field and begin of the transfer in s.</li> <li><strong>transfer_temp_beg.-x</strong>: Surface temperature in °C of the OS at the beginning of the transfer at position x.</li> <li><strong>transfer_temp_end-x</strong>: Surface temperature in °C of the OS at the end of the transfer at position x.</li> <li><strong>tool_surface_temp.-x</strong>: Surface temperature in °C of the tool at position x.</li> <li><strong>fixing-x</strong>: Flag indicating whether the OS was fixed (indicated by 1) at position x (1àbroad end, 2àmid, 3ànarrow end).</li> <li><strong>fixing</strong>: Mean of the flags for fixing.</li> <li><strong>duration-rapid_traverse</strong>: Duration of the rapid motion phase of the press in s.</li> <li><strong>duration-deformation</strong>: Duration of the motion phase of the press deforming the OS in s.</li> <li><strong>press_profile</strong>: ID for translational velocity of the press (0àslow, 1àfast).</li> <li><strong>duration-closing</strong>: Sum of duration-rapid_traverse and duration-deformation.</li> <li><strong>duration-injection</strong>: Duration of the pure injection process in s.</li> <li><strong>duration-holding_pressure</strong>: Time for which the holding pressure was kept up in s.</li> <li><strong>temp.-cylinder-x</strong>: Mean of the temperature over one cycle at one heating band in °C.</li> <li><strong>temp-hot_runner-x</strong>: Mean of the temperature over one cycle at one heating element in the hot runner in °C.</li> <li><strong>temp.-defl._tool-x</strong>: Mean of the temperature over one cycle in the deflection tool at position x.</li> <li><strong>delay-injection</strong>: Time between the press fully closing and the beginning of injection in s.</li> <li><strong>holding_pressure-beg.-x</strong>: Holding pressure at the beginning of holding and position x in bar.</li> <li><strong>holding_pressure-end-x</strong>: Holding pressure at the ned of holding and position x in bar.</li> <li><strong>duration-form_stability-x</strong>: Time in s between maximum melt pressure and form stability, characterised by a pressure below 75 bar.</li> <li><strong>max.-pressure-melt-x</strong>: Maximum pressure during the injection process at position x in bar.</li> <li><strong>transmission-hold._press.-beg.</strong>: Ratio of pressure signal from the sensor at screw and in tool at beginning of holding.</li> <li><strong>transmission-hold._press.-end</strong>: Ratio of pressure signal from the sensor at screw and in tool at end of holding.</li> <li><strong>cooling_rate-hold._press.-x</strong>: Measured cooling rate at position x during the holding phase in °C/s.</li> <li><strong>cooling_rate-cooling-x</strong>: Measured cooling rate at position x during the cooling phase in °C/s.</li> <li><strong>tool-temp.-x</strong>: Measured tool temperature at position x in °C.</li> <li><strong>max.-melt-temp-x</strong>: Highest measured melt temperature at position x in °C.</li> <li><strong>demoulding-temp.-x</strong>: Measured tool temperature at position x at demoulding in °C.</li> <li><strong>storage-standard_atmosphere</strong>: Storage duration at standard atmosphere in h.</li> <li><strong>absoprtion_water-std.atm.</strong>: Water absorption during the storage at standard atmosphere in g.</li> <li><strong>absoprtion_water-climate_chamber.</strong>: Water absorption during the storage in the climate chamber in g.</li> <li><strong>storage-climate_chamber</strong>: Storage duration in climate chamber in h.</li> <li><strong>vert._position-climate_chamber</strong>: Vertical position in the climate chamber in cm.</li> <li><strong>air-temp.</strong>: Air temperature during manufacturing in °C.</li> <li><strong>air-rel._humidity</strong>: Relative humidity during manufacturing in %.</li> <li><strong>no.-production-day</strong>: Consecutive number indicating parts manufactured before the respective part.</li> <li><strong>factor_level</strong>: Factor level in the DOE.</li> <li><strong>prod.-date</strong>: Date of production.</li> <li><strong>prod-time</strong>: Time of production in CEST.</li> <li><strong>batch_number</strong>: ID in which batch the part was manufactured.</li> </ul>
Data from: Human impacts on mammals in and around a protected area before, during, and after COVID‐19 lockdowns
