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opencc-by-4.0Sep 2024View details →

Data and code for "Mesohabitat affinities of benthic macroinvertebrates in protected lowland rainforest streams of southeast Nicaragua"

This repository contains all data and R script that accompanies "Mesohabitat affinities of benthic macroinvertebrates in protected lowland rainforest streams of southeast Nicaragua." Datasets includes raw macroinvertebrate and mesohabitat data, taxonomic information (family, genus, and resolution), and functional feeding group (FFG) designations based on Ramírez & Gutiérrez-Fonseca (2014).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Figure 2 in TEMPORAL PARTITIONING OF CHIRONOMIDAE EMERGENCE IN AN INSULAR, TROPICAL RAINFOREST STREAM Abstract

Figure 2. Emergence trap on Quebrada Prieta.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2024View details →

Data from "The relevance of flash coloration against avian predation in a Morpho butterfly: A field experiment in a tropical rainforest"

This dataset contains all the data related to the manuscript "The relevance of flash coloration against avian predation in a Morpho butterfly: A field experiment in a tropical rainforest".

opencc-by-4.0Jun 2021View details →

Spatial and functional structure of an entire ant assemblage in a lowland Panamanian rainforest

Ants are a major ecological group in tropical rainforests. Few studies in the Neotropics have documented the distribution of ants from the ground to the canopy, and none have included the understorey. A previous analysis of an intensive arthropod study in Panama, involving 11 sampling methods, showed that the factors influencing ant beta diversity (i.e., changes in assemblage composition) were, in decreasing order of importance, the vertical (height), temporal (season), and horizontal (geographic distance) dimensions. In the present study, we went one step further and aimed (1) to identify the best sampling methods to study the entire ant assemblage across the three strata, (2) to test if all strata show a similar horizontal beta diversity and (3) to analyze the functional structure of the entire ant assemblage. We identified 405 ant species from 11 subfamilies and 68 genera. Slightly more species were sampled in the canopy than on the ground; they belonged to distinct sub-assemblages. The understorey fauna was mainly a mixture of species found in the other two strata. The horizontal beta diversity between sites was similar for the three strata. About half of the ant species foraged in two (29%) or three (25%) strata. A single method, aerial flight interception traps placed alongside tree trunks, acting as arboreal pitfall traps, collected half of the species and reflected the vertical stratification. Using the functional traits approach, we observed that generalist species with mid-sized colonies were by far the most numerous (31%), followed by ground- or litter-dwelling species, either specialists (20%), or generalists (16%), and arboreal species, either generalists (19%) or territorially dominant (8%), and finally army ants (5%). Our results reinforce the idea that a proper understanding of the functioning of ant assemblages requires the inclusion of arboreal ants in survey programs.

opencc-zeroApr 2020View details →

Potential growth more than functional traits explain successional habitat filtering of rainforest trees

<ol> <li>Species along successional gradients differ in functional traits, which may function as environmental filters and also explain differences in growth rates. Alternatively, species might be filtered by growth rates and these are explained by differences in other traits. We explored the relationships between leaf and wood traits, growth and successional habitat, and asked if growth is related to habitat because both are driven by a similar set of traits or if growth is the main trait explaining habitat and relationships with other traits are indirect.</li> <li>Tropical trees are often classified as second-growth (SG) or old-growth (OG) specialists, and generalists. Since succession is a continuous process and lumping species into three groups may not do justice to gradual differences, we tested if a continuous variable based on relative tree abundance in OG and SG forests might be a better predictor than classifying trees' habitat preferences into categories.</li> <li>We measured height growth of 47 trees species planted in a reforestation trial in Costa Rica and evaluated size-standardized potential growth during the first years when there was little shading among trees. Growth and habitat were related to wood density (WD), theoretical hydraulic conductivity (Kh), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf dry matter content (LDMC) and leaf nitrogen content (N).</li> <li>Potential growth rates and Kh were significantly correlated with habitat measured on a continuous scale, while growth and LDMC differed among the three groups of habitat specialization. Growth was also correlated with WD and Kh.</li> <li>Habitat specialization was correlated with the first principal component of the functional traits space. However, structural equation models suggest that the relationship with leaf and wood traits is mostly indirect and potential growth is the most important trait directly related to environmental filtering along a successional gradient. In our dataset, classifiying the successional status of species using the proportion of records from OG forests explains traits about as well as a classification into three groups, but provides more information about the species' position along the successional gradient.</li> </ol>

opencc-zeroDec 2020View details →

Demographic differentiation among pioneer tree species during old-field succession of a Neotropical rainforest

Early pioneer species share life histories enabling them to colonize disturbed sites, but how much they differ demographically and how such differentiation determines pioneer species turnover during succession are still open questions. Here, we approached these issues by comparing the demography of dominant pioneer tree species during the old-field succession of tropical rainforest in Southeast Mexico. We assessed changes in population density, population structure, vital rates, and intrinsic population growth rate (r) of the pioneer species Trema micrantha, Cecropia peltata, and Trichospermum mexicanum during the first 35 years of succession. For this, we combined chronosequence and long-term (from 2000 to 2018) data from 14 old-fields with 0.5-35 years fallow age. Trema colonized and disappeared first during succession (< 15 years), followed by Cecropia (< 28) and Trichospermum (> 31). All species exhibited hump-shaped successional trajectories of population density and biomass with Trema reaching a peak first, followed by Cecropia and later Trichospermum. Species exhibited a fast reduction in r with fallow age, with Trema reaching negative growth rates (r < 0) in the third, Cecropia in the fourth, and Trichospermum in the seventh year of succession. Recruitment, growth, and mortality rates of seedlings and juveniles defined the period of population increase and the age of succession at which each species reached maximum density and biomass. The mortality rate in mature stages determined how long each species persisted during succession. An important variation in species replacement occurred among study sites. In some sites one species was abundant and the others were almost absent, while it was the opposite in other sites. We inferred that priority inhibitory effects operated among species during the field colonization. Synthesis: Although Trema, Cecropia, and Trichospermum are considered typical pioneer trees, these species differed importantly in their demographic attributes during succession. The speed at which r declined with age of succession indicated the moment at which each species reached its maximum density and species replacement sequence during succession. However, inter-specific priority inhibitory effects during field colonization may also be involved in the chance of colonization and replacement between species with similar regeneration strategies.