<p>The dual-mandate for many protected areas (PAs) to simultaneously promote recreation and conserve biodiversity may be hampered by negative effects of recreation on wildlife. However, reports of these effects are not consistent, presenting a knowledge gap that hinders evidence-based decision-making. We used camera traps to monitor human activity and terrestrial mammals in Golden Ears Provincial Park and the adjacent Malcolm Knapp Research Forest near Vancouver, Canada, with the objective of discerning relative effects of various forms of recreation on cougars (Puma concolor), black bears (Ursus americanus), black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus), snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus), coyotes (Canis latrans), and bobcats (Lynx rufus). Additionally, public closures of the study area associated with the COVD-19 pandemic offered an unprecedented period of human-exclusion through which to explore these effects. Using Bayesian generalized mixed-effects models, we detected negative effects of hikers (mean posterior estimate = -0.58, 95% credible interval (CI) -1.09 to -0.12) on weekly bobcat habitat use and negative effects of motorized vehicles (estimate = -0.28, 95% CI -0.61 to -0.05) on weekly black bear habitat use. We also found increased cougar detection rates in the PA during the COVID-19 closure (estimate = 0.007, 95% CI 0.005 to 0.009), but decreased cougar detection rates (estimate = -0.006, 95% CI -0.009 to -0.003) and increased black-tailed deer detection rates (estimate = 0.014, 95% CI 0.002 to 0.026) upon reopening of the PA. Our results emphasize that effects of human activity on wildlife habitat use and movement may be species- and/or activity-dependent, and that camera traps can be an invaluable tool for monitoring both wildlife and human activity, collecting data even when public access is barred. Further, we encourage PA managers seeking to promote both biodiversity conservation and recreation to assess trade-offs between these two goals in their PAs.</p>
The impact of paleoclimatic changes on body size evolution in marine fishes
<p class="MsoNormal">Body size is an important species trait, correlating with lifespan, fecundity, and other ecological factors. Over Earth's geological history, climate shifts have occurred, potentially shaping body size evolution in many clades. General rules attempting to summarize body size evolution include Bergmann's rule, which states that species grow to larger sizes in cooler environments and smaller sizes in warmer environments; and Cope's rule, which poses that lineages tend to increase in size over evolutionary time. Tetraodontiform fishes (including pufferfishes, boxfishes, and ocean sunfishes) provide an extraordinary clade to test these rules in ectotherms owing to their exemplary fossil record and the great disparity in body size observed among extant and fossil species. We examined Bergmann's and Cope's rules in this group by combining phylogenomic data (1,103 exon loci from 185 extant species) with 210 anatomical characters coded from both fossil and extant species. We aggregated data layers on paleoclimate and body size from the species examined, then inferred a set of time-calibrated phylogenies using tip-dating approaches for use in downstream comparative analyses of body size evolution using models that incorporate paleoclimatic information. We find strong support for a temperature-driven model in which increasing body size over time is correlated with decreasing oceanic temperatures. On average, extant tetraodontiforms are 2–3 times larger than their fossil counterparts, which otherwise evolved during periods of warmer ocean temperatures. These results provide strong support for both Bergmann's and Cope's rules, trends that are less studied in marine fishes compared to terrestrial vertebrates and marine invertebrates.</p>
Core bibliometric Covid19 and comparable research dataset and code for the study "From intent to impact: Investigating the effects of open sharing commitments"
<p>This document provides the underlying dataset for the bibliometric component for the 2022 study "From intent to impact: Investigating the effects of open sharing commitments" by Research Consulting and Science-Metrix.</p> <p>Before reproducing the study findings or re-using the underlying datasets for other purposes, please cautiously review their limitations in the study's technical annex and main report, available at: https://zenodo.org/communities/data-sharing-in-public-health-emergencies/ </p> <p>Particularly, note that there is an error rate in attribution of signatory status to journal publications and preprints; in their location within specific thematic disease-based areas; or computing of dimension such as identification of data availability statement sections; identification of data depisition mentions within data availability statement sections; or matching of preprints and journal publications.</p> <p>These error rates are expected and have been estimated, please consult the technical report for full details.</p> <p> </p> <p>Definition of data fields is provided is the table below:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td>Column name </td> <td>Definition</td> </tr> <tr> <td>document_type</td> <td>preprint or journal publication</td> </tr> <tr> <td>doi</td> <td>digital object identifier</td> </tr> <tr> <td>arxiv_id</td> <td>arXiv preprint server's unique identifier for its preprints</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ssrn_id</td> <td>SSRN preprint server's unique identifier for its preprints. Note that some of these IDs are contained within the DOIs also assigned to some (but not all) SSRN preprints , in the form of "10.2139/ssrn." + 'ssrn_id'</td> </tr> <tr> <td>coalesce_id</td> <td>coalesce function applied to the DOI, arxiv_id and ssrn_id. Redundant for journal publications.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>preprint_server</td> <td>Preprint platform on which a preprint has been published, restricted to arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv and SSRN for this study.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>journal_title</td> <td>Publishing journal name in the case of a journal publication.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>year</td> <td>The set is restricted to 2020 and 2021 for Covid19 preprints and journal publications. HVRD journal publications restricted to 2018-2019. HVRD preprints were restricted to 2020-2021 instead, to compensate for the lac of year-normalization for preprints, and generally better control findings against the launch of medRxiv in 2019.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>publication_title</td> <td>Title of the individual journal publication or preprint, not that of the publishing journal or preprint server.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>authors</td> <td>First 100 researchers that appear as authors of a preprint or journal publication. These are not parsed and provided for qualitative validation or assessments rather than for further quantitative treatment.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Covid19</td> <td>Journal publications or preprints are coded 1 if they has been identified as falling into this thematic area through our queries (see the technical annex), 0 otherwise</td> </tr> <tr> <td>HVRD</td> <td>Human viral respiratory disease, the thematic area considered to be the closest to Covid19. Journal publications or preprints are coded 1 if they has been identified as falling into this thematic area through our queries (see the technical annex), 0 otherwise</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Journal_sig</td> <td>Journal publications where the publishing journal and/or its publishing house are Joint Statement signatories. Coded as 1 if they are signatories, 0 if not signatory, null if status could not be determined due to insufficient metadata. Not that all preprint servers included in this study are Joint Statement signatories. This category was fully removed from the models for preprints, rather than all preprints being assigned automatic signatory status.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RPO_sig</td> <td>Journal publications and preprints where at least one author is affiliated with at least one research performing organization that is a Joint Statement signatory. Coded as 1 ifor signatory, 0 if not signatory, null if status could not be determined due to insufficient metadata.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Funder_sig</td> <td>Journal publications and preprints where at least one funder supporting the research is a Joint Statement signatory. Coded as 1 ifor signatory, 0 if not signatory, null if status could not be determined due to insufficient metadata. Although funding is attributed to researchers rather than publications, funding metadata is more readily available at the second level. This approach also captures the flexible usage of financial resources that researchers may make accross mulitple concurrently ongoing research projects.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>overton_norm</td> <td>Year and subfield-normalized binary score of whether the journal publications has been cited by one or more policy-related documents from the Overton database. Null scores for journal publications not covered by the database.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>overton</td> <td>Normalizations being unable for preprints, binary score of whether the preprint has been cited by one or more policy-ralated documents from the Overton database. Null scores for preprints not covered by the database.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>daswriting_binary</td> <td>Binary score capturing identification of a data availability statement in the journal publication or preprint using the queries presented in the technical annex. Null scores are for publications and preprints where records of full texts were unavailable for text mining, or were this analysis could not be performed due to licensing restrictions. </td> </tr> <tr> <td>deposition_binary</td> <td>Binary score capturing identification of a data availability statement and data deposition mention therein in the journal publication or preprint using the queries presented in the technical annex. Null scores are for publications and preprints where records of full texts were unavailable for text mining, or were this analysis could not be performed due to licensing restrictions. </td> </tr> <tr> <td>is_oa</td> <td>Binary score capturing OA or free-to-read (also so-calleod "bronze OA" and "green OA") status of journal publications. Unpaywall categories have been used in a mutually exclusive implementation, with the best (gold > hybrid>bronze>green) possible applicable category being retained. Null scores for journal publications not covered in our Unpaywall dataset. Scores of 0 denote journal publications not available under an OA or free-to-read category.