opencc-zeroJun 2021View details →

Two decades of annual landscape-scale tree growth and dynamics in old-growth tropical rainforest in the CARBONO Project, La Selva Biological Station, 1997-2018

Here we present the complete data series from a 21-yr study of the annual growth and dynamics of trees, palms and lianas in the old-growth tropical rainforest at the La Selva Biological Station in Costa Rica. These observations were part of the CARBONO Project, a multidisciplinary team study of forest carbon cycling. The project was designed to assess forest processes at the landscape scale by sampling with replication across the within-landscape edaphic heterogeneity typical of tropical forests. Through more than two decades, forest growth and dynamics were assessed annually. The annual time-step used in the CARBONO Project effectively captured forest responses to major disturbances and to interannual and climatic variation. Annual measurements also enhanced the accuracy and long-term consistency of the data. To our knowledge, the resulting records are unique for tropical forests, where the dominant approach to studying the dynamics of a given forest has been to use a single plot and multi-year inter-census intervals. To date these CARBONO Project data have revealed: multi-decadal forest stability in spite of the short-term changes in forest structure resulting from major natural disturbances (e.g., the 1997-1998 Strong El Niño, and the extreme windstorm of May 2018); the dynamics and importance of large trees; and the responses of a major component of ecosystem productivity, aboveground wood production, to interannual and long-term climatic and atmospheric change. These data have also contributed to many remote-sensing studies. The data set consists of annual observations through the period 1997–2018 of the floristics, survival, recruitment, and growth of all woody stems (diameter > 10 cm) in a landscape-scale plot network. At completion of the study, the data spanned 6705 individuals and 21 years. The data set is complete and has been through extensive internal checks for quality assurance. Detailed data documentation and an emphasis on measurement repeatability were prioritized through the study. The metadata include an extensive README file describing the data files and the methods, a document detailing the data management and qa/qc, and the scanned original field data-sheets for the 22 annual censuses. We gratefully acknowledge the careful long-term field work and data entry and checking by paraforesters Leonel Campos Otoya and William Miranda Conejo. Logistical support and the long-term protection of the La Selva reserve were provided by the Organization for Tropical Studies. The Ministerio de Ambiente y Energía of Costa Rica granted permits to carry out this study through the years of the study (most recently: Resolución No. 037-2018-ACCVC-PI).

opencc-zeroJul 2021View details →

Supplemental information for: Annual tropical-rainforest productivity through two decades: Complex responses to climatic factors, CO2 and storm damage

The supplemental files in this deposition contribute additional information useful for understanding the analyses in the associated manuscript. Two files contain the annual (CARBONO Project measurement-year) data for productivity and for environmental conditions that were analyzed in the paper. The annual productivity metrics were derived from the CARBONO Project litterfall and tree-growth data that were provided and documented in prior Dryad data depositions. A third file in this deposition provides the daily data underlying the analyzed meteorological factors. The fourth file lists the standardized set of 66 test models that were used to test each of the five productivity metrics for environmental responses. The fifth file is an auxiliary table documenting tree mortality by year. The included README file documents the information in these files.

opencc-by-nc-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Figure 1 in Anuran species in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in an urban area

Figure 1. Map of the study location in the state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. In detail, Vitória municipality with delimitations of Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande (yellow contour).

opencc-by-nc-4.0Feb 2018View details →

Figure 2 in Anuran species in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in an urban area

Figure 2. Species rarefaction curve of the anuran recorded at Parque Estadual da Fonte Grande, municipality of Vitória, state of Espírito Santo, southeastern Brazil. Vertical bars indicate the upper and lower limits of the confidence interval (95%).

opencc-by-4.0Nov 2011View details →

Figure 33 in Descriptions of New Species of the Diverse and Endemic Land Snail Amplirhagada Iredale, 1933 from Rainforest Patches across the Kimberley, Western Australia (Pulmonata: Camaenidae)

Figure 33. Penial anatomy of Amplirhagada

opencc-by-4.0May 2011View details →

FIG. 5 in Description and Phylogenetic Relationships of a New Genus and Species of Lizard (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae) from the Amazonian Rainforest of Northern Brazil

FIG. 5. Maps of northern Brazil showing the type locality (star) of Marinussaurus curupira.

Fig. 74 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 74. Dorsal and ventral views of the skin of AMNH 266566, neotype of Cavia acouchy Erxleben,

Fig. 33 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 33. Limits of 12 rodent craniodental measurements defined in the text.

Fig. 30 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 30. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of FMNH 21720, neotype of Viverra touan Shaw

Fig. 39 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 39. Left maxillary toothrows (A, B) and right mandibular toothrows (C, D) of Neacomys dubosti

Fig. 65 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 65. Dorsal and ventral views of the skin of NMW 42010, lectotype of Coendou melanurus

Fig. 69 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 69. Left lateral cranial views of Coendou melanurus (top, AMNH 94174) and C. insidiosus

Fig. 64 in The Mammals Of Paracou, French Guiana: A Neotropical Lowland Rainforest Fauna Part 2. Nonvolant Species

Fig. 64. Dorsal, ventral, and lateral cranial views of NMW 42010, lectotype of Coendou melanurus