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>is_gold</td> <td>as above</td> </tr> <tr> <td>is_hybrid</td> <td>as above</td> </tr> <tr> <td>is_bronze</td> <td>as above</td> </tr> <tr> <td>is_green</td> <td>as above</td> </tr> <tr> <td>matched_journal_binary</td> <td>For preprints, whether one or more matching journal publications could be identified using the queries identified in the technical, or preprint servers' own lists of preprint-journal publication matches. Null scores for preprints with insufficient metadata information to perform the matching operation.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>matched_journal_doi</td> <td>For those preprints with or more matching journal publications, the DOI(s) of the matching journal publication(s). Note that some of the maching journal publications identified do not have DOIs.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>matched_preprint_binary</td> <td>For journal publications, whether one or more matching preceding preprints could be identified using the queries identified in the technical annex, or preprint servers' own lists of preprint-journal publication matches. Null scores for journal publications without sufficient metadata to run the analysis.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>matched_preprint_id</td> <td>For those journal publications preceded with one or more arXiv, bioRxiv, medRxiv or SSRN preprints, the DOI(s), arXiv ID and/or SSRN ID of the matching preprint(s). </td> </tr> <tr> <td>hasdoi</td> <td>Only journal publications with DOIs were retained in the core quantitative analyses.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>hasacknowledgements</td> <td>Only journal publications with funding acknowledgements (to determine funding-based signatory status) were retained in the core quantitative analyses.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>funder_array</td> <td>Array (but cast as string) of names of the funders on the basis of whose idenitification signatory status has been attributed, where relevant. Null if non-signatory or unknown signatory status.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RPO_array</td> <td>Array (but cast as string) of names of the research performing organizations on the basis of whose idenitification signatory status has been attributed, where relevant. Null if non-signatory or unknown signatory status.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DAS_excerpt</td> <td>Journal publication or preprint text excerpt on which succesful identifcation of data availability statements and/or data deposition mentions have been made. Null both where the query could not be run at all, or where the query was negative.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>big5</td> <td>Journal publication published in a journal owned by one of the following five publishing houses: Elsevier, Sage, Springer Nature, Taylor-Francis, Wiley.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LMIC</td> <td>Journal publication whose authors include at least one researcher affiliated with at least one institution located in a lower-middle income country as defined by the World Bank</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LIC</td> <td>Journal publication whose authors include at least one researcher affiliated with at least one institution located in a low income country as defined by the World Bank</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SouthNorth</td> <td>Journal publication whose authors include at least one researcher affiliated with at least one institution located in a upper-middle income country, a lower-middle income country, or a low income country as defined by the World Bank; as well as at least one researcher affiliated with at least one institution located in a high income country. For the purpose of this indicator, Sicnece-Metrix exceptionally includes China and Bulgaria in the list of high income countries.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DID_allauthors_OR</td> <td>Journal publication is included in the difference-in-difference model defining signatory publication as EITHER holding journal-based signatory status OR funding-based signatory status, and where no filter has been applied to control for author-level biases.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DID_authorcontrol_OR</td> <td>Journal publication is included in the difference-in-difference model defining signatory publication as EITHER holding journal-based signatory status OR funding-based signatory status, and where a filter has been applied to control for author-level biases.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DID_authorcontrol_AND</td> <td>Journal publication is included in the difference-in-difference model defining signatory publication as holding journal-based signatory status AND funding-based signatory status, and where a filter has been applied to control for author-level biases.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DID_allauthors_AND</td> <td>Journal publication is included in the difference-in-difference model defining signatory publication as holding journal-based signatory status AND funding-based signatory status, and where no filter has been applied to control for author-level biases.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>Preprint_authorcontrol</td> <td>Preprint is included in the the analytical breakdowns where a filter has been applied to control for author-level biases. Note that authors have been kept constant in preprints on the basis of their belonging to all analytical breakdowns in journal publications rather than in preprint-based groups.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p> </p>
Dataset for Surrogate Model Benchmarking for Dynamic Climate Impact Models
<p>The data represents time series of seasonal weather forecasts for rainfall and temperature. The dataset contains 10 forecasts of 6-month horizon from, two per year, from 2017 to 2021; start dates January 1 and July 1, respectively. Each forecast comprises 50 ensemble members. In total, this sums up to 91300 data points, each containing daily average rainfall, temperature.</p> <p>Each sample (row) comprises following features (columns):</p> <ul> <li><strong>datetime</strong>: Date of the forecast sample.</li> <li><strong>forecast</strong>: Identifier of the ensemble member, i.e. integer between 1 and total number of ensemblemembers.</li> <li><strong>precip</strong>: Averaged daily rainfall forecast in millimeters.</li> <li><strong>temp</strong>: Averaged daily temperature forecast in degree Celsius.</li> </ul> <p>Dataset created by The Weather Company, an IBM business. This service is based on data and products of the European Center for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF-Archive and ECMWF-RT). Generated using Copernicus Climate Change Service information [2019 and ongoing]. ECMWF Archive data published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0): https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/<br> Disclaimer: Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the information it contains.</p>
Supplementary Data: OpenCOVID model output underlaying Figures 1 and 2 of "Modelling the impact of Omicron and emerging variants on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and public health burden"
<p>Supplementary data files <strong>Figure_1.xlsx</strong> and <strong>Figure_2.xlsx</strong> contain the model simulation outcomes for Figures 1 and 2 of <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.21267673v2">Le Rutte, Shattock <em>et al</em></a> "<strong>Modelling the impact of Omicron and emerging variants on SARS-CoV-2 transmission and public health burden</strong>" (2022)</p> <ul> <li><strong>Figure 1</strong>: Peak daily hospital occupancy (number of beds per 100,000 population over the six-month simulation period) for three variant properties; infectivity (relative to Delta), immune evading capacity (%), and severity (relative to Delta)<br> </li> <li><strong>Figure 2</strong>: Percentage of COVID-19 infections and deaths averted by third-dose vaccines for adults and vaccinating 5-11-year-olds with doses one and two.<br> </li> <li>Open access source-codes of the associated plotting functions are published <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/6532404#.Yqw7cezMKdb">here</a> on Zenodo.<br> </li> <li>Open access source-codes for the OpenCOVID model of all analyses as presented in <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.21267673v2">Le Rutte, Shattock <em>et al.</em> (2022)</a> are publicly available at <a href="https://github.com/SwissTPH/OpenCOVID/tree/manuscript_december_2021/src">https://github.com/SwissTPH/OpenCOVID/tree/manuscript_december_2021/src</a>.<br> </li> <li>Detailed model descriptions and model equations of individual-based transmission model <strong>OpenCOVID</strong> are described in <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34923396/">Shattock <em>et al</em>. (2022)</a> and <a href="https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.12.12.21267673v2">Le Rutte, Shattock <em>et al.</em> (2022).</a></li> </ul>
Assessing the impacts of conservation volunteering on participant wellbeing: a review protocol
<p>Original search titles for the review : </p> <p>Assessing the impacts of conservation volunteering on participant wellbeing:</p> <p>a review protocol</p>
Supplementary Movies and Dataset for Debris Flows, Debris Avalanches and Rock Avalanches Impacting A Flexible Ring Net Barrier.
<p>The supplementary movies S1, S2, and S3 (presented in Figures 1, S4, and S6) show typical debris flow, debris avalanche, and rock avalanche impacting a flexible ring net barrier with = 6 m/s, respectively.</p> <p>The experimental data used for comparison in Figure 2b from the large-scale flume test V6-B1 with a flexible ring net barrier was published open access in the below article (Vicari <em>et al.,</em> 2021).</p> <p>Vicari, H., Ng, C. W., Nordal, S., Thakur, V., De Silva, W. R. K., Liu, H., & Choi, C. E. (2021). The Effects of Upstream Flexible Barrier on the Debris Flow Entrainment and Impact Dynamics on a Terminal Barrier. <em>Canadian Geotechnical Journal</em>, <em>59</em>(6), 1007-1019. <a href="https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2021-0119">https://doi.org/10.1139/cgj-2021-0119</a></p>
Impact of human disturbance on the abundance of non-breeding shorebirds in a subtropical wetland
<p><span>Shorebird populations have declined due to several threats throughout their annual cycle. Anthropogenic disturbance is one of the most ubiquitous threats to shorebird conservation in North America. Here, we studied the influence of human disturbance on shorebird community dynamics during migration and winter in Ensenada de La Paz, a subtropical coastal wetland in Mexico. We used negative binomial generalized linear mixed models to investigate the associations between spatial, biological, and anthropogenic variation and local shorebird abundance that accounted for shorebird body size (small, medium, and large) and foraging strategy (visual and tactile) of 21 shorebird species. After controlling for these different correlates of abundance, human disturbance (people, vehicles, and dogs) was negatively associated with shorebird abundance. During winter, all shorebird species were negatively related to human disturbance but positively associated with presence of raptors. However, small, tactile foraging birds exhibited a proportionally larger negative response to human disturbance than other shorebird types, indicative of guild-level sensitivities to human disturbance regimes. The positive association between shorebird abundance and disturbance from predators was unexpected. Shorebirds likely concentrate in large groups to reduce predation risk, resulting in higher densities of shorebirds occurring in areas with high predation risk. Understanding factors influencing the abundance and habitat use of shorebirds on their non-breeding grounds is paramount to support management and conservation policies for shorebirds and their habitats.</span></p>
Data from: Impact of squid predation on juvenile fish survival
<p><span>Predation is a major source of mortality during the early life stages of marine fishes; however, few studies have demonstrated its impact—especially that of squid predation—on survival processes. Here, we examined the feeding habits and predation impacts of swordtip squid on a major prey fish, juveniles of jack mackerel, in the East China Sea. Otoliths of the juveniles extracted from the squid stomach were used to reconstruct the age–length relationship and the growth trajectory of the consumed juveniles, and they were compared to those of juveniles collected with a net using a newly developed statistical framework. The juveniles consumed by squid had significantly shorter body lengths and smaller body sizes during the late larval and early juvenile stages than the netted juveniles, suggesting that smaller juveniles with slower growth rates have a higher probability to be selected. The body mass ratio of the predator squid to prey juveniles (predator-prey mass ratio, PPMR) ranged from 7 to 700, which was remarkably lower than the PPMR reported in various marine ecosystems based on analyses of fishes. Our findings demonstrate that squid predation can significantly impact the early life survival of fish and the trophodynamics in marine ecosystems.</span></p>
The Impact of Working From Home on the Success of Scrum Projects: A Multi-Method Study
<p>The number of companies opting for remote working has been increasing over the years, and Agile methodologies, such as Scrum, were adapted to mitigate the challenges caused by the distributed teams. However, the COVID-19 pandemic imposed a fully working from home context, which has never existed before. To investigate this phenomenon, we used a two-phased Multi-Method study. In the first phase, we uncover how working from home impacted Scrum practitioners through semi-structured interviews. Then, in the second phase, we propose a theoretical model that we test and generalize using Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) through a quantitative survey of 138 software engineers who worked from home within Scrum projects. From assessing our model, we can conclude that all the latent variables are reliable and all the hypotheses are significant. We emphasize the importance of supporting the three innate psychological needs of autonomy, competence, and relatedness in the home working environment. We conclude that the ability of working from<br> home and the use of Scrum both contribute to project success, with Scrum acting<br> as a mediator.</p>
All-atom molecular dynamics simulations of phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH) tetramer to investigate the impact of two novel heterozygous mutations, p.Y198N and p.Y204F, observed in a classical phenylketonuria patient
<p>Phenylalanine-4-hydroxylase (PAH) tetramer system (Robetta modelling to complete the structure with template PDB ID: 6hyc) with parametrised BH<sub>4</sub> ligand (parameters are available in the dataset) and Fe(II) metal ions in a TIP3P water box ionised with 0.15 M KCl were presented as wild-type and carrying two novel mutations as Y198N on dimeric chains A and B, and Y204F on dimeric chains C and D. In addition, E353 and E422 are protonated as predicted by PROPKA. BH<sub>4</sub> molecule parametrization was performed by using GAFF, Antechamber and “amb2chm_par.py” program of Amber2018.</p> <p>5,000-step minimization and 1 ns equilibration were performed by fixing the protein to relax the system. Then, another 5,000-step minimization and 1 ns equilibration were performed without any constraints, except the SHAKE algorithm on water molecules, to relax the protein and system. The production simulations were performed along 100 ns trajectory at 310 K collected under NpT ensemble.</p> <p>All system preparation and simulation details for this dataset is available with the related background, results and conclusions in the following article:</p> <p>Tolga Aslan, Aslı Yenenler-Kutlu, Umut Gerlevik, Ayşe Çiğdem Aktuğlu Zeybek, Ertuğrul Kıykım, Osman Uğur Sezerman & Necla Birgul Iyison (2021) Identifying and elucidating the roles of Y198N and Y204F mutations in the PAH enzyme through molecular dynamic simulations, Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics, DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1080/07391102.2021.1921619">10.1080/07391102.2021.1921619</a></p>
The impact of stress and its influencing factors among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Kingdom of Bahrain
<p><strong><span>Background:</span></strong><span> It is well known that all medical professions are linked to work stress, including dentistry, which is seen as facing higher risk due to the nature of the job, especially the working conditions. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Objective:</strong> This study aimed to assess the impact of stress and its influencing factors among dentists during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bahrain.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Methods</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> A cross-sectional survey was designed to assess the impact of stress and its influencing factors among Bahraini dentists. A total of 306 participants were randomly selected from 1489 registered professionals in the NHRA (National Health Regulatory Authority Bahrain). In addition, an online survey was used to minimise face-to-face communication as well as to accommodate dental practitioners who work in private and government hospitals in Bahrain and a convenient sample of dentists was requested to participate in this study.</span></p> <p><strong><span>Results</span></strong><span><strong>:</strong> Out of 306 participants invited in the survey, only 253 responded, which was adequate for the study. Overall, the participants have reported moderate stress. All the variables of the study showed different effects, but the highest stressor with a strong correlation was "fear of social isolation "(FI) at the significance level of 0.01 (β= 0.393, t= 5.090, p < 0.05= (0.000) with </span> <span>= 0.201 above 0.15 and less than 0.35 which was considered as a moderate effect size approximately (20%), which strongly supported the hypothesis that researchers have proposed. Overall, the total effect for all stressors were (30 %) which was considered as a moderate effect size. All hypotheses were supported except BCP -> OUTCOME due to insufficient evidence at the insignificant level of 0.01 (β= -0.184, t=1.560, p > 0.05 = (0.060). whereas the R² values of independent variables were above 95% for the variance of dentists' outcome, which is considered an excellent fit to the data as evidenced by the squared multiple correlations (</span> <span>) values for the dependent variables.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions:</strong> </span><span>The study is unique based on its findings that reveal the impact of stress among dentists. Moreover, the results of this study may serve as guidance for future monitoring of dental practitioners' burnout, anxiety, and workload. Furthermore, it may provide supports in different aspects.</span></p>
KPIs to measure the impact of Food loss and Waste prevention strategies
<p>These data correspond to the process of KPIs definition to measure the impact of Food Loss and Waste prevention strategies in FOODRUS. Both the initial long list of KPIs that started the process, and the results of 3 different surveys delivered to experts and stakeholders are included here.</p> <p> </p>
Cloudiness delays projected impact of climate change on coral reefs
<p>The increasing frequency of mass coral bleaching and associated coral mortality threaten the future of warmwater coral reefs. Although thermal stress is widely recognized as the main driver of coral bleaching, exposure to light also plays a central role. Future projections of the impacts of climate change on coral reefs have to date focused on temperature change and not considered the role of clouds in attenuating the bleaching response of corals. In this study, we develop temperature- and light-based bleaching prediction algorithms using historical sea surface temperature, cloud cover fraction and downwelling shortwave radiation data together with a global-scale observational bleaching dataset observations. The model is applied to CMIP6 output from the GFDL-ESM4 Earth System Model under four different future scenarios to estimate the effect of incorporating cloudiness on future bleaching frequency, with and without thermal adaptation or acclimation by corals. The results show that in the low emission scenario SSP1-2.6 incorporating clouds delays the bleaching frequency conditions by multiple decades in some regions, yet the majority (>70%) of coral reef cells still experience dangerously frequent bleaching conditions by the end of the century. In the moderate scenario SSP2-4.5, however, thermal stress would overwhelm the mitigating effect of clouds by mid-century. Thermal adaptation or acclimation by corals could further shift the bleaching projections by up to 40 years, yet coral reefs would still experience dangerously frequent bleaching conditions by the end of century in SPP2-4.5. The findings show that multivariate models incorporating factors like light may improve the near-term outlook for coral reefs and help identify future climate refugia, but the long-term future of coral reefs remains questionable in moderate to higher emissions scenario.</p>
Code and Additional Files for the Manuscript "The Impact of Farming Practices on Resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials in ESBL or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in Thailand"
<p>These scripts were used in the"The Impact of Farming Practices on Resistance to Critically Important Antimicrobials in ESBL or AmpC-producing Escherichia coli in Thailand" manuscript. The scripts are ordered for ease of use. It also contains intermediate files and files necessary for the mapping. Table S1 containing the metadata is available in the supplementary information of the manuscript.</p>
Dataset Bottom-up approach in the assessment of environmental impacts and costs of an innovative anammox-based process for nitrogen removal
<p>Dataset of</p> <p>Bottom-up approach in the assessment of environmental impacts and costs of an innovative anammox-based process for nitrogen removal</p> <p>J Environ Manage 2018 Nov 1;225:112-119.doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.07.070. Epub 2018 Jul 31.</p> <p> </p>
Data collected for: The contrasted impacts of grasshoppers on soil microbial activities in function of ecosystem productivity and herbivore diet
<p>Herbivory can have contrasted impacts on soil microbes and nutrient cycling, which has stimulated the development of conceptual frameworks exploring the links between below- and aboveground processes. The "productivity model" predicts that herbivores stimulate microbial activities and accelerate nutrient mineralization in productive ecosystems, while they have an opposite effect in less productive ecosystems. In parallel, the "diet model" predicts that herbivores feeding on conservative plants accelerate nutrient cycling while those feeding on exploitative plants decelerate nutrient cycling, due to changes in litter inputs. Since these two frameworks can lead to conflicting predictions in some cases, experimental evidence combining herbivore diet and productivity is required.</p> <p>During two consecutive years, we conducted an experiment controlling the presence of three grasshopper species consuming either grasses, forbs or both in twelve natural and managed alpine grasslands of contrasted productivities. In order to assess the effects of herbivory on soil microbes, we measured their enzymatic activities, their biomass and the soil potential nitrogen mineralization (PNM). Soil and vegetation characteristics were also determined in order to test if they modulated the effects of herbivory on microbes.</p> <p>Contrary to the predictions of the diet model, the effects of herbivory on microbial characteristics did not depend on the herbivores diet but relied on ecosystem productivity. The most productive sites were characterized by exploitative plant species which depleted N resources in the soil, and by microbes producing relatively few extracellular enzymes, leading to a lower PNM. Herbivory increased microbial biomass and decreased the production of extracellular enzymes in those sites, possibly through the stimulation of root exudates produced by exploitative species. The least productive sites were characterized by conservative plants, which led to the sequestration of soil C, and by microbes having a resource acquisition strategy (more extracellular enzymes, higher PNM). Herbivory decreased microbial biomass and increased the production of extracellular enzymes in those sites. This pattern can be explained by the loss of carbon associated with insect respiration, which increases the need for microbes to acquire resources and by a lower production of root exudates by conservative species. Therefore, the effects of two years of herbivory on soil microbes were at odds with the productivity model, which focuses instead on longer term effects corresponding to herbivory-induced changes in plant species composition. This highlights the multidimensional feature of the impacts of herbivory on ecosystem functioning, both in space and time.</p>
data for "Plant genetic effects on microbial hubs impact host fitness in repeated field trials"
<p>These are data tables required for the analysis of the paper "Plant genetic effects on microbial hubs impact host fitness in repeated field trials". <br> All scripts are available at https://forgemia.inra.fr/bbrachi/microbiota_paper.git</p> <p>The folder architecture in the zip files is the same as in the repository: https://forgemia.inra.fr/bbrachi/microbiota_paper.git</p> <p>The dataset includes: </p> <p>- OTU count tables for 16S and ITS</p> <p>- taxonomic assignation</p> <p>- plant seed-set estimates</p> <p>- plant growth data from the B38 experiment. </p> <p>- Metabolomics datasets</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.